arXiv subjects

Muhammad A. Sultan

Publications and source records attributed to Muhammad A. Sultan.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

MOSAIC: A Self-supervised Dynamic Multi-encoding Reconstruction Framework for 3D Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a self-supervised dynamic reconstruction framework for highly undersampled dual-echo three-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement (3D LGE) MRI. Methods: MOSAIC jointly models multi-echo image content, coil sensitivity maps, and beat-specific nonrigid motion directly from acquired undersampled data, without requiring fully sampled training datasets or accurate precomputed sensitivity maps. Unlike existing methods that bin the acquired data into different motion states, with or without motion compensation, MOSAIC reconstructs a motion-resolved 3D LGE image from each heartbeat. The method was evaluated using digital phantoms with simulated myocardial scars and in vivo animal and human studies. Results: In phantom experiments, MOSAIC achieved higher peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure than low-rank deep image prior reconstruction and ablation variants of MOSAIC. In animal and human studies, MOSAIC achieved higher blinded expert image-quality scores than inline image-navigated compressed-sensing and low-rank deep image prior reconstructions. Conclusion: MOSAIC demonstrated the feasibility of motion-resolved free-breathing dual-echo 3D LGE MRI at acceleration factors exceeding 1,000, with improved detail preservation and artifact suppression relative to the state-of-the-art comparison methods.

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arXiv2025

A multi-dynamic low-rank deep image prior (ML-DIP) for 3D real-time cardiovascular MRI

Purpose: To develop a reconstruction framework for 3D real-time cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) from highly undersampled data without requiring fully sampled training datasets. Methods: We developed a multi-dynamic low-rank deep image prior (ML-DIP) framework that models spatial image content and deformation fields using separate neural networks. These sub-networks are jointly trained per scan to reconstruct the dynamic image series directly from undersampled k-space data. ML-DIP was evaluated on (i) a 3D cine digital phantom with simulated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), (ii) ten healthy subjects (including two scanned during both rest and exercise), and (iii) 12 patients with a history of PVCs. Phantom results were assessed using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). In vivo performance was evaluated by comparing left-ventricular function quantification (against 2D real-time cine) and image quality (against 2D real-time cine and binning-based 5D-Cine). Results: In the phantom study, ML-DIP achieved PSNR > 29 dB and SSIM > 0.90 for scan times as short as two minutes, while recovering cardiac motion, respiratory motion, and PVC events. In healthy subjects, ML-DIP yielded functional measurements comparable to 2D cine and higher image quality than 5D-Cine, including during exercise with high heart rates and bulk motion. In PVC patients, ML-DIP preserved beat-to-beat variability and reconstructed irregular beats, whereas 5D-Cine showed motion artifacts and information loss due to binning. Conclusion: ML-DIP enables high-quality 3D real-time CMR with acceleration factors exceeding 1,000 by learning low-rank spatial and motion representations from undersampled data, without relying on external fully sampled training datasets.

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arXiv2023

Surface Coil Intensity Correction for MRI

Modern MRI scanners utilize one or more arrays of small receive-only coils to collect k-space data. The sensitivity maps of the coils, when estimated using traditional methods, differ from the true sensitivity maps, which are generally unknown. Consequently, the reconstructed MR images exhibit undesired spatial variation in intensity. These intensity variations can be at least partially corrected using pre-scan data. In this work, we propose an intensity correction method that utilizes pre-scan data. For demonstration, we apply our method to a digital phantom, as well as to cardiac MRI data collected on a commercial scanner by Siemens Healthineers. The code is available at https://github.com/OSU-MR/SCC.

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arXiv2023

Deep Image prior with StruCtUred Sparsity (DISCUS) for dynamic MRI reconstruction

High-quality training data are not always available in dynamic MRI. To address this, we propose a self-supervised deep learning method called deep image prior with structured sparsity (DISCUS) for reconstructing dynamic images. DISCUS is inspired by deep image prior (DIP) and recovers a series of images through joint optimization of network parameters and input code vectors. However, DISCUS additionally encourages group sparsity on frame-specific code vectors to discover the low-dimensional manifold that describes temporal variations across frames. Compared to prior work on manifold learning, DISCUS does not require specifying the manifold dimensionality. We validate DISCUS using three numerical studies. In the first study, we simulate a dynamic Shepp-Logan phantom with frames undergoing random rotations, translations, or both, and demonstrate that DISCUS can discover the dimensionality of the underlying manifold. In the second study, we use data from a realistic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) phantom to compare DISCUS with compressed sensing (CS) and DIP, and to demonstrate the positive impact of group sparsity. In the third study, we use retrospectively undersampled single-shot LGE data from five patients to compare DISCUS with CS reconstructions. The results from these studies demonstrate that DISCUS outperforms CS and DIP, and that enforcing group sparsity on the code vectors helps discover true manifold dimensionality and provides additional performance gain.

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