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N. Gavrielov

Publications and source records attributed to N. Gavrielov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Lifetime measurements in neutron-rich odd-A yttrium isotopes ($^{93-99}$Y): Investigation of shape coexistence and the intertwined quantum phase transition

Lifetimes of 16 excited states in the neutron-rich odd-$A$ nuclei $^{93-99}$Y were measured using fast-timing $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidence spectroscopy with fast scintillation detectors at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator. Particular attention is given to the region around $N \approx 59$, where rapid changes in nuclear deformation and shape coexistence occur. The lifetimes, determined using the generalized centroid difference method, are compared with interacting boson-fermion model calculations with configuration mixing, in which the odd-$A$ yttrium isotopes are described as a proton coupled to a bosonic core containing normal and intruder configurations. The results provide new constraints on theoretical descriptions of shape coexistence and structural evolution in neutron-rich nuclei near $A \approx 100$, particularly for odd-$A$ systems where experimental information remains limited.

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Geometry of Configuration Mixing in Bose-Fermi Systems

A geometric interpretation for an algebraic interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing is presented. The formalism is based on an extended Bose-Fermi matrix coherent states and is applied to gain insight on intertwined quantum shape-phase transitions and shape coexistence in odd-mass Nb nuclei.

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Vibrational structure and symmetry in $^{110-116}$Cd

We show that a vibrational interpretation and good U(5) symmetry are maintained for the majority of low-lying normal states in $^{110,112,114,116}$Cd isotopes, consistent with the empirical data. The observed deviations from this paradigm are properly treated by an interacting boson model Hamiltonian which breaks the U(5) symmetry in selected non-yrast states, while securing a weak mixing with coexisting SO(6)-like intruder states. The results demonstrate the relevance of the U(5) partial dynamical symmetry notion to this series of isotopes.

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Shape Coexistence in $^{94}$Zr from a Model-Independent Analysis

Low-lying states of $^{94}$Zr were investigated via low-energy multi-step Coulomb excitation. From the measured $\gamma$-ray yields, \textcolor{black}{16} reduced \textcolor{black}{E2} transition probabilities between low-spin states were determined, together with the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the $2_{1,2}^+$ states. Based on this information, for the first time in the Zr isotopic chain, the shapes of the $0_{1,2}^+$ states including their deformation softness were inferred in a model-independent way using the quadrupole sum rules approach. The ground state of $^{94}$Zr possesses a rather diffuse shape associated with a spherical configuration, while the $0_2^+$ state is \textcolor{black}{triaxial tending towards} oblate and more strongly deformed. {\color{black}The observed features of shape coexistence in $^{94}$Zr are consistent with both Monte-Carlo shell-model predictions and IBM-CM calculations, and provide model-independent constraints on the shape character assigned in the IBM-CM to the intruder configuration in $^{92\text{--}96}$Zr.}

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Intertwined quantum phase transitions in the zirconium and niobium isotopes

Nuclei in the $A\approx100$ region exhibit intricate shape-evolution and configuration crossing signatures. Exploring both even-even and their adjacent odd-mass nuclei gives further insight on the emergence of deformation and shape-phase transitions. We employ the algebraic frameworks of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing and the new interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing in order to investigate the even-even zirconium with neutron number 52-70 ($^{40}$Zr) and odd-mass niobium ($_{41}$Nb) isotopes with 52-62. We compare between the evolution in energy levels, configuration and symmetry content of the wave functions, two neutron separation energies and $E2$ transition rates. The comparisons between the two chains of isotopes denote the occurrence of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs) in both chains. Such a situation occurs when two configurations, normal and intruder, cross through the critical point of a Type II quantum phase transition (QPT), and the intruder configuration undergoes on its own a Type I shape-evolution QPT from a spherical shape (weak coupling scenario) to axially deformed rotor (strong coupling scenario) in the Zr (Nb) isotopes.

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Intertwined quantum phase transitions in odd-mass Nb isotopes

A detailed analysis of odd-mass Nb isotopes, in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing, discloses the effects of an abrupt crossing of states in normal and intruder configurations (Type~II QPT), on top of which superimposed a gradual evolution from spherical- to deformed-core shapes within the intruder configuration (Type~I QPT). The pronounced presence of both types of QPTs demonstrates, for the first time, the occurrence of intertwined QPTs in odd-mass nuclei.

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Persistent vibrational structure in $^{110-116}$Cd

The empirical spectra and $E2$ decay rates in $^{110,112,114,116}$Cd are shown to be consistent with a vibrational interpretation for low-lying normal states, coexisting with a single deformed $γ$-soft band of intruder states. The observed deviations from this paradigm show up in particular non-yrast states, which are properly described by a Hamiltonian with U(5) partial dynamical symmetry. The latter is characterized by a good (broken) symmetry in most (in selected) normal states, weakly coupled to intruder states.

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Configuration mixing and intertwined quantum phase transitions in odd-mass niobium isotopes

Nuclei in the $Z\!\approx\!40,N\!\approx\!60$ region have one of the most complicated structural evolution across the nuclear chart, with coexisting shapes arising from different mixed configurations. In such a region, it is difficult to investigate odd-mass nuclei. In this paper a new algebraic framework is introduced, the interacting boson-fermion model with configuration mixing. Using this framework, with a boson core and a proton in the $1f_{5/2},2p_{3/2},2p_{1/2},1g_{9/2}$ orbits, a calculation is carried out to understand the structural evolution of the odd-mass niobium isotopes $(Z=41)$ with neutron number 52-62. The calculated results are compared to energy levels, two neutron separation energies, $E2$ and $M1$ transition rates, and to quadrupole and magnetic moments. The detailed analysis discloses the effects of an abrupt crossing of states between normal and intruder configurations (Type II QPT), which is accompanied by a gradual evolution from spherical- to deformed-core shapes within the intruder configuration (Type I QPT), where both types of QPTs occur around the critical point of neutron number 60. The identification of both types of QPTs in the same chain of isotopes provides an empirical manifestation of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs) in odd-mass nuclei and the relevance of IQPTs to the niobium chain.

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An algebraic approach to intertwined quantum phase transitions in the Zr isotopes

The algebraic framework of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing is employed to demonstrate the occurrence of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs) in the $_{40}$Zr isotopes with neutron number 52-70. The detailed quantum and classical analyses reveal a QPT of crossing normal and intruder configurations superimposed on a QPT of the intruder configuration from U(5) to SU(3) and a crossover from SU(3) to SO(6) dynamical symmetries.

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Zr Isotopes as a region of intertwined quantum phase transitions

The zirconium isotopes with $A=$ 92$-$110 have one of the most complicated evolution of structure in the nuclear chart. In order to understand the structural evolution of these isotopes, we carry a detailed calculation in a definite symmetry-based framework, the interacting boson model with configuration mixing (IBM-CM). We compare our calculation to a large range of experimental data, such as energy levels, two neutron separation energies, $E2$ and $E0$ transition rates, isotope shifts and magnetic moments. The structural evolution of the low lying spectra of these isotopes is explained using the notion of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs), for which a QPT involving a crossing of two configurations (Type II) is accompanied by a QPT involving a shape evolution of each configuration separately (Type I). In our study, we find the occurrence of Type I QPT within the intruder configuration, changing from weakly deformed to prolate deformed and finally to $γ$-unstable, associated with the U(5), SU(3) and SO(6) dynamical symmetry limits of the IBM, respectively. Alongside the Type I QPT, we also find the occurrence of Type II QPT between the normal and intruder configurations, where both Types I and II have a critical-point near $A\approx100$. The good agreement of our calculation with the vast empirical data along the chain of isotopes demonstrates the relevance of IQPTs to the zirconium isotopes, and can serve as a case study to set path for new investigations of IQPTs in other nuclei and other physical systems.

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Linking partial dynamical symmetry to nuclear energy density functionals

We use self-consistent mean-field methods in combination with the interacting boson model (IBM) of nuclei, to establish a linkage between universal energy density functionals (EDFs) and partial dynamical symmetry (PDS). An application to $^{168}$Er shows that IBM Hamiltonians derived microscopically from known nonrelativistic and relativistic EDFs in this region, conform with SU(3)-PDS.

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Partial dynamical symmetry from energy density functionals

We show that the notion of partial dynamical symmetry is robust and founded on a microscopic many-body theory of nuclei. Based on the universal energy density functional framework, a general quantal boson Hamiltonian is derived and shown to have essentially the same spectroscopic character as that predicted by the partial SU(3) symmetry. The principal conclusion holds in two representative classes of energy density functionals: nonrelativistic and relativistic. The analysis is illustrated in application to the axially-deformed nucleus $^{168}$Er.

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Tests of collectivity in $^{98}$Zr by absolute transition rates

Lifetimes of low-spin excited states in $^{98}$Zr were measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique and the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The nucleus of interest was populated in a $^{96}$Zr($^{18}$O,$^{16}$O)$^{98}$Zr two-neutron transfer reaction at the Cologne FN Tandem accelerator. Lifetimes of six low-spin excited states, of which four are unknown, were measured. The deduced $B(E2)$ values were compared with Monte Carlo shell model and interacting boson model with configuration mixing calculations. Both approaches reproduce well most of the data but leave challenging questions regarding the structure of some low lying states.

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Quantum catastrophes from an algebraic perspective

We study the properties of quantum cusp and butterfly catastrophes from an algebraic viewpoint. The analysis employs an interacting boson model Hamiltonian describing quantum phase transitions between specific quadrupole shapes by interpolating between two incompatible dynamical symmetry limits. The classical properties are determined by using coherent states to construct the complete phase diagrams associated with Landau potentials exhibiting such catastrophes.The quantum properties are determined by analyzing the spectra, transition rates and symmetry character of the eigenstates of critical Hamiltonians.

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Interplay between shape-phase transitions and shape coexistence in the Zr isotopes

We investigate the evolution of structure in the zirconium isotopes where one of the most complex situations encountered in nuclear physics occurs. We demonstrate the role of two concurrent types of quantum phase transitions, sharing a common critical point. The first type, involves an abrupt crossing of coexisting normal and intruder configurations. The second type, involves a gradual shape-phase transition within the intruder configuration, changing from weakly-deformed to prolate-deformed and finally to gamma-unstable. Evidence for this scenario is provided by a detailed comparison with experimental data, using a definite algebraic framework.

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Multiple quantum phase transitions in the Zr isotopes

We present a detailed analysis of spectra and other observables for the entire chain of Zr isotopes, from neutron number 52 to 70, in the framework of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing. The results suggest a remarkable interplay of multiple quantum phase transitions (QPTs). One type of QPT involves an abrupt crossing of normal and intruder configurations, superimposed on a second type of QPT involving gradual shape-changes within each configuration.

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Intertwined quantum phase transitions in the Zr chain

We introduce the notion of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs), for which a crossing of two configurations coexists with a pronounced shape-evolution of each configuration. A detailed analysis in the framework of the interacting boson model with configuration mixing, provides evidence for this scenario in the Zr isotopes. The latter exhibit a normal configuration which remains spherical along the chain, but exchanges roles with an intruder configuration, which undergoes first a spherical to prolate-deformed [U(5)$\to$SU(3)] QPT and then a crossover to $γ$-unstable [SU(3)$\to$SO(6)].

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Intertwined Quantum Phase Transitions in the Zr Isotopes

We explore the situation of intertwined quantum phase transitions (IQPTs), for which a QPT involving a crossing of two configurations is accompanied by a shape evolution of each configuration with its own separate QPT. We demonstrate the relevance of IQPTs to the Zr isotopes, with such coexisting Type I and Type II QPTs, and ground state shapes changing from spherical to prolate axially deformed and finally to gamma-unstable. Evidence for this scenario is provided by a detailed comparison with experimental data, using a definite symmetry-based conceptual framework.

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