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N. M. Ivanova

Publications and source records attributed to N. M. Ivanova.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

Degenerations of 3-dimensional nilpotent associative algebras over an algebraically closed field

We determine the complete degeneration picture inside the variety of nilpotent associative algebras of dimension 3 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to 2. Comparing with the discussion in [Ivanova N.M. and Pallikaros C.A., Degenerations of complex associative algebras of dimension three via Lie and Jordan algebras, {\it Advances in Group Theory and Applications}, 18 (2024), 41-79], for some of the arguments in the present article we needed to develop alternative techniques which are now valid over an arbitrary algebraically closed field. There is a dichotomy of cases concerning the results obtained, corresponding to whether the characteristic of the field is 2 or not.

math.RA↗
arXiv2022

Degenerations of complex associative algebras of dimension three via Lie and Jordan algebras

Let $\boldsymbolΛ_3(\mathbb C)\,(=\mathbb C^{27})$ be the space of structure vectors of $3$-dimensional algebras over $\mathbb C$ considered as a $G$-module via the action of $G={\rm GL}(3,\mathbb C)$ on $\boldsymbolΛ_3(\mathbb C)$ `by change of basis'. We determine the complete degeneration picture inside the algebraic subset $\mathcal A^s_3$ of $\boldsymbolΛ_3(\mathbb C)$ consisting of associative algebra structures via the corresponding information on the algebraic subsets $\mathcal L_3$ and $\mathcal J_3$ of $\boldsymbolΛ_3(\mathbb C)$ of Lie and Jordan algebra structures respectively. This is achieved with the help of certain $G$-module endomorphisms $ϕ_1$, $ϕ_2$ of $\boldsymbolΛ_3(\mathbb C)$ which map $\mathcal A^s_3$ onto algebraic subsets of $\mathcal L_3$ and $\mathcal J_3$ respectively.

math.RA↗
arXiv2017

Describing certain Lie algebra orbits via polynomial equations

Let $\mathfrak{h}_3$ be the Heisenberg algebra and let $\mathfrak g$ be the 3-dimensional Lie algebra having $[e_1,e_2]=e_1\,(=-[e_2,e_1])$ as its only non-zero commutation relations. We describe the closure of the orbit of a vector of structure constants corresponding to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ respectively as an algebraic set giving in each case a set of polynomials for which the orbit closure is the set of common zeros. Working over an arbitrary infinite field, this description enables us to give an alternative way, using the definition of an irreducible algebraic set, of obtaining all degenerations of $\mathfrak{h}_3$ and $\mathfrak g$ (the degeneration from $\mathfrak g$ to $\mathfrak{h}_3$ being one of them).

math-ph↗
arXiv2014

Solutions and reductions for radiative energy transport in laser-heated plasma

A full symmetry classification is given for models of energy transport in radiant plasma when the mass density is spatially variable and the diffusivity is nonlinear. A systematic search for conservation laws also leads to some potential symmetries, and to an integrable nonlinear model. Classical point symmetries, potential symmetries and nonclassical symmetries are used to effect variable reductions and exact solutions. The simplest time-dependent solution is shown to be stable, and relevant to a closed system.

math-ph↗
arXiv2010

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations. I. Enhanced Group Classification

We discuss the classical statement of group classification problem and some its extensions in the general case. After that, we carry out the complete extended group classification for a class of (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion--convection equations with coefficients depending on the space variable. At first, we construct the usual equivalence group and the extended one including transformations which are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. The extended equivalence group has interesting structure since it contains a non-trivial subgroup of non-local gauge equivalence transformations. The complete group classification of the class under consideration is carried out with respect to the extended equivalence group and with respect to the set of all point transformations. Usage of extended equivalence and correct choice of gauges of arbitrary elements play the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results. The set of admissible transformations of this class is preliminary investigated.

math-ph↗
arXiv2008

Construction of potential systems for systems of PDEs with multi-dimensional spaces of conservation laws

In this paper we consider generalization of procedure of construction of potential systems for systems of partial differential equations with multidimensional spaces of conservation laws. More precisely, for construction of potential systems in cases when dimension of the space of local conservation laws is greater than one, instead of using only basis conservation laws we use their arbitrary linear combinations being inequivalent with respect to equivalence group of the class of systems or symmetry group of the fixed system. It appears that the basis conservation laws can be equivalent with respect to groups of symmetry or equivalence transformations, or vice versa, the number of independent in this sense linear combinations of conservation laws can be grater than the dimension of the space of conservation laws. The first possibility leads to an unnecessary, often cumbersome, investigation of equivalent systems, the second one makes possible missing a great number of inequivalent potential systems. Examples of all these possibilities are given.

math-ph↗
arXiv2008

Conservation laws and hierarchies of potential symmetries for certain diffusion equations

We show that the so-called hidden potential symmetries considered in a recent paper [Gandarias M., Physica A, 2008, V.387, 2234-2242] are ordinary potential symmetries that can be obtained using the method introduced by Bluman and collaborators. In fact, these are simplest potential symmetries associated with potential systems which are constructed with single conservation laws having no constant characteristics. Furthermore we classify the conservation laws for classes of porous medium equations and then using the corresponding conserved (potential) systems we search for potential symmetries. This is the approach one needs to adopt in order to determine the complete list of potential symmetries. The provenance of potential symmetries is explained for the porous medium equations by using potential equivalence transformations. Point and potential equivalence transformations are also applied to deriving new results on potential symmetries and corresponding invariant solutions from known ones. In particular, in this way the potential systems, potential conservation laws and potential symmetries of linearizable equations from the classes of differential equations under consideration are exhaustively described. Infinite series of infinite-dimensional algebras of potential symmetries are constructed for such equations.

math-ph↗
arXiv2007

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations. IV. Potential Symmetries

This paper completes investigation of symmetry properties of nonlinear variable coefficient diffusion-convection equations of the form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$. Potential symmetries of equations from the considered class are found and the connection of them with Lie symmetries of diffusion-type equations is shown. Exact solutions of the Fujita--Storm equation $u_t=(u^{-2}u_x)_x$ are constructed.

math-ph↗
arXiv2007

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations. II. Contractions and Exact Solutions

This is the second part of the series of papers on symmetry properties of a class of variable coefficient (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion-convection equations of general form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$. At first, we review the results of Part 1 of the series on equivalence transformations and group classification of the class under consideration. Investigation of non-trivial limits of parameterized subclasses of equations from the given class, which generate contractions of the corresponding maximal Lie invariance algebras, leads to the natural notion of contractions of systems of differential equations. After a brief discussion on contractions of symmetries, equations and solutions in general case, such types of contractions are studied for diffusion--convection equations. A detailed symmetry analysis of an interesting equation from the class under consideration is performed. Exact solutions of some subclasses of the considered class are also given.

math-ph↗
arXiv2007

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion--Convection Equations. III. Conservation Laws

The notions of generating sets of conservation laws of systems of differential equations with respect to symmetry groups and equivalence groups are introduced and applied. This allows us to generalize essentially the procedure of finding potential symmetries for the systems with multidimensional spaces of conservation laws. A class of variable coefficient (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion-convection equations of general form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$ is investigated. Using the most direct method, we carry out two classifications of local conservation laws up to equivalence relations generated by both usual and enhanced equivalence groups. Equivalence with respect to $\hat G^{\sim}$ and correct choice of gauge coefficients of equations play the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results. The notion of contractions of conservation laws and one of characteristics of conservation laws are introduced and contractions of conservation laws of diffusion-convection equations are found.

math-ph↗
arXiv2005

Conservation Laws of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations

We study local conservation laws of variable coefficient diffusion-convection equations of the form $f(x)u_t=(g(x)A(u)u_x)_x+h(x)B(u)u_x$. The main tool of our investigation is the notion of equivalence of conservation laws with respect to the equivalence groups. That is why, for the class under consideration we first construct the usual equivalence group $G^{\sim}$ and the extended one $\hat G^{\sim}$ including transformations which are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. The extended equivalence group $\hat G^{\sim}$ has interesting structure since it contains a non-trivial subgroup of gauge equivalence transformations. Then, using the most direct method, we carry out two classifications of local conservation laws up to equivalence relations generated by $G^{\sim}$ and $\hat G^{\sim}$, respectively. Equivalence with respect to $\hat G^{\sim}$ plays the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results.

math-ph↗