Real-time thermal self-energies: In the variational bases and spaces
In this work, we introduce a systematic study for studying the scalar propagator and tadpole self-energy by considering an arbitrary parameter $σ$ that allows for a path integral description in real-time formalism (RTF). The closed time path formalism (CTP) and Thermofield Dynamics (TFD) are two popular choices for the parameter $σ$ in the Feynman rules. We have constructed a scalar propagator and a tadpole self-energy in two different bases in the momentum space as well as the mixed space. The results show that the diagonal components of self-energy in both spaces for the 1/2 basis are the same in both approaches within RTF, whereas the other off-diagonal components of self-energy are different because they depend on the path parameter. On the other hand, the diagonal components of self-energy in both spaces for the new basis are not the same in both approaches within RTF, whereas the off-diagonal components of self-energy are vanishing. That means the new basis allows one to reduce the components for the quantities studied, like self-energy or other.