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N. N. Nikolaev

Publications and source records attributed to N. N. Nikolaev.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

High Density QCD, Saturation and Diffractive DIS

We review a consistent description of the fusion and saturation of partons in the Lorentz-contracted ultrarelativistic nuclei in terms of a nuclear attenuation of color dipole states of the photon and collective Weizsäcker-Williams (WW) gluon structure function of a nucleus. Diffractive DIS provides a basis for the definition of the WW nuclear glue. The point that all observables for DIS off nuclei are uniquely calculable in terms of the nuclear WW glue amounts to a new form of factorization in the saturation regime.

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Spontaneously Broken Chiral Symmetry and Hard QCD Phenomena

These are the mini-proceedings of the workshop ``Spontaneously Broken Chiral Symmetry and Hard QCD Phenomena" held at the Physikzentrum Bad Honnef from July 15 to 19, 2002. Every author presents a summary of his talk. The transparencies of all speakers and further information on the workshop can be found on the website: http://www.tp2.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/hardreactions.html

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High Density QCD and Saturation of Nuclear Partons

We review the recent finding of the two-plateau momentum distribution of sea quarks in deep inelastic scattering off nuclei in the saturation regime. The diffractive plateau which dominates for small $\bp$ measures precisely the momentum distribution of quarks in the beam photon, the rôle of the nucleus is simply to provide an opacity. The plateau for truly inelastic DIS exhibits a substantial nuclear broadening of the momentum distribution. Despite this nuclear broadening, the observed final state and initial state sea quark densities do coincide exactly. We emphasize how the saturated sea is generated from the nuclear-diluted Weizsäcker-Williams because of the anti-collinear splitting of gluons into sea quarks.

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Saturation of Nuclear Partons: the Fermi Statistics or Nuclear Opacity?

We derive the two-plateau momentum distribution of final state (FS) quarks produced in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) off nuclei in the saturation regime. The diffractive plateau which dominates for small transverse momentum p measures precisely the momentum distribution of quarks in the beam photon, the role of the nucleus is simply to provide an opacity. The plateau for truly inelastic DIS exhibits a substantial nuclear broadening of the FS momentum distribution. We discuss the relationship between the FS quark densities and the properly defined initial state (IS) nuclear quark densities.The Weizsäcker-Williams glue of a nucleus exhibits a substantial nuclear dilution, still soft IS nuclear sea saturates because of the anti-collinear splitting of gluons into sea quarks.

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Diffractive Hard Dijets and Nuclear Parton Distributions

Diffraction plays an exceptional role in DIS off heavy nuclei. First, diffraction into hard dijets is an unique probe of the unintegrated glue in the target. Second, because diffraction makes 50 per cent of total DIS off a heavy target, understanding diffraction in a saturation regime is crucial for a definition of saturated nuclear parton densities. After brief comments on the Nikolaev-Zakharov (NZ) pomeron-splitting mechanism for diffractive hard dijet production, I review an extension of the Nikolaev-Schafer-Schwiete (NSS) analysis of diffractive dijet production off nuclei to the definition of nuclear partons in the saturation regime. I emphasize the importance of intranuclear final state interactions for the parton momentum distributions.

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Diffractive Vector Meson Production in k_t-Factorization Approach

We describe the current status of the diffractive vector meson production calculations within the k_t-factorization approach. Since the amplitude of the vector meson production off a proton is expressed via the differential gluon structure function (DGSF), we take a closer look at the latter and present results of our new improved determination of the DGSF from the structure function F_2p. Having determined the differential glue, we proceed to the k_t-factorization results for the production of various vector mesons. We argue that the properties of the vector meson production can reveal the internal spin-angular and radial structure of the vector meson.

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Multiple lepton pair production in relativistic ion collisions

We apply the Sudakov technique to description of the multiple production of lepton pairs in peripheral collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy ions. For heavy ions with $Z_1α\sim Z_2α\ll 1$ one needs a careful treatment of the multiple Coulomb exchange between colliding ions and screening effects, whereas interaction of real or virtual lepton pairs with colliding ions can be neglected. We demonstrate that while the inclusive spectra are modified by multiple Coulomb exchange between the colliding ions, the Coulomb corrections to the momentum integrated multiplicity distributions do vanish. After transformation to the impact parameter representation the probability of $n$ lepton pair production is shown to obey the Poisson distribution. The relevant cross section is obtained.

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The lepton pair production in heavy ion collisions in perturbation theory

We derive the first terms in the amplitude of lepton pair production in the Coulomb fields of two relativistic heavy ions. Using the Sudakov technique, which very simplify the calculations in momentum space for the processes at high energies, we get the compact analytical expressions for differential cross section of the process under consideration in the lowest order in fine structure constant (Born approximation) valid for any momentum transfer and in a wide kinematics region for produced particles. Exploiting the same technique we consider the next terms of perturbation series (up to fourth order in fine structure constant) and investigate their energy dependence and limiting cases. It has been shown that taking in account all relevant terms in corresponding order one obtains the expressions which are gauge invariant and finite. We estimate the contribution of the Coulomb corrections to the total cross section and discuss the cancellations of the different terms which holds in the total cross section.

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From soft to hard regime in elastic pion-pion scattering above resonances

We discuss the onset of the dominance of the Glauber-Gribov-Landshoff (GGL) component of pQCD hard two-gluon (2G) exchange contribution to hard elastic $ππ$ scattering at moderate energies . Such a hard $ππ$ scattering could via final state interaction on the $γγ\to π^+ π^-$ reaction in which pQCD quark-exchange contribution is known to be short of strength. While in the nonrelativistic approximation the GGL amplitude is known to be free of suppression by the pion form factor, we show that in the relativistic light-cone approach it acquires a residual, albeit a weak, suppression. Furthermore,z the same mechanism it is free of the end-point contributions. We evaluation the GGL amplitude with a model light-cone wave function consistent with the pion charge form factor data. The soft contribution to elastic $ππ$ scattering is estimated based on the $NN$ and $πN$ total cross section data and Regge factorization, which gives the $ππ$ total cross sections consistent with the ones deduced earlier from the absorption model analysis of the $πN \to X N, X Δ$ data. We evaluate the large-$|t|$ tail of the soft amplitude within the Regge absorption models. We find that while in the same sign $π^\pmπ^\pm$ scattering the hard GGL mechanism takes over at $|t|\gsim$ 3 GeV$^{-2}$, in the opposite-sign $π^\pmπ^\mp$ scattering the hard GGL mechanism $|t|\lsim$ 4 GeV$^{-2}$.

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Predicitions for high-energy real and virtual photon-photon scattering from color dipole BFKL-Regge factorization

High-energy virtual photon-virtual photon scattering can be viewed as interaction of small size color dipoles from the beam and target photons, which makes $γ^{*}γ^{*}, γ^{*}γ$ scattering at high energies (LEP, LEP200 & NLC) an indispensable probe of short distance properties of the QCD pomeron exchange. Based on the color dipole representation, we investigate consequences for the $γ^{*}γ^{*},γ^{*}γ$ scattering of the incorporation of asymptotic freedom into the BFKL equation which makes the QCD pomeron a series of isolated poles in the angular momentum plane. The emerging color dipole BFKL-Regge factorization allows us to relate in a model-independent way the contributions of each BFKL pole to $γ^{*}γ^{*},γ^{*} γ$ scattering and DIS off protons. Numerical predictions based on our early works on color dipole BFKL phenomenology of DIS on protons are in a good agreement with the experimental data on the photon structure function $F_{2γ}$ and most recent data on the $γ^*γ^*$ cross section $σ^{γ^*γ^*}(Y)$ from OPAL and L3 experiments at LEP200. We discuss the role of non-perturbative dynamics and predict pronounced effect of the Regge-factorization breaking due to large unfactorizable non-perturbative corrections to the perturbative vacuum exchange. We comment on the salient features of the BFKL-Regge expansion for $γ^{*}γ^{*},γ^{*}γ$ scattering including the issue of decoupling of subleading BFKL poles and the soft plus rightmost hard BFKL pole dominance .

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Diffractive DIS: Where Are We?

A brief review of the modern QCD theory of diffractive DIS is given. The recent progress has been remarkably rapid, all the principal predictions from the color dipole approach to diffraction - the $(Q^2+m_V^2)$ scaling, the pattern of SCHNC, shrinkage of the diffraction cone in hard diffractive DIS, the strong impact of longitudinal gluons in inclusive $J/Ψ$ production at Tevatron -, have been confirmed experimentally.

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Unifying aspects of polarization of vector mesons from hard production in DIS and at Tevatron

Virtual photons have both the transverse and longitudinal polarization. In the inclusive DIS the impact of longitudinal photons, quantified by R=sigmaL/\igmaT sim 0.2, is marginal, but in diffractive DIS with excitation of small mass hadronic states or exclusive diffraction into vector mesons, QCD predicts R >> 1 in agreement with the experiment. After a brief review of the modern status of QCD theory of diffractive vector meson production I argue that longitudinally polarized gluons give rise to a large longitudinal polarization of the prompt JPsi and Psiprim observed at the Tevatron.

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How open charm production and scaling violations probe the rightmost hard BFKL pole exchange

In 1994 Zakharov and the present authors argued that in color dipole (CD) BFKL approach to DIS excitation of open charm at moderately large Q2 is dominated by hard BFKL exchange. In view of the rapid accumulation of the experimental data on small-x charm structure function of the proton F2cc from HERA, we subject the issue of dominance of the rightmost hard BFKL pole exchange to further scrutiny. Based on CD BFKL-Regge factorization we report parameter-free predictions for the charm structure function F2cc and show that the background to the dominant rightmost hard BFKL exchange from subleading hard BFKL and soft-pomeron exchanges is negligible small from real photo-production to DIS at Q2 lsim 50-100 GeV2. The agreement with the experiment is good and lends strong support for the intercept of the rightmost hard BFKL pole DeltaPom=alphaPom-1=0.4 as found in 1994 in the color dipole approach. We comment on the related determination of DeltaPom from the x-dependence of the longitudinal structure function FL(x,Q2) and of the scaling violation dF2/dlog Q2 taken at a suitable value of Q2. \

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Mapping the proton unintegrated gluon distribution in dijets correlations in real and virtual photoproduction at HERA

We discuss how the dijet azimuthal correlations in DIS and real photoproduction at HERA probe the differential (unintegrated) gluon distribution in the proton. We find a strong dependence of the azimuthal correlation pattern on Bjorken-$x$, photon virtuality and the cut on the jet transverse momenta. A rise of the azimuthal decorrelations is observed with decreasing Bjorken-x due to the interplay of perturbative and nonperturbative effects. We predict a strong rise of the same-side jet rate with photon energy for real photoproduction. We discuss conditions for the correlation function to be dominated by hard perturbative gluons and ways of constraining the size of the nonperturbative soft component. We make some predictions for the THERA energy range. The analysis of the energy dependence of the isolated jet and two-jet cross sections in photoproduction would be a new way to study the not yet well constrained unintegrated gluon distributions and to explore the onset of the pQCD regime.

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Diffractive Vector Mesons in DIS: Meson Structure and QCD

I review the modern status of QCD theory of diffractive vector meson production with the focus on shrinkage of photons with Q2 and (Q2+mV2)$scaling, j-plane properties of the QCD pomeron and Regge shrinkage of diffraction cone, $s$-channel helicity non-conservation and sensitivity to spin-orbital properties of vector mesons.

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