arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N. S. Mankoc Borstnik.
The contribution contains the preface to the Proceedings to the 14th Workshop What Comes Beyond the Standard Models, Bled, July 11 - 21, 2011, published in Bled workshops in physics, Vol.12, No. 2, DMFA-Zaloznistvo, Ljubljana, Dec. 2011, and links to the published contributions.
In theories of the Kaluza-Klein kind there are spins or total angular moments in higher dimensions which manifest as charges in the observable $d=(3+1)$. The charge conjugation requirement, if following the prescription in ($3+1$), would transform any particle state out of the Dirac sea into the hole in the Dirac sea, which manifests as an anti-particle having all the spin degrees of freedom in $d$, except $S^{03}$, the same as the corresponding particle state. This is in contradiction with what we observe for the anti-particle. In this paper we redefine the discrete symmetries so that we stay within the subgroups of the starting group of symmetries, while we require that the angular moments in higher dimensions manifest as charges in $d=(3+1)$. We pay attention on spaces with even $d$.
Massless solutions for four coupled first order differential equations for functions representing families of spinors on the infinite disc curled into an almost $S^2$ are presented and normalizability conditions discussed. Spinors interact with two kinds of spin connection fields of particular coordinate dependence. This is the solution of equations of motion used in "Families of spinors in $d=(1+5)$ with zweibein and two kinds of spin connection fields on an almost $S^2$".
We studied (arxiv: 1001.4679, 1205.1714) properties of spinors in a toy model in $d=(1+5)$ as a step towards realistic Kaluza-Klein (like) theories in non compact spaces. ${\cal M}^{(5+1)}$ was assumed to break to an infinite disc with a zweibein which makes a disc curved on $S^2$ and with a spin connection field which allows on such a sphere only one massless spinor state. This time we are taking into account families of spinors interacting with several spin connection fields, as required for this toy model by the spin-charge-family theory We are studying possible masslesness of families of spinors: Spinors regroup into subgroups of an even number of families.
In the paper of Lukman, Mankoc Borstnik, Nielsen (NJP 13 (2011) 103027) one step towards the realistic Kaluza-Klein[like] theories was made by presenting the case of a spinor in $d=(1+5)$ compactified on an (formally) infinite disc with the zweibein which makes a disc curved on an almost $S^2$ and with the spin connection field which allows on such a sphere only one massless spinor state of a particular charge, coupling the spinor chirally to the corresponding Kaluza-Klein gauge field. The solutions for the massless spinor state were found for a range of spin connection fields, as well as the massive ones for a particular choice of the spin connection field. In this paper we present the massless and massive spinor states for the whole range of parameters of the spin connection field, which allow only one massless solution.
The {\it theory unifying spin and charges and predicting families}, proposed by N.S.M.B., predicts at the low energy regime two (in the mixing matrix elements decoupled) groups of four families. There are two kinds of contributions to mass matrices in this theory. One kind distinguishes on the tree level only among the members of one family, that is among the $u$-quark, $d$-quark, neutrino and electron, the left and right handed, while the other kind distinguishes only among the families. Mass matrices for $d$-quarks and electrons are on the tree level correspondingly strongly correlated and so are mass matrices for $u$-quarks and neutrinos, up to the term, the Majorana term, which is nonzero only for right handed neutrinos. Beyond the tree level both kinds of contributions start to contribute coherently and it is expected that a detailed study of properties of mass matrices beyond the tree level explains drastic differences in masses and mixing matrices between quarks and leptons. We report in this paper on analysis of one loop corrections to the tree level fermion masses and mixing matrices. Loop diagrams are mediated by the gauge bosons and the two kinds of scalar fields. A detailed numerical analysis of fermion masses and mixing, including neutrinos, within this scenario is in progress and preparation.
One step towards realistic Kaluza-Klein[like] theories and a loop hole through the Witten's "no-go theorem" is presented for cases which we call an effective two dimensionality cases: In $d=2$ the equations of motion following from the action with the linear curvature leave spin connections and zweibeins undetermined. We present the case of a spinor in $d=(1+5)$ compactified on a formally infinite disc with the zweibein which makes a disc curved on an almost $S^2$ and with the spin connection field which allows on such a sphere only one massless normalizable spinor state of a particular charge, which couples the spinor chirally to the corresponding Kaluza-Klein gauge field. We assume no external gauge fields. The masslessness of a spinor is achieved by the choice of a spin connection field (which breaks parity), the zweibein and the normalizability condition for spinor states, which guarantee a discrete spectrum forming the complete basis. We discuss the meaning of the hole, which manifests the noncompactness of the space.
1. Noncommutativity and Topology within Lattice Field Theories 2. The Construction of Quantum Field Operators 3. The Bargmann-Wigner Formalism for Spin 2 Fields 4. New Light on Dark Matter from the LHC 5. Extra Dimensional Metric Reversal Symmetry and its Prospect... 6. Masses and Mixing Matrices of Families within SU(3) Flavor Symmetry ... 7. Dark Atoms of the Universe: OHe Nuclear Physics, 8. Can the Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry be Easier to Understand Within the "Spin-charge-family-theory", .. 9. Mass Matrices of Twice Four Families of Quarks and Leptons, ...in the "Spin-charge-family-theory" 10. Bohmian Quantum Mechanics or What Comes Before the Standard Model 11. Backward Causation in Complex Action Model ... 12. Is the Prediction of the "Spin-charge-family-theory" in Disagreement with the XENON100..? 13. Masses and Mixing Matrices of Families of Quarks and Leptons Within the "Spin-charge-family-theory" 14. Can the Stable Fifth Family of the "Spin-charge-family-theory" ...Form the Fifth Antibaryon Clusters with Ordinary He Nucleus? 15. Puzzles of Dark Matter - More Light on Dark Atoms? 16. Families of Spinors in d = (1 + 5)...and Masslessness 17. Are Superheavy Quark Clusters Candidates for the Dark Matter? 18. Complex Action Functioning as Cutoff and De Broglie-Bohm Particle 19. Where does the Science Go? 20. VIA Presentation
This contribution is an attempt to try to understand the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe within the {\it spin-charge-family-theory} if assuming that transitions in non equilibrium processes among instanton vacua and complex phases in mixing matrices are the sources of the matter-antimatter asymmetry, as studied in the literature for several proposed theories. The {\it spin-charge-family-theory} is, namely, very promising in showing the right way beyond the {\it standard model}. It predicts families and their mass matrices, explaining the origin of the charges and of the gauge fields. It predicts that there are, after the universe passes through two $SU(2)\times U(1)$ phase transitions, in which the symmetry breaks from $SO(1,3) \times SU(2) \times SU(2) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ first to $SO(1,3) \times SU(2) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ and then to $SO(1,3) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$, twice decoupled four families. The upper four families gain masses in the first phase transition, while the second four families gain masses at the electroweak break. To these two breaks of symmetries the scalar non Abelian fields, the (superposition of the) gauge fields of the operators generating families, contribute. The lightest of the upper four families is stable (in comparison with the life of the universe) and is therefore a candidate for constituting the dark matter. The heaviest of the lower four families should be seen at the LHC or at somewhat higher energies.
The Approach unifying spin and charges, assuming that all the internal degrees of freedom---the spin, all the charges and the families---originate in $d > (1+3)$ in only two kinds of spins (the Dirac one and the only one existing beside the Dirac one and anticommuting with the Dirac one), is offering a new way in understanding the appearance of the families and the charges (in the case of charges the similarity with the Kaluza-Klein-like theories must be emphasized). A simple starting action in $d >(1+3)$ for gauge fields (the vielbeins and the two kinds of the spin connections) and a spinor (which carries only two kinds of spins and interacts with the corresponding gauge fields) manifests after particular breaks of the starting symmetry the massless four (rather than three) families with the properties as assumed by the Standard model for the three known families, and the additional four massive families. The lowest of these additional four families is stable. A part of the starting action contributes, together with the vielbeins, in the break of the electroweak symmetry manifesting in $d=(1+3)$ the Yukawa couplings (determining the mixing matrices and the masses of the lower four families of fermions and influencing the properties of the higher four families) and the scalar field, which determines the masses of the gauge fields. The fourth family might be seen at the LHC, while the stable fifth family might be what is observed as the dark matter.
Contents: 1. Likelihood Analysis of the Next-to-minimal Supergravity Motivated Model (C. Balazs and D. Carter) 2. The Multiple Point Principle: Characterization of the Possible Phases for the SMG (D.L. Bennett) 3. Does Dark Matter Consist of Baryons of New Stable Family Quarks? (G. Bregar and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 4. P, C and T for Truly Neutral Particles (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 5. Relativistic Equations for Spin Particles: What Can We Learn From Noncommutativity? (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 6. Radiative Charged Fermion Masses and Quark Mixing (VCKM)4x4 in a SU(3) Gauged Flavor Symmetry Model (A. Hernandez-Galeana) 7. Low Energy Binding of Composite Dark Matter with Nuclei as a Solution for the Puzzles of Dark Matter Searches (M.Yu. Khlopov, A.G. Mayorov and E.Yu. Soldatov) 8. On the Possibilities and Impossibilities of Random Dynamics (A. Kleppe) 9. Spin Connection Makes Massless Spinor Chirally Coupled to Kaluza-Klein Gauge Field After Compactification of $M^{1+5}$ to $M^{1+3}$ x Infinite Disc Curved on $S^2$ (D. Lukman, N.S. Mankoc Borstnik and H.B. Nielsen) 10. Offering the Mechanism for Generating Families - the Approach Unifying Spins and Charges Predicts New Families (N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 11. Confusions That are so Unnecessary (R. Mirman) 12. - 17. Discussion Sections 18. Presentation of VIA and Bled 2009 Workshop Videoconferences (M.Yu. Khlopov)
We investigate the possibility that the dark matter consists of clusters of the heavy family quarks and leptons with zero Yukawa couplings to the lower families. Such a family is predicted by the {\it approach unifying spin and charges} as the fifth family. We make a rough estimation of properties of baryons of this new family members, of their behaviour during the evolution of the universe and when scattering on the ordinary matter and study possible limitations on the family properties due to the cosmological and direct experimental evidences.
Contents: 1. Does the Dark Matter Consist of Baryons of New Heavy Stable Family Predicted by the Approach Unifying Spins and Charges? (G. Bregar and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 2. Lorentz Transformations for a Photon (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 3. Is the Space-Time Non-commutativity Simply Non-commutativity of Derivatives? (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 4. Composite Dark Matter: Solving the Puzzles of Underground Experiments? (M.Yu. Khlopov, A.G. Mayorov and E.Yu. Soldatov) 5. Spin Connection Makes Massless Spinor Chirally Coupled to Kaluza-Klein Gauge Field After Compactification of $M^{1+5}$ to $M^{1+3}$ x Infinite Disc Curved on $S^2$ (D. Lukman, N.S. Mankoc Borstnik and H.B. Nielsen) 6. Some Obvious Matters of Physics That Are Not Obvious (R. Mirman) 7. Discussions on the Puzzles of the Dark Matter Search (Video Conference Participants) 8. Scattering With Very Heavy Fermions (A. Kleppe) 9. Scientific-Educational Complex -- Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics (M.Yu. Khlopov)
We use our Clifford algebra technique, that is nilpotents and projectors which are binomials of the Clifford algebra objects $γ^a$ with the property $\{γ^a,γ^b\}_+ = 2 η^{ab}$, for representing quantum gates and quantum algorithms needed in quantum computers in an elegant way. We identify $n$-qubits with spinor representations of the group SO(1,3) for a system of $n$ spinors. Representations are expressed in terms of products of projectors and nilpotents. An algorithm for extracting a particular information out of a general superposition of $2^n$ qubit states is presented. It reproduces for a particular choice of the initial state the Grover's algorithm.
Contents: 1. Finestructure Constants at the Planck Scale from Multiple Point Principle (D.L.Bennett, L.V. Laperashvili and H.B. Nielsen) 2. Random Dynamics in Starting Levels (D. Bennett, A. Kleppe in H.B. Nielsen), 3. Families of Quarks and Leptons and Their Mass Matrices from the Approach Unifying Spins and Charges: Prediction for the Fourth Family (G. Bregar, M. Breskvar, D. Lukman and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 4. Fermion-Fermion and Boson-Boson Amplitudes: Surprising Similarities (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 5. Antisymmetric Tensor Fields, 4-Vector Fields, Indefinite Metrics and Normalization (V.V. Dvoeglazov) 6. Quantum Gates and Quantum Algorithms with Clifford Algebra Technique (M. Gregoric and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 7. From the Starting Lagrange Density to the Effective Fields for Spinors in the Approach Unifying Spins and Charges (N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 8. New Generations of Particles in the Universe (M.Yu. Khlopov) 9. A Subversive View of Modern 'Physics' (R. Mirman) 10. Mass Spectra are Inherent in Geometry: an Analysis Using the Only Conformal Group Allowing a Universe (R. Mirman) 11. Complex Action, Prearrangement for Future and Higgs Broadening (H.B. Nielsen and M. Ninomiya) 12. Discussion on Dark Matter Candidates from the Approach Unifying Spins and Charges (G. Bregar and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 13. Discussion Section Summary on Dark Matter Particle Properties (M.Yu. Khlopov and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik)
The approach unifying all the internal degrees of freedom--proposed by one of us--is offering a new way of understanding families of quarks and leptons: A part of the starting Lagrange density in d(=1+13), which includes two kinds of spin connection fields--the gauge fields of two types of Clifford algebra objects--transforms the right handed quarks and leptons into the left handed ones manifesting in d=1+3 the Yukawa couplings of the Standard model. We study the influence of the way of breaking symmetries on the Yukawa couplings and estimate properties of the fourth family--the quark masses and the mixing matrix, investigating the possibility that the fourth family of quarks and leptons appears at low enough energies to be observable with the new generation of accelerators.
The genuine Kaluza-Klein-like theories--with no fields in addition to gravity--have difficulties with the existence of massless spinors after the compactification of some space dimensions \cite{witten}. We proposed (Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006)771) such a boundary condition for spinors in 1+5 compactified on a flat disk that ensures masslessness of spinors in d=1+3 as well as their chiral coupling to the corresponding background gauge field (which solves equations of motion for a free field linear in the Riemann curvature). In this paper we study the same toy model: M^{(1+3)} x M^{(2)}, looking this time for an involution which transforms a space of solutions of Weyl equations in d=1+5 from the outside of the flat disk in x^5 and x^6 into its inside, allowing massless spinor of only one handedness--and accordingly assures mass protection--and of one charge--1/2--and infinitely many massive spinors of the same charge, chirally coupled to the corresponding background gauge field. We reformulate the operator of momentum so that it is Hermitean on the vector space of spinor states obeying the involution boundary condition.
Contents: 1. Child Universes in the Laboratory (S. Ansoldi and E.I. Guendelman) 2. Relation between Finestructure Constants at the Planck Scale from Multiple Point Principle (D.L. Bennett, L.V. Laperashvili and H.B. Nielsen) 3. On the Origin of Families of Fermions and Their Mass Matrices -- Approximate Analyses of Properties of Four Families Within Approach Unifying Spins and Charges (M. Breskvar, D. Lukman and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 4. Cosmoparticle Physics: Cross-disciplinary Study of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (M.Yu. Khlopov) 5. Discussion Section on 4th Generation (M.Yu. Khlopov) 6. Involution Requirement on a Boundary Makes Massless Fermions Compactified on a Finite Flat Disk Mass Protected (N.S. Mankoc Borstnik and H.B. Nielsen) 7. How Can Group Theory be Generalized so Perhaps Providing Further Information About Our Universe? (R. Mirman) 8. FutureDependent Initial Conditions from Imaginary Part in Lagrangian (H.B. Nielsen and M. Ninomiya) 9. Coupling Self-tuning to Critical Lines From Highly Compact Extra Dimensions (K. Petrov)