arXiv subjects

N. Sato

Publications and source records attributed to N. Sato.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

A new approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with QED and QCD factorization

We present the details of a new factorized approach to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering which treats QED and QCD radiation on equal footing, and provides a systematically improvable approximation to the extraction of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We demonstrate how the QED contributions can be well approximated by collinear factorization, and illustrate the application of the factorized approach to QED radiation in inclusive scattering. For semi-inclusive processes, we show how radiation effects prevent a well-defined "photon-nucleon" frame, forcing one to use a two-step process to account for the radiation. We illustrate the utility of the new method by explicit application to the spin-dependent Sivers and Collins asymmetries.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Factorized approach to radiative corrections for inelastic lepton-hadron collisions

We propose a factorized approach to QED radiative corrections for inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering to systematically account for QED and QCD radiation contributions to both processes on equal footing. This is achieved by utilizing factorization to resum logarithmically enhanced QED radiation into universal lepton distribution and fragmentation (or jet) functions. Numerical simulations suggest that the QED effects induced by the rotational distortion of the hadron transverse momentum, arising from the mismatch between the experimental Breit frame and the true photon-hadron frame, can be as large as 50\% for moderate $Q$, and become increasingly important for large transverse momenta. Our framework provides a uniform treatment of radiative effects for extracting three-dimensional hadron structure from high-energy lepton-hadron scattering at current and future facilities, such as the Electron-Ion Collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Bayesian Monte Carlo extraction of sea asymmetry with SeaQuest and STAR data

We perform a global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distributions within a Bayesian Monte Carlo framework, including the new $W$-lepton production data from the STAR Collaboration at RHIC and Drell-Yan di-muon data from the SeaQuest experiment at Fermilab. We assess the impact of these two new measurements on the light antiquark sea in the proton, and the $\bar{d}-\bar{u}$ asymmetry in particular. The SeaQuest data are found to significantly reduce the uncertainty on the $\bar{d}/\bar{u}$ ratio at large parton momentum fractions $x$, strongly favoring an enhanced $\bar{d}$ sea up to $x \approx 0.4$, in general agreement with nonperturbative calculations based on chiral symmetry breaking in QCD.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton densities and fragmentation functions

We perform a comprehensive new Monte Carlo analysis of high-energy lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering data to simultaneously determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton and parton to hadron fragmentation functions (FFs). The analysis includes all available semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and single-inclusive $e^+ e^-$ annihilation data for pions, kaons and unidentified charged hadrons, which allows the flavor dependence of the fragmentation functions to be constrained. Employing a new multi-step fitting strategy and more flexible parametrizations for both PDFs and FFs, we assess the impact of different data sets on sea quark densities, and confirm the previously observed suppression of the strange quark distribution. The new fit, which we refer to as "JAM20-SIDIS", will allow for improved studies of universality of parton correlation functions, including transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions, across a wide variety of process, and the matching of collinear to TMD factorization descriptions.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

A survey of machine learning-based physics event generation

Event generators in high-energy nuclear and particle physics play an important role in facilitating studies of particle reactions. We survey the state-of-the-art of machine learning (ML) efforts at building physics event generators. We review ML generative models used in ML-based event generators and their specific challenges, and discuss various approaches of incorporating physics into the ML model designs to overcome these challenges. Finally, we explore some open questions related to super-resolution, fidelity, and extrapolation for physics event generation based on ML technology.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Simulation of electron-proton scattering events by a Feature-Augmented and Transformed Generative Adversarial Network (FAT-GAN)

We apply generative adversarial network (GAN) technology to build an event generator that simulates particle production in electron-proton scattering that is free of theoretical assumptions about underlying particle dynamics. The difficulty of efficiently training a GAN event simulator lies in learning the complicated patterns of the distributions of the particles physical properties. We develop a GAN that selects a set of transformed features from particle momenta that can be generated easily by the generator, and uses these to produce a set of augmented features that improve the sensitivity of the discriminator. The new Feature-Augmented and Transformed GAN (FAT-GAN) is able to faithfully reproduce the distribution of final state electron momenta in inclusive electron scattering, without the need for input derived from domain-based theoretical assumptions. The developed technology can play a significant role in boosting the science of existing and future accelerator facilities, such as the Electron-Ion Collider.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Revisiting quark and gluon polarization in the proton at the EIC

We present a comprehensive impact study of future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) data for parity-conserving and parity-violating polarization asymmetries on quark and gluon helicity distributions in the proton. The study, which is based on the JAM Monte Carlo global QCD analysis framework, explores the role of the extrapolation uncertainty and SU(3) flavor symmetry constraints in the simulated double-spin asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, at small parton momentum fractions $x$ and its effect on the extracted parton polarizations. We find that different assumptions about $A_{LL}$ extrapolations and SU(3) symmetry can have significant consequences for the integrated quark and gluon polarizations, for polarized proton, deuteron and $^3$He beams. For the parity-violating asymmetry, $A_{UL}$, we study the potential impact on the polarized strange quark distribution with different extrapolations of $A_{UL}$, finding the constraining power to be ultimately limited by the EIC machine luminosity.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Glasslike phonon excitation caused by ferroelectric structural instability

Quest for new states of matter near an ordered phase is a promising route for making modern physics forward. By probing thermal properties of a ferroelectric (FE) crystal Ba1-xSrxAl2O4, we have clarified that low-energy excitation of acoustic phonons is remarkably enhanced with critical behavior at the border of the FE phase. The phonon spectrum is significantly damped toward the FE phase boundary and transforms into glasslike phonon excitation which is reminiscent of a boson peak. This system thus links long-standing issues of amorphous solids and structural instability in crystals to pave the way to controlling lattice fluctuation as a new tuning parameter.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2020

Confronting lattice parton distributions with global QCD analysis

We present the first Monte Carlo based global QCD analysis of spin-averaged and spin-dependent parton distribution functions (PDFs) that includes nucleon isovector matrix elements in coordinate space from lattice QCD. We investigate the degree of universality of the extracted PDFs when the lattice and experimental data are treated under the same conditions within the Bayesian likelihood analysis. For the unpolarized sector, we find rather weak constraints from the current lattice data on the phenomenological PDFs, and difficulties in describing the lattice matrix elements at large spatial distances. In contrast, for the polarized PDFs we find good agreement between experiment and lattice data, with the latter providing significant constraints on the spin-dependent isovector quark and antiquark distributions.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

Time refraction of spin waves

We present an experimental study of time refraction of spin waves propagating in microscopic waveguides under the influence of time-varying magnetic fields. Using space- and time-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we demonstrate that the broken translational symmetry along the time coordinate can be used to in- or decrease the energy of spin waves during their propagation. This allows for a broadband and controllable shift of the spin-wave frequency. Using an integrated design of spin-wave waveguide and microscopic current line for the generation of strong, nanosecond-long, magnetic field pulses, a conversion efficiency up to 39% of the carrier spin-wave frequency is achieved, significantly larger compared to photonic systems. Given the strength of the magnetic field pulses and its strong impact on the spin-wave dispersion relation, the effect of time refraction can be quantified on a length scale comparable to the spin-wave wavelength. Furthermore, we utilize time refraction to excite spin-wave bursts with pulse durations in the nanosecond range and a frequency shift depending on the pulse polarity.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2020

Performance evaluation of a silicon strip detector for positrons/electrons from a pulsed a muon beam

A high-intensity pulsed muon beam is becoming available at the at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Many experiments to study fundamental physics using this high-intensity muon beam are proposed. An experiment to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly ($g-2$) and the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) is one of these experiments and it requires a tracking detector for positrons from muon decay. Fine segmentation is required in a detector to tolerate the high rate of positrons. The time resolution is required to be much better than the muon anomalous spin precession period while a buffer depth of a front-end electronics needs to be much longer than the accelerated muon lifetime. Requirements of this detector also meet requirements of a measurement of the muonium hyperfine structure interval at the J-PARC and another experiment to measure the proton charge radius at Tohoku University. We have developed a single-sided silicon strip sensor with a 190 $μ$m pitch, a front-end electronics with a sampling rate of 200 MHz and a buffer memory depth of 8192, and a data acquisition system based on DAQ-Middleware for the J-PARC muon $g-2$/EDM experiment. We have fabricated detector modules consisting of this sensor and the front-end electronics. Performance of fabricated detector modules was evaluated at a laboratory and a beam test using the positron beam at Tohoku University. The detector is confirmed to satisfy all requirements of the experiments except for the time walk, which will be solved by the next version of a front-end electronics.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Time-dependent relaxed magnetohydrodynamics -- inclusion of cross helicity constraint using phase-space action

A new formulation of time-dependent Relaxed Magnetohydrodynamics (RxMHD) is derived variationally from Hamilton's Action Principle using microscopic conservation of mass, and macroscopic conservation of total magnetic helicity, cross helicity and entropy, as the only constraints on variations of density, pressure, fluid velocity, and magnetic vector potential over a relaxation domain. A novel phase-space version of the MHD Lagrangian is derived, which gives Euler--Lagrange equations consistent with previous work on exact ideal and relaxed MHD equilibria with flow, but generalizes the relaxation concept from statics to dynamics. The application of the new dynamical formalism is illustrated for short-wavelength linear waves, and the interface connection conditions for Multiregion Relaxed MHD (MRxMHD) are derived. The issue of whether $\vec{E} + \vec{u}\times\vec{B} = 0$ should be a constraint is discussed.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Strange quark suppression from a simultaneous Monte Carlo analysis of parton distributions and fragmentation functions

We perform the first simultaneous extraction of unpolarized parton distributions and fragmentation functions from a Monte Carlo analysis of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan lepton-pair production, and single-inclusive $e^+ e^-$ annihilation data. We use data resampling techniques to thoroughly explore the Bayesian posterior distribution of the extracted functions, and use $k$-means clustering on the parameter samples to identify the configurations that give the best description across all reactions. Inclusion of the semi-inclusive data reveals a strong suppression of the strange quark distribution at parton momentum fractions $x \gtrsim 0.01$, in contrast with the ATLAS observation of enhanced strangeness in $W^\pm$ and $Z$ production at the LHC. Our study reveals significant correlations between the strange quark density and the strange $\to$ kaon fragmentation function needed to simultaneously describe semi-inclusive $K^\pm$ production data from COMPASS and inclusive $K^\pm$ spectra in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation from ALEPH and SLD, as well as between the strange and light antiquark densities in the proton.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

Collinear Factorization in Wide-Angle Hadron Pair Production in $e^+e^-$ Annihilation

We compute the inclusive unpolarized dihadron production cross section in the far from back-to-back region of $e^+ e^-$ annihilation in leading order pQCD using existing fragmentation function fits and standard collinear factorization, focusing on the large transverse momentum region where transverse momentum is comparable to the hard scale (the center-of-mass energy). We compare with standard transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation function-based predictions intended for the small transverse momentum region with the aim of testing the expectation that the two types of calculation roughly coincide at intermediate transverse momentum. We find significant tension, within the intermediate transverse momentum region, between calculations done with existing non-perturbative TMD fragmentation functions and collinear factorization calculations if the center-of-mass energy is not extremely large. We argue that $e^+ e^-$ measurements are ideal for resolving this tension and exploring the large-to-small transverse momentum transition, given the typically larger hard scales ($\gtrsim 10$ GeV) of the process as compared with similar scenarios that arise in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and fixed-target Drell-Yan measurements.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

Superharmonic instability of nonlinear traveling wave solutions in Hamiltonian systems

The problem of linear instability of a nonlinear traveling wave in a canonical Hamiltonian system with translational symmetry subject to superharmonic perturbations is discussed. It is shown that exchange of stability occurs when energy is stationary as a function of wave speed. This generalizes a result proved by Saffman [3] for traveling wave solutions exhibiting a wave profile with reflectional symmetry. The present argument remains true for any noncanonical Hamiltonian system that can be cast in Darboux form, i.e. a canonical Hamiltonian form on a submanifold defined by constraints, such as a two-dimensional surface wave on a shearing flow, revealing a general feature of Hamiltonian dynamics.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2019

Mapping the Kinematical Regimes of Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

We construct a language for identifying kinematical regions of transversely differential semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections with particular underlying partonic pictures, especially in regions of moderate to low $Q$ where sensitivity to kinematical effects outside the usual very high energy limit becomes non-trivial. The partonic pictures map to power law expansions whose leading contributions ultimately lead to well-known QCD factorization theorems. We propose methods for estimating the consistency of any particular region of overall hadronic kinematics with the kinematics of a given underlying partonic picture. The basic setup of kinematics of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering is also reviewed in some detail.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

A New Approach for Measuring the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Electric Dipole Moment

This paper introduces a new approach to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly $a_μ = (g-2)/2$, and the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) $d_μ$ at the J-PARC muon facility. The goal of our experiment is to measure $a_μ$ and $d_μ$ using an independent method with a factor of 10 lower muon momentum, and a factor of 20 smaller diameter storage-ring solenoid compared with previous and ongoing muon $g-2$ experiments with unprecedented quality of the storage magnetic field. Additional significant differences from the present experimental method include a factor of 1,000 smaller transverse emittance of the muon beam (reaccelerated thermal muon beam), its efficient vertical injection into the solenoid, and tracking each decay positron from muon decay to obtain its momentum vector. The precision goal for $a_μ$ is statistical uncertainty of 450 part per billion (ppb), similar to the present experimental uncertainty, and a systematic uncertainty less than 70 ppb. The goal for EDM is a sensitivity of $1.5\times 10^{-21}~e\cdot\mbox{cm}$.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

Large Transverse Momentum in Semi-Inclusive Deeply Inelastic Scattering Beyond Lowest Order

Motivated by recently observed tension between $O\left(α_s^2\right)$ calculations of very large transverse momentum dependence in both semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan scattering, we repeat the details of the calculation through $O\left(α_s^2\right)$ transversely differential cross section. The results confirm earlier calculations, and provide further support to the observation that tension exists with current parton distribution and fragmentation functions.

hep-ph↗