arXiv subjects

N. T. Nguyen-Dang

Publications and source records attributed to N. T. Nguyen-Dang.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey DR2: Cumulative X-ray catalogues from the first three surveys and multi-wavelength counterparts in the western Galactic hemisphere

The eROSITA telescope array on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission began its all-sky survey program in December 2019, scanning the sky at an approximately six-month cadence. Here, we present new catalogues of point-like and extended X-ray sources derived from the first three completed eROSITA all-sky surveys (eRASS:3), covering the western Galactic hemisphere, which Germany's eROSITA consortium holds proprietary rights for. We describe the observational strategy, data processing, and analysis pipelines. We also characterise the resulting X-ray source populations. The eRASS:3 main catalogue contains nearly two million sources, including 1,911,744 point-like and 63,796 extended sources, detected in the 0.2-2.3 keV energy band, eROSITA's most sensitive energy window. This volume has doubled the X-ray source content of eRASS1 and provides a comprehensive census of X-ray-emitting objects across diverse astrophysical classes. We also released a secondary hard catalogue of nearly 15,000 sources detected in the harder 2.3-5.0 keV energy band. In addition, we released six catalogues, three for the main sample and three for the hard sample, in which we identify and classify the optical and infrared counterparts of eRASS:3 point-like sources. This approach delivers a homogeneous, high-quality identification of mostly extragalactic X-ray emitters; for example, we estimate that approximately 88% of the 1.4 million counterparts identified within the footprints of the Legacy Survey Imaging for DESI are extragalactic sources. This work has enabled the generation of samples optimised for completeness and purity, while expanding the discovery space for rare populations. The second data release (DR2) of the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey is a catalogue-only release, comprising the catalogues presented in this work together with an updated version of the eROSITA upper flux limit server.

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arXiv2026

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray stacking analysis of Subaru's optically selected clusters spanning low richness regime

This is the second paper in a series exploring the X-ray properties of galaxy clusters optically selected by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey, using data from the SRG/eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS). We aim to investigate scaling relations between observable cluster properties and mass, and to study the radial X-ray profiles of a large sample of optically selected clusters. We analyze a sample of 997 CAMIRA clusters with richness $N > 15$ and redshifts of $0.1 < z < 1.3$. Using bolometric luminosities derived from count rates and a weak-lensing mass calibration, we study the $L-M$ and $N-M$ scaling relations through stacking analysis, while accounting for selection effects and redshift evolution. We also compare clusters with and without X-ray counterparts in the eFEDS catalog in terms of their scaling relations and surface brightness profiles. The best-fit $L-M$ slope ($1.56^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$) is slightly steeper than the self-similar prediction, yet remains consistent with our previous findings. The $N-M$ slope ($0.766^{+0.070}_{-0.060}$) broadly agrees with theoretical expectations and other optical samples. The data do not require any additional redshift evolution beyond the standard self-similar scaling, although current constraints on evolution remain weak. X-ray detected clusters exhibit a marginally steeper $L-M$ slope, higher central surface brightness, and more centrally concentrated X-ray profiles than undetected systems. Our results highlight systematic differences in the X-ray properties between optically and X-ray selected cluster samples. This study extends scaling relation analyses into lower mass and luminosity regimes, demonstrating the value of combining deep X-ray and optical surveys like eROSITA and Subaru HSC.

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arXiv2024

Examining the local Universe isotropy with galaxy cluster velocity dispersion scaling relations

In standard cosmology, the late Universe is assumed to be statistically homogeneous and isotropic. However, a recent study based on galaxy clusters by Migkas et al. (2021, arXiv:2103.13904) found an apparent spatial variation of approximately $9\%$ in the Hubble constant, $H_0$, across the sky. The authors utilised galaxy cluster scaling relations between various cosmology-dependent cluster properties and a cosmology-independent property, i.e., the temperature of the intracluster gas $(T)$. A position-dependent systematic bias of $T$ measurements can, in principle, result in an overestimation of apparent $H_0$ variations. In this study, we search for directional $T$ measurement biases by examining the scaling relation between the member galaxy velocity dispersion and the gas temperature $(σ_\mathrm{v}-T)$. Additionally, we search for apparent $H_0$ angular variations independently of $T$ by analysing the relations between the X-ray luminosity and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal with the velocity dispersion, $L_\mathrm{X}-σ_\mathrm{v}$ and $Y_\mathrm{SZ}-σ_\mathrm{v}$. We utilise Monte Carlo simulations of isotropic cluster samples to quantify the statistical significance of any observed anisotropies. We find no significant directional $T$ measurement biases, and the probability that a directional $T$ bias causes the previously observed $H_0$ anisotropy is only $0.002\%$. On the other hand, from the joint analysis of the $L_\mathrm{X}-σ_\mathrm{v}$ and $Y_\mathrm{SZ}-σ_\mathrm{v}$ relations, the maximum variation of $H_0$ is found in the direction of $(295^\circ\pm71^\circ, -30^\circ\pm71^\circ)$ with a statistical significance of $3.64σ$, fully consistent with arXiv:2103.13904. Our findings strongly corroborate the previously detected spatial anisotropy of galaxy cluster scaling relations using a new independent cluster property, $σ_\mathrm{v}$.

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arXiv2024

The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere

The eROSITA telescope array aboard the Spektrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) satellite began surveying the sky in December 2019, with the aim of producing all-sky X-ray source lists and sky maps of an unprecedented depth. Here we present catalogues of both point-like and extended sources using the data acquired in the first six months of survey operations (eRASS1; completed June 2020) over the half sky whose proprietary data rights lie with the German eROSITA Consortium. We describe the observation process, the data analysis pipelines, and the characteristics of the X-ray sources. With nearly 930000 entries detected in the most sensitive 0.2-2.3 keV energy range, the eRASS1 main catalogue presented here increases the number of known X-ray sources in the published literature by more than 60%, and provides a comprehensive inventory of all classes of X-ray celestial objects, covering a wide range of physical processes. A smaller catalogue of 5466 sources detected in the less sensitive but harder 2.3-5 keV band is the result of the first true imaging survey of the entire sky above 2 keV. We show that the number counts of X-ray sources in eRASS1 are consistent with those derived over narrower fields by past X-ray surveys of a similar depth, and we explore the number counts variation as a function of the location in the sky. Adopting a uniform all-sky flux limit (at 50% completeness) of F_{0.5-2 keV} > 5 \times 10^{-14}$ erg\,s$^{-1}$\,cm$^{-2}$, we estimate that the eROSITA all-sky survey resolves into individual sources about 20% of the cosmic X-ray background in the 1-2 keV range. The catalogues presented here form part of the first data release (DR1) of the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. Beyond the X-ray catalogues, DR1 contains all detected and calibrated event files, source products (light curves and spectra), and all-sky maps. Illustrative examples of these are provided.

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arXiv2023

XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-discovered supernova remnant HESS J1534-571

We report the results obtained from XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-detected supernova remnant (SNR) HESS J1534-571. We focus on the nature of the cosmic-ray particle content in the SNR, which is revealed by its $γ$-ray emission. No signatures of X-ray synchrotron emission were detected from the SNR. This is consistent with earlier results obtained with Suzaku from other regions of the object. A joint modeling of the XMM-Newton and Suzaku spectra yields an upper limit for the total X-ray flux from the SNR area of $\sim$ 5.62$ \times 10^{-13} \ \mathrm{erg\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ (95% c.l.) in the energy band of 2-10 keV, for an assumed photon index of 2.0. On the other hand, we do find evidence in the XMM-Newton data for a line-like emission feature at 6.4 keV from localized regions, again confirming earlier Suzaku measurements. We discuss the findings in the context of the origin of the observed $γ$-ray emission. Although neither hadronic nor leptonic scenarios can be fully ruled out, the observed line emission can be interpreted as the result of interactions between lower energy ($\sim$ MeV) cosmic-ray protons with high gas density regions in and around HESS J1534-571, and thus potentially be associated with particles accelerated in the SNR.

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arXiv2022

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray properties of Subaru optically-selected clusters

We present the results of a systematic X-ray analysis of optically rich galaxy clusters detected by the Subaru HSC survey in the eROSITA eFEDS field. Through a joint analysis of SRG/eROSITA and Subaru/HSC surveys, we aim to study the dynamical status of the optically selected clusters and derive the cluster scaling relations. The sample consists of 43 optically selected galaxy clusters with a richness $>40$ in $0.16<z<0.89$. We systematically analyzed the X-ray images and spectra using the eROSITA data. We identified the BCG using the optical and far-infrared databases. We evaluated the cluster's dynamical status by measuring the offset between the X-ray peak and BCG position, the gas concentration, and the number of galaxy-density peaks. We studied the luminosity-temperature and mass-luminosity relations based on eROSITA X-ray spectra and HSC weak-lensing data analyses. Based on the these measurements, the fraction of relaxed clusters is $2(<39)$%, which is smaller than that of the X-ray-selected cluster samples. After correcting for a selection bias due to the richness cut, we obtained a shallow $L-T$ slope of $2.1\pm0.5$, which is consistent with the predictions of the self-similar model and the baseline model incorporating a mass-concentration relation. The $L-M$ slope of $1.5\pm0.3$ agrees with the above theoretical models and that of the shear-selected clusters in the eFEDs field. Our analysis of high-richness optical clusters yields a small fraction of relaxed clusters and a shallow slope for the luminosity-temperature relation. This suggests that the average X-ray properties of the optical clusters are likely to be different from those observed in the X-ray samples. Thus, the joint eROSITA and HSC observations are a powerful tool in extending the analysis to a larger sample and understanding the selection effect with a view to establish cluster scaling relations.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2021

Cosmological implications of the anisotropy of ten galaxy cluster scaling relations

The hypothesis that the late Universe is isotropic and homogeneous is adopted by most cosmological studies. The expansion rate $H_0$ is thought to be spatially constant, while bulk flows are often presumed to be negligible compared to the Hubble expansion, even at local scales. Their effects on the redshift-distance conversion are hence usually ignored. Any deviation from this consensus can strongly bias the results of such studies and thus the importance of testing these assumptions cannot be understated. Scaling relations of galaxy clusters can be effectively used for that. In previous works, we observed strong anisotropies in cluster scaling relations, whose origins remain ambiguous. By measuring many different cluster properties, several scaling relations with different sensitivities can be built. Nearly independent tests of cosmic isotropy and bulk flows are then feasible. We make use of up to 570 clusters with measured properties at X-ray, microwave, and infrared wavelengths, to construct 10 different cluster scaling relations (five of them presented for the first time) and test the isotropy of the local Universe. Through rigorous tests, we ensure that our analysis is not prone to generally known systematic biases and X-ray absorption issues. By combining all available information, we detect an apparent $9\%$ spatial variation in the local $H_0$ between $(l,b)\sim ({280^{\circ}}^{+35^{\circ}}_{-35^{\circ}},{-15^{\circ}}^{+20^{\circ}}_{-20^{\circ}})$ and the rest of the sky. The observed anisotropy has a nearly dipole form. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we assess the statistical significance of the anisotropy to be $>5σ$. This result could also be attributed to a $\sim 900$ km/s bulk flow which seems to extend out to at least $\sim 500$ Mpc. These two effects are indistinguishable until more high$-z$ clusters are observed by future all-sky surveys, such as eROSITA.

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