arXiv subjects

N. Takigawa

Publications and source records attributed to N. Takigawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2012

Subbarrier fusion reactions and many-particle quantum tunneling

Low energy heavy-ion fusion reactions are governed by quantum tunneling through the Coulomb barrier formed by a strong cancellation of the repulsive Coulomb force with the attractive nuclear interaction between the colliding nuclei. Extensive experimental as well as theoretical studies have revealed that fusion reactions are strongly influenced by couplings of the relative motion of the colliding nuclei to several nuclear intrinsic motions. Heavy-ion subbarrier fusion reactions thus provide a good opportunity to address a general problem on quantum tunneling in the presence of couplings, which has been a popular subject in the past decades in many branches of physics and chemistry. Here we review theoretical aspects of heavy-ion subbarrier fusion reactions from the view point of quantum tunneling in systems with many degrees of freedom. Particular emphases are put on the coupled-channels approach to fusion reactions, and the barrier distribution representation for multi-channel penetrability. We also discuss an application of the barrier distribution method to elucidation of the mechanism of dissociative adsorption of H$_2$ melecules in surface science.

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arXiv2006

Effect of electronic environment on neutrino-nucleus reactions at r-process sites

We discuss effects of the electron plasma on charged-current neutrino-nucleus reaction, $(ν_e,e^-)$ in a core-collapse supernova environment. We first discuss the electron screening effect on the final state interaction between the outgoing electron and the daughter nucleus. To this end, we solve the Dirac equation for the outgoing electron with the screened Coulomb potential obtained with the Thomas-Fermi approximation. In addition to the screening effect, we also discuss the Pauli blocking effect due to the environmental electrons on the spectrum of the outgoing electron. We find that both effects hinder the cross section of the charged-current reaction, especially at low incident energies.

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arXiv2006

Sub-barrier Fusion Cross Sections with Energy Density Formalism

We discuss the applicability of the energy density formalism (EDF) for heavy-ion fusion reactions at sub-barrier energies. For this purpose, we calculate the fusion excitation function and the fusion barrier distribution for the reactions of $^{16}$O with $^{154,}$$^{144}$Sm,$^{186}$W and $^{208}$Pb with the coupled-channels method. We also discuss the effect of saturation property on the fusion cross section for the reaction between two $^{64}$Ni nuclei, in connection to the so called steep fall-off phenomenon of fusion cross sections at deep sub-barrier energies.

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arXiv2006

No-recoil approximation to knock-on exchange potential in the double folding model for heavy-ion collisions

We propose the no-recoil approximation, which is valid for heavy systems, for a double folding nucleus-nucleus potential. With this approximation, the non-local knock-on exchange contribution becomes a local form. We discuss the applicability of this approximation for the elastic scattering of $^6$Li + $^{40}$Ca system. We find that, for this system and heavier, the no-recoil approximation works as good as another widely used local approximation which employs a local plane wave for the relative motion between the colliding nuclei. We also compare the results of the no-recoil calculations with those of the zero-range approximation often used to handle the knock-on exchange effect.

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arXiv2005

Quantum Statistical Effects on Fusion Dynamics of Heavy-Ions

In order to describe the fusion of two very heavy nuclei at near barrier energies, a generalized Langevin approach is proposed, which incorporates the quantum statistical fluctuations in accordance with the fluctuation and dissipation theorem. It is illustrated that the quantum statistical effects introduce an enhancement of the formation of compound nucleus, though the quantum enhancement is somewhat less pronounced as indicated in the previous calculations.

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arXiv2004

Surface diffuseness anomaly in heavy-ion potentials for large-angle quasielastic scattering

Recent high precision experimental data for heavy-ion fusion reactions at subbarrier energies systematically show that a surprisingly large surface diffuseness parameter for a Woods-Saxon potential is required in order to fit the data. We point out that experimental data for quasi-elastic scattering at backward angles also favor a similar large value of surface diffuseness parameter. Consequently, a double folding approach fails to reproduce the experimental excitation function of quasielastic scattering for the $^{16}$O + $^{154}$Sm system at energies around the Coulomb barrier. We also show that the deviation of the ratio of the quasielastic to the Rutherford cross sections from unity at deep subbarrier energies offers an unambiguous way to determine the value of the surface diffuseness parameter in the nucleus-nucleus potential.

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arXiv2004

Influence of electron capture and Coulomb explosion on electron screening in low energy nuclear reactions in laboratories

We discuss the effects of electron capture by the projectile and the Coulomb explosion of a molecular projectile on the electron screening in low energy nuclear reactions in laboratory. Using the idea of equilibrium charge, we show that the electron capture of projectile leads to a screening energy which significantly exceeds the adiabatic limit in the simple consideration for the D(d,p)T reaction and provides a possibility to explain the large screening energy claimed in the analysis of experimental data. We then show that the Coulomb explosion can result in a large apparent screening energy as large as that encountered in the analysis of ^3He(d,p)^4He reactions induced by the molecular D_2^+ and D_3^+ projectiles at very low energies.

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arXiv2004

Addendum: Attenuation of the intensity within a superdeformed band

We investigate a random matrix model [Phys. Rev. C {\bf 65} 024302 (2002] for the decay-out of a superdeformed band as a function of the parameters: $Γ^\downarrow/Γ_S$, $Γ_N/D$, $Γ_S/D$ and $Δ/D$. Here $Γ^\downarrow$ is the spreading width for the mixing of an SD state $|0>$ with a normally deformed (ND) doorway state $|d>$, $Γ_S$ and $Γ_N$ are the electromagnetic widths of the the SD and ND states respectively, $D$ is the mean level spacing of the compound ND states and $Δ$ is the energy difference between $|0>$ and $|d>$. The maximum possible effect of an order-chaos transition is inferred from analytical and numerical calculations of the decay intensity in the limiting cases for which the ND states obey Poisson and GOE statistics. Our results show that the sharp attenuation of the decay intensity cannot be explained solely by an order-chaos transition.

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arXiv2004

Energy averages over regular and chaotic states in the decay out of superdeformed bands

We describe the decay out of a superdeformed band using the methods of reaction theory. Assuming that decay-out occurs due to equal coupling (on average) to a sea of equivalent chaotic normally deformed (ND) states, we calculate the average intraband decay intensity and show that it can be written as an ``optical'' background term plus a fluctuation term, in total analogy with average nuclear cross sections. We also calculate the variance in closed form. We investigate how these objects are modified when the decay to the ND states occurs via an ND doorway and the ND states' statistical properties are changed from chaotic to regular. We show that the average decay intensity depends on two dimensionless variables in the first case while in the second case, four variables enter the picture.

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arXiv2001

Attenuation of the intensity within a superdeformed band

The attenuation of the intraband intensity of a superdeformed band, which results from mixing with normally deformed configurations, is calculated using reaction theory. It is found that the sharp increase of the attenuation is mostly due to the tunnelling through a spin dependent barrier and not to the chaotic nature of the normally deformed states.

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arXiv1999

The structure of superheavy elements newly discovered in the reaction of $^{86}$Kr with $^{208}$Pb

The structure of superheavy elements newly discovered in the $^{208}$Pb($^{86}$Kr,n) reaction at Berkeley is systematically studied in the Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approach. It is shown that various usually employed RMF forces, which give fair description of normal stable nuclei, give quite different predictions for superheavy elements. Among the effective forces we tested, TM1 is found to be the good candidate to describe superheavy elements. The binding energies of the $^{293}$118 nucleus and its $α-$decay daughter nuclei obtained using TM1 agree with those of FRDM within 2 MeV. Similar conclusion that TM1 is the good interaction is also drawn from the calculated binding energies for Pb isotopes with the Relativistic Continuum Hartree Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory. Using the pairing gaps obtained from RCHB, RMF calculations with pairing and deformation are carried out for the structure of superheavy elements. The binding energy, shape, single particle levels, and the Q values of the $α-$decay $Q_α$ are discussed, and it is shown that both pairing correlation and deformation are essential to properly understand the structure of superheavy elements. A good agreement is obtained with experimental data on $Q_α$. %Especially, the atomic number %dependence of $Q_α$ %seems to match with the experimental observation

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arXiv1999

Examination of self interaction correction methods for Na clusters

We examine whether the self interaction correction method by Harrison, which does not introduce the spherical single particle density approximation to energy functional, can be applied to Na clusters. We show that it does not work well, especially, for large clusters, though it works well for atomic systems. We suggest that it is better to apply this method only to the Hartree term. We also show that the effects of non-diagonal Lagrange multiplier originating from the orthonormality of single particle orbitals are negligible.

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arXiv1998

Bremsstrahlung in $α$ Decay

A quantum mechanical analysis of the bremsstrahlung in $α$ decay of $^{210}$Po is performed in close reference to a semiclassical theory. We clarify the contribution from the tunneling, mixed, outside barrier regions and from the wall of the inner potential well to the final spectral distribution, and discuss their interplay. We also comment on the validity of semiclassical calculations, and the possibility to eliminate the ambiguity in the nuclear potential between the alpha particle and daughter nucleus using the bremsstrahlung spectrum.

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arXiv1998

Effects of finite width of excited states on heavy-ion sub-barrier fusion reactions

We discuss the effects of coupling of the relative motion to nuclear collective excitations which have a finite lifetime on heavy-ion fusion reactions at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier. Both spreading and escape widths are explicitly taken into account in the exit doorway model. The coupled-channels equations are numerically solved to show that the finite resonance width always hinders fusion cross sections at subbarrier energies irrespective of the relative importance between the spreading and the escape widths. We also show that the structure of fusion barrier distribution is smeared due to the spreading of the strength of the doorway state.

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arXiv1997

Excitation of nuclear anharmonic vibrations in heavy-ion fusion reactions

We discuss the effects of multi-phonon excitations on heavy-ion fusion reactions at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier, focusing especially on the role of anharmonicities. We carry out a systematic study of those effects on the excitation function of the fusion cross section and on the fusion barrier distribution, by using the vibrational limit of the interacting boson model. We also analyze the recently measured high-precision data of the $^{16}$O + $^{148}$Sm fusion reaction with this model and discuss the anharmonic properties of the quadrupole as well as the octupole vibrations in $^{148}$Sm. Negative and positive static quadrupole moments are deduced for the first 2$^+$ and 3$^-$ states in $^{148}$Sm, respectively. It is shown that the fusion barrier distribution strongly depends on the sign of the quadrupole moments, suggesting that subbarrier fusion reactions offer an alternative method to extract the static quadrupole moments of phonon states in spherical nuclei.

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arXiv1997

Anharmonic phonon excitations in subbarrier fusion reactions

Recently measured high precision data of fusion excitation function have enabled a detailed study on the effects of nuclear collective excitations on fusion reactions. Using such highly accurate data of the $^{16}$O + $^{144,148}$Sm reactions, we discuss the anharmonic properties of collective phonon excitations in $^{144,148}$Sm nuclei. It is shown that subbarrier fusion reactions are strongly affected by the anharmonic effects and thus offer an alternative method to extract the static quadrupole moments of phonon states in a spherical nucleus.

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arXiv1997

Quantum Tunneling in Nuclear Fusion

Recent theoretical advances in the study of heavy ion fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to new ways of analyzing data, such as studying barrier distributions; new approaches to channel coupling, such as the path integral and Green function formalisms; and alternative methods to describe nuclear structure effects, such as those using the Interacting Boson Model. The roles of nucleon transfer, asymmetry effects, higher-order couplings, and shape-phase transitions are elucidated. The current status of the fusion of unstable nuclei and very massive systems are briefly discussed.

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arXiv1997

Evidence of Double Phonon Excitations in ^{16}O + ^{208}Pb Reaction

The fusion cross-sections for ^{16}O + ^{208}Pb, measured to high precision, enable the extraction of the distribution of fusion barriers. This shows a structure markedly different from the single-barrier which might be expected for fusion of two doubly-closed shell nuclei. The results of exact coupled channel calculations performed to understand the observations are presented. These calculations indicate that coupling to a double octupole phonon excited state in ^{208}Pb is necessary to explain the experimental barrier distributions.

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