arXiv subjects

Nalin Arora

Publications and source records attributed to Nalin Arora.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Machine learning-based modeling to predict inhibitors for targets of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder projected to affect 115 million people by 2050, driven by mechanisms like the cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses and insulin signaling disruptions involving key targets such as BACE-1, AChE, and GSK-3 beta. Utilizing machine learning (ML), we developed predictive models for inhibitor screening, achieving AUC-ROC scores above 0.9 for all targets. BACE-1 models showed high accuracy (86.63%) but limited chemical diversity. AChE models exhibited greater chemical diversity and similar performance (AUC-ROC: 92.86%, Accuracy: 85.20%), while GSK-3 beta models achieved an AUC-ROC of 91.14% with the highest proportion of viable drug candidates. These findings highlight the potential of ML in Alzheimer's drug discovery, with AChE and GSK-3 beta emerging as promising targets.

q-bio.QM↗

arXiv2025

Application of machine learning to predict food processing level using Open Food Facts

Ultra-processed foods are increasingly linked to health issues like obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and mental health disorders due to poor nutritional quality. This first-of-its-kind study at such a scale uses machine learning to classify food processing levels (NOVA) based on the Open Food Facts dataset of over 900,000 products. Models including LightGBM, Random Forest, and CatBoost were trained on nutrient concentration data. LightGBM performed best, achieving 80-85% accuracy across different nutrient panels and effectively distinguishing minimally from ultra-processed foods. Exploratory analysis revealed strong associations between higher NOVA classes and lower Nutri-Scores, indicating poorer nutritional quality. Products in NOVA 3 and 4 also had higher carbon footprints and lower Eco-Scores, suggesting greater environmental impact. Allergen analysis identified gluten and milk as common in ultra-processed items, posing risks to sensitive individuals. Categories like Cakes and Snacks were dominant in higher NOVA classes, which also had more additives, highlighting the role of ingredient modification. This study, leveraging the largest dataset of NOVA-labeled products, emphasizes the health, environmental, and allergenic implications of food processing and showcases machine learning's value in scalable classification. A user-friendly web tool is available for NOVA prediction using nutrient data: https://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/foodlabel/.

q-bio.BM↗

arXiv2024

Machine learning and natural language processing models to predict the extent of food processing

The dramatic increase in consumption of ultra-processed food has been associated with numerous adverse health effects. Given the public health consequences linked to ultra-processed food consumption, it is highly relevant to build computational models to predict the processing of food products. We created a range of machine learning, deep learning, and NLP models to predict the extent of food processing by integrating the FNDDS dataset of food products and their nutrient profiles with their reported NOVA processing level. Starting with the full nutritional panel of 102 features, we further implemented coarse-graining of features to 65 and 13 nutrients by dropping flavonoids and then by considering the 13-nutrient panel of FDA, respectively. LGBM Classifier and Random Forest emerged as the best model for 102 and 65 nutrients, respectively, with an F1-score of 0.9411 and 0.9345 and MCC of 0.8691 and 0.8543. For the 13-nutrient panel, Gradient Boost achieved the best F1-score of 0.9284 and MCC of 0.8425. We also implemented NLP based models, which exhibited state-of-the-art performance. Besides distilling nutrients critical for model performance, we present a user-friendly web server for predicting processing level based on the nutrient panel of a food product: https://cosylab.iiitd.edu.in/food-processing/.

q-bio.BM↗

arXiv2024

Sentiment Analysis Across Languages: Evaluation Before and After Machine Translation to English

People communicate in more than 7,000 languages around the world, with around 780 languages spoken in India alone. Despite this linguistic diversity, research on Sentiment Analysis has predominantly focused on English text data, resulting in a disproportionate availability of sentiment resources for English. This paper examines the performance of transformer models in Sentiment Analysis tasks across multilingual datasets and text that has undergone machine translation. By comparing the effectiveness of these models in different linguistic contexts, we gain insights into their performance variations and potential implications for sentiment analysis across diverse languages. We also discuss the shortcomings and potential for future work towards the end.

cs.CL↗