arXiv subjects

Nazar Pyvovar

Publications and source records attributed to Nazar Pyvovar.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Multimode grating couplers via foundry-compliant inverse design

We apply a systematic inverse design approach to discover foundry-compliant, multilayer grating couplers that can efficiently couple a number of independent waves from free space to on-chip propagating modes. For visible- and near-infrared couplers, we find that minimum feature sizes are by far the most important constraint to tailor the design algorithms around. If, additionally, one forces the optimization to be robust to over- and under-etch errors, the resulting designs exhibit stable optimal efficiencies in the presence of other imperfections (critical dimension variations, overlay mismatch, and sidewall angle variation). The foundry-compliant designs exhibit moderate efficiency penalties as feature sizes increase, but no change to simple underlying scaling laws with respect to requisite numbers of layers and layer thicknesses. These results establish a practical, generalizable framework for high-efficiency multimode coupling within the constraints of modern semiconductor foundries.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2026

Many-mode grating couplers by avoiding undesired couplings

To couple many independent modes from free space to on chip, the key challenge is not enhancing the many necessary coupling rates (scattering-matrix elements) between targeted mode pairs. Instead, the key is to avoid additional cross-couplings to undesired modes, due to the presence of multiple simultaneously satisfied phase-matching conditions. With this principle, we identify scaling laws for the maximum number of high-efficiency multi-mode couplings that may be achievable for a given refractive index and design region, which are strongly supported by extensive numerical inverse-design experiments in 2D (one-dimensional coupler patterns, scattering in 2D). For such couplers, typical mode counts of 5--10 appear achievable. Three-dimensional couplers (patterned across two dimensions) can be markedly better, with tens of Fourier components in a single-layer device offering the possibility of high-efficiency coupling of hundreds to thousands of modes in relatively compact form factors. Numerical simulations of such a device, without any parameter optimization, predict efficiencies on the order of 5\% for 100 modes -- a collective order-of-magnitude improvement over previous designs.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Coherent Control of Wave Scattering via Minimal-Parameter Tuning of Complex Spectra

We introduce and validate a theoretical framework for coherent control of multichannel linear scattering to route waves through complex geometries with multiple scattering. We show that steady-state perfect routing solutions are achievable at any frequency via tuning geometric parameters so that multiple complex eigenfrequencies coincide on the real axis. The relevant complex spectra describe critically constrained scattering processes (CCONs), where a specific number of generically accessible outgoing channels are inaccessible due to destructive interference. Focusing on electromagnetic waves, we demonstrate in simulations routing and demultiplexing with high discrimination of signals in a multiport chaotic cavity with a small number of tunable scatterers and free-space signal routing in a grating coupler with a similar number of tunable elements in its unit cell. The minimal number of tuning parameters required is predicted by codimension arguments and validated in simulations. A special class of perfect reflection processes are found to be enhanced in the presence of time-reversal symmetry. A similar approach can be used to implement other interesting functionalities, such as isolation, power division, mode conversion and filtering. The method can be applied to other classical waves and also to quantum matter waves.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2025

Gyrotropic metamaterials with tailored magnetization

Magnetic materials are crucial in nonreciprocal electromagnetic devices, such as isolators, circulators, and nonreciprocal phase shifters. However, their use is often limited by the need for a uniform bias magnetic field and nonuniform demagnetizing fields, resulting in the restricted aperture of free-space devices, poor temperature stability, and incompatibility with magnetic field-sensitive applications. Alternative methods have been developed to achieve nonreciprocity using active, nonlinear, and time-varying metamaterials, each with its own advantages and limitations. Here, we present a new approach based on self-biased gyrotropic metamaterials composed of magnetically hard magnets (specifically NdFeB) embedded in a magnetically soft ferrite matrix. In this configuration, the NdFeB magnets provide the magnetic bias for the ferrite matrix, which produces a nonreciprocal response. This gyrotropic metamaterial can exhibit zero net magnetization while producing strong and uniform Faraday rotation over a broad temperature range. Without bias and demagnetizing fields, the aperture of this Faraday rotator can be virtually unlimited. Using this method, we demonstrate uniform 45-degree Faraday rotation and effective isolation across the microwave X-band.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2023

Optical transmission of a moving Fabry-Perot interferometer

Fabry-Perot interferometers have been widely studied and used for well over a century. However, they have always been treated as stationary devices in the past. In this paper, we investigate the optical transmission of a longitudinally moving Fabry-Perot interferometer within the framework of relativity and establish a general relation between the transmission coefficient and the velocity for uniform motions. Several features of the transmission spectrum are analyzed, including velocity-dependent frequency rescaling, the Fabry-Perot transmittance, and the transmission phase near resonance. Special attentions are given to the non-relativistic regime, where application prospects are evaluated. Potential new interferometric schemes, such as velocity-scanning interferometry and hybrid interferometers based on nested configurations, are proposed. Finally, a special case of non-uniform motion is also investigated.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2021

Few-cycle excitation of atomic coherence: A closed-form analytical solution beyond the rotating-wave approximation

Developing an analytical theory for atomic coherence driven by ultrashort laster pulses has proved to be challenging due to the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation (RWA). In this paper, we present an approximate, closed-form solution to the Schrodinger equation that describes a two-level atom under the excitation of a far-off-resonance, few-cycle pulse of arbitrary shape without invoking the RWA. As an example of its applicability, an analytical solution for Gaussian pulses is explicitly given. Comparisons with numerical solutions validate the accuracy our solution within the scope of the approximation. Finally, we outline an alternative approach that can lead to a more accurate solution by capturing the nonlinear behaviors of the system.

quant-ph↗