$α$-monogeneity of pure number fields: criterion and density
Let $n\ge 2$, let $m\in\mathbb Z\setminus\{0\}$, and let $K=\mathbb Q(α)$, where $α^n=m$ and $X^n-m$ is irreducible over $\mathbb Q$. We study when the natural order $\mathbb Z[α]$ is the full ring of integers $\mathcal O_K$. For the pure family $X^n-m$, we give a short proof, using only Dedekind's index criterion, of the equivalence $\mathcal O_K = \mathbb Z[α]$ iff $m$ is square-free and $ν\_p(m^p-m)=1$ for every prime $p\mid n$. Equivalently, the prime support of $[\mathcal O_K:\mathbb Z[α]]$ is $$\{p:ν_p(m)\ge 2\}\cup \{p\mid n:ν_p(m^p-m)\ge 2\}.$$ We then compute the natural density of the corresponding parameters in the one-parameter family $X^n-m$: $$δ_n=\frac{6}{π^2}\prod_{p\mid n}\frac{p}{p+1}.$$ We also give an arithmetic-progression refinement, a density-theoretic independence statement for the local obstruction sets at primes dividing $n$, and discriminant-ordered counts of the corresponding fields.