arXiv subjects

Niamh Ferguson

Publications and source records attributed to Niamh Ferguson.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Recombination Rates for $5f^N$ Uranium Ions Using the Analogous $4f^4$ Nd III as a Guideline and Their Effect on Kilonova Nebular SpectraAn Exploration of Recombination of Uranium with application to Kilonovae Spectra

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is expected to be the dominant recombination process during the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) phase of kilonovae, yet reliable DR data remain unavailable for most heavy ions. Current spectral models therefore rely on simplified recombination prescriptions, introducing significant uncertainties into predicted spectra. We present an optimization strategy for open f-shell ions using \texttt{AUTOSTRUCTURE}, targeting uranium ions U II--U IV relevant to actinide-producing kilonovae. As a benchmark case, calculations are performed for Nd III to validate the treatment of the f-shell structure and its impact on DR. The resulting DR rate coefficients are of order $10^{-10}$--$10^{-12}$ cm$^{3}$\,s$^{-1}$ over temperatures relevant to kilonova plasmas. The optimized rates are implemented into the radiative-transfer code \texttt{SUMO}, and their impact on kilonova spectra studied. The Nd III benchmark demonstrates that refinements to the atomic structure can produce measurable changes in spectral features supporting the atomic structure optimisation performed for U II--IV.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2025

Infrared spectral signatures of light r-process elements in kilonovae

A central question regarding neutron star mergers is whether they are able to produce all the r-process elements, from first to third peak. The high abundances of first-peak elements (atomic number $Z \sim 31-40$) in the solar composition means they may dominate the ejecta mass in kilonovae. We here study theoretical infrared signatures of such light elements with spectral synthesis modelling. By combining state-of-the-art NLTE physics with new radiative and collisional data for these elements, we identify several promising diagnostic lines from Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr and Zr. The models give self-consistent line luminosities and indicate specific features that probe emission volumes at early phases ($\sim$10d), the product of ion mass and electron density in late phases ($\gtrsim$75d), and in some cases direct ionic masses at intermediate phases. Emission by [Se I] 5.03 \mum\ + [Se III] 4.55 \mum\ can produce satisfactory fits to the Spitzer photometry of AT2017gfo. However, the models show consistently that with a Kr/Te and Se/Te ratio following the solar r-process pattern, Kr + Se emission is dominant over Te for the blend at 2.1 \mum\ observed in both AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi. The somewhat better line profile fit with [Te III] may suggest that both AT2017gfo and AT2023vfi had a strongly sub-solar production of the light r-process elements. An alternative scenario could be that Kr + Se in an asymmetric morphological distribution generates the feature. Further JWST spectral data, in particular covering the so far unobserved $>5$ \mum\ region, holds promise to determine the light r-process production of kilonovae, and in particular whether the light elements are made in a slow disk wind or in a fast proto-NS outflow. We identify specific needs for further atomic data on recombination rates and collision strengths for $Z=31-40$ elements.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

Nebular spectra of kilonovae with detailed recombination rates -- I. Light r-process composition

To investigate spectra of kilonovae in the NLTE phase (t>= 1 week), we perform atomic calculations for dielectronic recombination (DR) rates for the light r-process elements Se (Z = 34), Rb (Z = 37), Sr (Z = 38), Y (Z = 39), and Zr (Z = 40) using the HULLAC code. For the different elements, our results for the DR rate coefficients for recombining from the ionization states of II to I, III to II, and IV to III vary between 2x10^{-12} - 5x10^{-11} cm^3/s, 10^{-13} - 5x10^{-11} cm^3/s and 2x10^{-15} - 10^{-11} cm^3/s, respectively, at a temperature of T = 10,000 K. Using this new atomic data (DR), we study the impact on kilonova model spectra at phases of t = 10 days and t = 25 days after the merger using the spectral synthesis code SUMO. Compared to models using the previous treatment of recombination as a constant rate, the new models show significant changes in ionization and temperature, and correspondingly, in emergent spectra. With the new rates, we find that Zr (Z = 40) plays a yet more dominant role in kilonova spectra for light r-process compositions. Further, we show that previously predicted mid-infrared (e.g. [Se III] 4.55 mum) and optical (e.g. Rb I 7802, 7949 {\AA}) lines weaken in the new model. Instead [Se I] 5.03 mum emerges as a signature. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the detailed microphysics for modelling and interpreting the late-time kilonova spectra.

astro-ph.HE↗