arXiv subjects

Nicholas S. Caros

Publications and source records attributed to Nicholas S. Caros.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Journey-Based Transit Equity Analysis: A Case Study in the Greater Boston Area

In this paper, a new methodology, journey-based equity analysis, is presented for measuring the equity of transit convenience between income groups. Two data sources are combined in the proposed transit equity analysis: on-board ridership surveys and passenger origin-destination data. The spatial unit of our proposed transit equity analysis is census blocks, which are relatively stable over time and allows an exploration of the data that is granular enough to make conclusions about the service convenience various communities are facing. A case study in the Greater Boston area using real data from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) bus network demonstrates a significant difference in transit service convenience, measured by number of transfers per unit distance, transfer wait time and travel time per unit distance, between low-income riders and high income riders. Implications of analysis results to transit agencies are also discussed.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2023

The emerging spectrum of flexible work locations: implications for travel demand and carbon emissions

Many studies of the effect of remote work on travel demand assume that remote work takes place entirely at home. Recent evidence, however, shows that in the United States, remote workers are choosing to spend approximately one third of their remote work hours outside of the home at cafes, co-working spaces or the homes of friends and family. Commutes to these "third places" could offset much of the reduction in congestion and carbon emissions from commuting that could be expected from greater shares of remote work. To estimate the impact of third places on congestion and carbon emission from commuting, this study uses a national survey of thousands of remote workers and large-scale mobile trace data to predict current and future commuting patterns for the Chicago metropolitan area. The study reveals that ignoring third places leads to an underestimation of carbon emissions from commute-based travel demand by 470 gigatons per year, or 24% of the total true emissions. Moreover, if workers' latent desire for greater levels of remote work are realized in the future, the emissions benefits will be reduced further. The spatial analyses imply that there is a decrease in visits to the city center and outskirts, but an increase in visits to near suburban areas. Implications of these results for urban transportation and land use policy are discussed.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2023

The impacts of remote work on travel: insights from nearly three years of monthly surveys

Remote work has expanded dramatically since 2020, upending longstanding travel patterns and behavior. More fundamentally, the flexibility for remote workers to choose when and where to work has created much stronger connections between travel behavior and organizational behavior. This paper uses a large and comprehensive monthly longitudinal survey over nearly three years to identify new trends in work location choice, mode choice and departure time of remote workers. The travel behavior of remote workers is found to be highly associated with employer characteristics, task characteristics, employer remote work policies, coordination between colleagues and attitudes towards remote work. Approximately one third of all remote work hours are shown to take place outside of the home, accounting for over one third of all commuting trips. These commutes to "third places" are shorter, less likely to occur during peak periods, and more likely to use sustainable travel modes than commutes to an employer's primary workplace. Hybrid work arrangements are also associated with a greater number of non-work trips than fully remote and fully in-person arrangements. Implications of this research for policy makers, shared mobility provides and land use planning are discussed.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2022

Preparing urban mobility for the future of work

A gradual growth in flexible work over many decades has been suddenly and dramatically accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The share of flexible work days in the United States is forecasted to grow from 4\% in 2018 to over 26\% by 2022. This rapid and unexpected shift in the nature of work will have a profound effect on the demand for, and supply of, urban transportation. Understanding how people make decisions around where and with whom to work will be critical for predicting future travel patterns and designing mobility systems to serve flexible commuters. To that end, this paper establishes a formal taxonomy for describing possible flexible work arrangements, the stakeholders involved and the relationships between them. An analytical framework is then developed for adapting existing transportation models to incorporate the unique dynamics of flexible work location choice. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how the new taxonomy and analytical framework can be applied across a broad set of scenarios. Finally, a critical research agenda is proposed to create both the empirical knowledge and methodological tools to prepare urban mobility for the future of work.

econ.GN↗