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Nikolai V. Mitskievich

Publications and source records attributed to Nikolai V. Mitskievich.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

On eternal black holes and some interior solutions

In this article we deduce two new exact solutions of Einstein's equations for eternal black holes, now related to stiff matter, one `static' and another rotating (stationary like the Kerr one), thus the number of these eternal solutions grows from four to six. Dealing with these static and rotating solutions we automatically rehabilitate the practically forgotten Sommerfeld-Lenz approach to the deduction of our results for the satisfaction of Einstein's equations, e.g., in these rotating cases. At the same time, we come to the confirmation of our new relativistic generalization of the inertial/gravitational mass equivalence principle, as well as to obtention of the Kerr interior solution.

gr-qc↗

Gravitational interaction for light-like motion in classical and quantum theory

On the basis of an exact vacuum solution of Einstein's equations, {\it vis}. the pencil-of-light field, we study the light-like motion of test and non-test objects. We also consider the quantum theoretical interaction of massless scalar particles through virtual gravitons. The dragging phenomenon is manifested and its agreement with astronomical observations established. This paper submitted to {\bf arXiv} is a somewhat reedited copy of my article dedicated to Dr. Ivar Piir in a volume published on the occasion of his 60th birthday in 1989 in Tartu by the Estonian Academy of Sciences.

gr-qc↗

Rotation and pseudo-rotation

Eigenvectors of stress-energy tensor (the source in Einstein's equations) form privileged bases in description of the corresponding space-times. When one or more of these vector fields are rotating (the property well determined in differential geometry), one says that the space-time executes this rotation. Though the rotation in its proper sense is understood as that of a timelike congruence (vector field), the rotation of a spacelike congruence is not a less objective property if it corresponds to a canonical proper basis built of the just mentioned eigenvectors. In this last case, we propose to speak on pseudo-rotation. Both properties of metric, its material sources, and space-time symmetries are considered in this paper.

gr-qc↗

Perfect fluids: Field-theoretical description and gauge symmetry issue

We show that combinations of (in general, non-linear) 2- and 3-form fields analogous to the Maxwell (1-form) field, completely describe perfect fluids, including the rotating ones. In the non-rotating case, the 2-form field in sufficient, and a free 3-form field proves to be equivalent to appearance of the cosmological term in Einstein's equations (the square-root non-linearity corresponding to $Λ=0$). The gauge degrees of freedom break down when a rotation is included, but even when they exist, there obviously fails to be realized an equivalence of the 2-form field and the massless scalar one recently claimed by Weinberg.

gr-qc↗

On a new category of physical effects

A new category of "intrinsic" effects is proposed to be added to the two already known kinematic and dynamical categories. An example of intrinsic effect is predicted, its origin source is established, and a scheme of its experimental detection is proposed. This effect lowers to non-relativistic values the propagation velocity of a plane electromagnetic wave in a vacuum, when a time-independent homogeneous magnetic field is superposed over it. This result, pertaining to the classical Maxwell theory, follows from exact calculations. A critical remark on gravitational waves' detection is given.

physics.gen-ph↗

Classification of electromagnetic fields in general relativity and its physical applications

The simplest electromagnetic fields' (general- as well as special-relativistic) classification is formulated which is based on physically motivated ideas. According to this classification these fields can belong to three types (electric, magnetic and null), each of them being split in pure and impure subtypes. Only pure null type field propagates with the fundamental velocity $c$, all other fields have the propagation velocity less than that of light. The reference-frame-based methods of elimination of alternative three-fields (e.g., magnetic in the electric type case) are given for pure subtypes; for pure null type the generalized Doppler effect takes place instead. All three types of impure fields are shown to be {\bf E}-{\bf B}-parallelizable. Thus such an elimination in pure non-null and parallelization in all impure cases mean transformation to the reference frame co-moving with the electromagnetic field in which the Poynting vector vanishes. The methods we propose modernizing the Rainich--Misner--Wheeler approach, also permit to construct new exact Einstein--Maxwell solutions from already known seed solutions. As examples, the Kerr--Newman and Liénard--Wiechert solutions are considered, three ``new'' types of rotating charged black holes (with the same Kerr-Newman geometry) are presented, and new physical effects are evaluated. PACS 2008 Numbers: 04.20-{\bf q}, 04.20.Ex, 04.40.Nr, 04.70.Bw

gr-qc↗

Nariai--Bertotti--Robinson spacetimes as a building material for one-way wormholes with horizons, but without singularity

We discuss the problem of wormholes from the viewpoint of gluing together two Reissner--Nordström-type universes while putting between them a segment of the Nariai-type world (in both cases there are also present electromagnetic fields as well as the cosmological constant). Such a toy wormhole represents an example of one-way topological communication free from causal paradoxes, though involving a travel to next spacetime sheet since one has to cross at least a pair of horizons through which the spacetimes' junction occurs. We also consider the use of thin shells in these constructions. Such a ``material'' for wormholes we choose taking into account specific properties of the Nariai--Bertotti--Robinson spacetimes.

gr-qc↗

Zeeman-type dragging in the Kerr--Newman and NUT spacetimes

In this communication we discuss two distinct Zeeman-type gravitomagnetic effects deserving attention since they can be easily characterized in their exact form, not via approximation procedures. Some observations are also made on gravitoelectric effects.

gr-qc↗

BF systems on graph cobordisms as topological cosmology

A cosmological model connecting the evolution of universe with a sequence of topology changes described by a collection of specific graph cobordisms, is constructed. It is shown that an adequate topological field theory (of BF-type) can be put into relation to each graph cobordism. The explicit expressions for transition amplitudes (partition functions) are written in these BF-models and it is shown that the basic topological invariants of the graph cobordisms (intersection matrices) play the r{ô}le of coupling constants between the formal analogues of electric and magnetic fluxes quantized {à} la Dirac, but with the use of Poicar{é}--Lefschetz duality. For a specific graph cobordism, the diagonal elements and eigenvalues of the intersection matrix reproduce the hierarchy of dimensionless low-energy coupling constants of the fundamental interactions acting in the real universe.

gr-qc↗

Relativistic generalization of the inertial and gravitational masses equivalence principle

The Newtonian approximation for the gravitational field equation should not necessarily involve admission of non-relativistic properties of the source terms in Einstein's equations: it is sufficient to merely consider the weak-field condition for gravitational field. When a source has electromagnetic nature, one simply {\em cannot} ignore its intrinsically relativistic properties, since there cannot be invented any non-relativistic approximation which would describe electromagnetic stress-energy tensor adequately, even at large distances where the fields become naturally weak. But the test particle on which gravitational field is acting, should be treated as non-relativistic (this premise is required for introduction of the Newtonian potential $Φ_{\rm N}$ from the geodesic equation).

gr-qc↗

Lienard-Wiechert solution revisited

A self-consistent consideration of the Lienard-Wiechert solition is given including its heuristic deduction, which involves a future light cone (thus the lightlike propagation of information from an arbitrarily moving pointlike charge), and physical interpretation of this field via application of three distinct reference frames (of an inertial observer, then a non-inertial one retardedly co-moving with the charged source, and finally, co-moving with the electromagnetic field). In the last frame the magnetic part of the Lienard-Wiechert field identically (though not asymptotically) vanishes in all spacetime together with the Poynting vector. In the second frame, the properties of energy redistribution and radiation of the field are discussed. The dynamically caused propagation velocity of the Lienard-Wiechert electromagnetic field in a vacuum at any final distance from the source is less than that of light.

physics.class-ph↗

Topological gravity on plumbed V-cobordisms

An ensemble of cosmological models based on generalized BF-theory is constructed where the role of vacuum (zero-level) coupling constants is played by topologically invariant rational intersection forms (cosmological-constant matrices) of 4-dimensional plumbed V-cobordisms which are interpreted as Euclidean spacetime regions. For these regions describing topology changes, the rational and integer intersection matrices are calculated. A relation is found between the hierarchy of certain elements of these matrices and the hierarchy of coupling constants of the universal (low-energy) interactions. PACS numbers: 0420G, 0240, 0460

gr-qc↗

A $T_0$-discrete universe model with five low-energy fundamental interactions and the coupling constants hierarchy

A quantum model of universe is constructed in which values of dimensionless coupling constants of the fundamental interactions (including the cosmological constant) are determined via certain topological invariants of manifolds forming finite ensembles of 3D Seifert fibrations. The characteristic values of the coupling constants are explicitly calculated as the set of rational numbers (up to the factor $2π$) on the basis of a hypothesis that these values are proportional to the mean relative fluctuations of discrete volumes of manifolds in these ensembles. The discrete volumes are calculated using the standard Alexandroff procedure of constructing $T_0$-discrete spaces realized as nerves corresponding to characteristic canonical triangulations which are compatible with the Milnor representation of Seifert fibered homology spheres being the building material of all used 3D manifolds. Moreover, the determination of all involved homology spheres is based on the first nine prime numbers ($p_1=2, >..., p_9=23$). The obtained hierarchy of coupling constants at the present evolution stage of universe well reproduces the actual hierarchy of the experimentally observed dimensionless low-energy coupling constants.

gr-qc↗

Discrete model of spacetime in terms of inverse spectra of the $T_0$ Alexandroff topological spaces

The theory of inverse spectra of $T_0$ Alexandroff topological spaces is used to construct a model of $T_0$-discrete four-dimensional spacetime. The universe evolution is interpreted in terms of a sequence of topology changes in the set of $T_0$-discrete spaces realized as nerves of the canonical partitions of three-dimensional compact manifolds. The cosmological time arrow arises being connected with the refinement of the canonical partitions, and it is defined by the action of homomorphisms in the proper inverse spectrum of three-dimensional $T_0$-discrete spaces. A new causal order relation in this spectrum is postulated having the basic properties of the causal order in the pseudo-Riemannian spacetime however also bearing certain quasi-quantum features. An attempt is made to describe topological changes between compact manifolds in terms of bifurcations of proper inverse spectra; this led us to the concept of bispectrum. As a generalization of this concept, inverse multispectra and superspectrum are introduced. The last one enables us to introduce the discrete superspace, a discrete counterpart of the Wheeler--DeWitt superspace.

gr-qc↗

Spacetimes, electromagnetism and fluids (a revision of traditional concepts)

In this talk r-form fields in spacetimes of any dimension D are considered (r<D). The weak-field Newtonian-type limit of Einstein's equations, in general, with relativistic sources is studied in the static case yielding a revision of the equivalence principle (intrinsically relativistic sources generate twice stronger gravitational fields and hyperrelativistic sources, e.g., the stiff matter, generate four times stronger fields than non-relativistic sources). It is shown that analogues of electromagnetic field, strictly speaking, exist only in even-dimensional spacetimes. In (2+1)-dimensional spacetime, the field traditionally interpreted as "magnetic" turns out to be in fact a perfect fluid, and "electric", a perverse fluid (this latter concept arises inevitably in the r-form description of fluids for any D, and we consider here perverse fluids in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime too). New exact solutions of (2+1)-dimensional Einstein's equations with perfect and perverse fluids are obtained, and it is shown that in this case there exists a vast family of static solutions for non-coherent dust, in a sharp contrast to the (3+1)-dimensional case. New general interpretation of the cosmological term in D-dimensional Einstein's equations is given via the (D-1)-form field, and it is shown that this field is as well responsible (as this is the case in 3+1 dimensions) for rotation of perfect fluids [(D-2)-form fields], thus the "source" term in the corresponding field equations has to be interpreted as the rotation term.

gr-qc↗

Anti-de Sitter-type 2+1 spacetime of a charged rotating mass

The exact charged rotating solution of 2+1 Einstein-Maxwell equations with $Λ$ term is obtained and its properties outlined. It generalizes the Cataldo-Cruz-del Campo-Garc{\'ı}a relativistic charged massive black hole on the 2+1 anti-de Sitter cosmological background. We show that rotating solutions correspond to inhomogeneous field equations, thus presence of sources in 2+1 Maxwell's equations cannot be identified with existence of a charge distribution. Instead, these sources are related to the 2+1 Machian 2-form field, and the overall Lagrangian structure of the rotating system is reconstructed.

gr-qc↗

Modelling general relativistic perfect fluids in field theoretic language

Skew-symmetric massless fields, their potentials being $r$-forms, are close analogues of Maxwell's field (though the non-linear cases also should be considered). We observe that only two of them ($r=$2 and 3) automatically yield stress-energy tensors characteristic to normal perfect fluids. It is shown that they naturally describe both non-rotating ($r=2$) and rotating (then a combination of $r=2$ and $r=3$ fields is indispensable) general relativistic perfect fluids possessing every type of equations of state. Meanwile, a free $r=3$ field is completely equivalent to appearance of the cosmological term in Einstein's equations. Sound waves represent perturbations propagating on the background of the $r=2$ field. Some exotic properties of these two fields are outlined.

gr-qc↗

Relativistic Physics in Arbitrary Reference Frames

In this paper we give a review of the most general approach to description of reference frames, the monad formalism. This approach is explicitly general covariant at each step, permitting to use abstract representation of tensor quantities; it is applicable also to special relativity when non-inertial effects are considered in its context; moreover, it involves no hypotheses whatsoever thus being a completely natural one. For the sake of the reader's convenience, a synopsis of tensor calculus in pseudo-Riemannian space-time precedes discussion of the subject, containing expressions rarely encountered in literature but essentially facilitating the consideration. We give also a comparison of the monad formalism with the other approaches to description of reference frames in general relativity. In three chapters we consider applications of the monad formalism to general relativistic mechanics, electromagnetic and gravitational fields theory. Alongside of the general theory, which includes the monad representation of basic equations of motion of (charged) particles and of fields, several concrete solutions are provided to clarify the physical role and practical application of reference frames (e.g., cases when a rotating electrically charged fluid does not produce any electric field in its co-moving reference frame, or kinematic magnetic charges arise in a rotating frame). The cases are discussed when it is unnecessary to introduce a reference frame, and when such an introduction is essential. Special attention is dedicated to analogy between gravitation, electromagnetism and mechanics (e.g., the dragging phenomenon and existence in the Maxwell equations in rotating frames of terms of the same nature as that of the Coriolis and centrifugal forces).

gr-qc↗