Ninglun Gu | Searcharxiv

arXiv2025

Beyond Benchmarks: LLM Evaluation with an Anthropomorphic and Lifecycle-oriented Roadmap

Despite their rapid advancement, large language models (LLMs) suffer from a critical disconnect between benchmark scores and real-world utility. Current evaluation remains fragmented, prioritizing isolated technical metrics over the holistic, developmental, and societal aspects essential for deployment. Rather than serving merely as a descriptive catalog, this work establishes a diagnostic ontology that causally maps evaluation dimensions to the canonical LLM training pipeline, transforming evaluation from static ranking into a diagnostic tool for root-cause analysis. In this paper, we introduce an anthropomorphic evaluation framework that re-conceptualizes LLM capabilities through a four-dimensional lens: Intelligence Quotient (IQ), Professional Quotient (PQ), Emotional Quotient (EQ), and Value-oriented Quotient (VQ). We operationalize these concepts through a modular evaluation architecture and validate the framework's diagnostic claims through meta-analysis of public benchmark trends. Analyzing over 200 benchmarks, we synthesize key challenges and future directions. This work offers a strategic compass for developing LLMs that are not only technically proficient but also contextually relevant and ethically sound. A curated repository is available at: https://github.com/onejune2018/Awesome-LLM-Eval.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

Beyond Scaling Law: A Data-Efficient Distillation Framework for Reasoning

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable reasoning capabilities in tasks such as algorithmic coding and mathematical problem-solving. Recent methods have improved reasoning through expanded corpus and multistage training combining reinforcement learning and supervised fine-tuning. Although some methods suggest that small but targeted dataset can incentivize reasoning via only distillation, a reasoning scaling laws is still taking shape, increasing computational costs. To address this, we propose a data-efficient distillation framework (DED) that optimizes the Pareto frontier of reasoning distillation. Inspired by the on-policy learning and diverse roll-out strategies of reinforcement learning, the key idea of our approach is threefold: (1) We identify that benchmark scores alone do not determine an effective teacher model. Through comprehensive comparisons of leading reasoning LLMs, we develop a method to select an optimal teacher model. (2) While scaling distillation can enhance reasoning, it often degrades out-of-domain performance. A carefully curated, smaller corpus achieves a balanced trade-off between in-domain and out-of-domain capabilities. (3) Diverse reasoning trajectories encourage the student model to develop robust reasoning skills. We validate our method through evaluations on mathematical reasoning (AIME 2024/2025, MATH-500) and code generation (LiveCodeBench), achieving state-of-the-art results with only 0.8k carefully curated examples, bypassing the need for extensive scaling. Our systematic analysis demonstrates that DED outperforms existing methods by considering factors beyond superficial hardness, token length, or teacher model capability. This work offers a practical and efficient pathway to advanced reasoning while preserving general capabilities.

cs.LG↗