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Niranjan Balachandran

Publications and source records attributed to Niranjan Balachandran.

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Fractional L-intersecting families

Let $L = \{\frac{a_1}{b_1}, \ldots , \frac{a_s}{b_s}\}$, where for every $i \in [s]$, $\frac{a_i}{b_i} \in [0,1)$ is an irreducible fraction. Let $\mathcal{F} = \{A_1, \ldots , A_m\}$ be a family of subsets of $[n]$. We say $\mathcal{F}$ is a \emph{fractional $L$-intersecting family} if for every distinct $i,j \in [m]$, there exists an $\frac{a}{b} \in L$ such that $|A_i \cap A_j| \in \{ \frac{a}{b}|A_i|, \frac{a}{b} |A_j|\}$. In this paper, we introduce and study the notion of fractional $L$-intersecting families.

math.CO↗

Vertex transitive graphs $G$ with $χ_D(G) > χ(G)$ and small automorphism group

For a graph $G$ and a positive integer $k$, a vertex labelling $f:V(G)\to\{1,2\ldots,k\}$ is said to be $k$-distinguishing if no non-trivial automorphism of $G$ preserves the sets $f^{-1}(i)$ for each $i\in\{1,\ldots,k\}$. The distinguishing chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted $χ_D(G)$, is defined as the minimum $k$ such that there is a $k$-distinguishing labelling of $V(G)$ which is also a proper coloring of the vertices of $G$. In this paper, we prove the following theorem: Given $k\in\mathbb{N}$, there exists an infinite sequence of vertex-transitive graphs $G_{i}=(V_i,E_i)$ such that $χ_D(G_i)>χ(G_i)>k$ and $|\mathrm{Aut}(G_i)|=O_k(|V_i|)$, where $\mathrm{Aut}(G_i)$ denotes the full automorphism group of $G_i$. In particular, this answers a problem raised in the paper $χ_D(G)$, $|\mathrm{Aut}(G)|$ and a variant of the Motion lemma.

math.CO↗

System of unbiased representatives for a collection of bicolorings

Let $\mathcal{B}$ denote a set of bicolorings of $[n]$, where each bicoloring is a mapping of the points in $[n]$ to $\{-1,+1\}$. For each $B \in \mathcal{B}$, let $Y_B=(B(1),\ldots,B(n))$. For each $A \subseteq [n]$, let $X_A \in \{0,1\}^n$ denote the incidence vector of $A$. A non-empty set $A$ is said to be an `unbiased representative' for a bicoloring $B \in \mathcal{B}$ if $\left\langle X_A,Y_B\right\rangle =0$. Given a set $\mathcal{B}$ of bicolorings, we study the minimum cardinality of a family $\mathcal{A}$ consisting of subsets of $[n]$ such that every bicoloring in $\mathcal{B}$ has an unbiased representative in $\mathcal{A}$.

math.CO↗

Resilience of Complex Networks

This article determines and characterizes the minimal number of actuators needed to ensure structural controllability of a linear system under structural alterations that can severe the connection between any two states. We assume that initially the system is structurally controllable with respect to a given set of controls, and propose an efficient system-synthesis mechanism to find the minimal number of additional actuators required for resilience of the system w.r.t such structural changes. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by using standard IEEE power networks.

eess.SY↗

Induced bisecting families for hypergraphs

Two $n$-dimensional vectors $A$ and $B$, $A,B \in \mathbb{R}^n$, are said to be \emph{trivially orthogonal} if in every coordinate $i \in [n]$, at least one of $A(i)$ or $B(i)$ is zero. Given the $n$-dimensional Hamming cube $\{0,1\}^n$, we study the minimum cardinality of a set $\mathcal{V}$ of $n$-dimensional $\{-1,0,1\}$ vectors, each containing exactly $d$ non-zero entries, such that every `possible' point $A \in \{0,1\}^n$ in the Hamming cube has some $V \in \mathcal{V}$ which is orthogonal, but not trivially orthogonal, to $A$. We give asymptotically tight lower and (constructive) upper bounds for such a set $\mathcal{V}$ except for the even values of $d \in Ω(n^{0.5+ε})$, for any $ε$, $0< ε\leq 0.5$.

math.CO↗

Distinguishing Chromatic Number of Random Cayley graphs

The \textit{Distinguishing Chromatic Number} of a graph $G$, denoted $χ_D(G)$, was first defined in \cite{collins} as the minimum number of colors needed to properly color $G$ such that no non-trivial automorphism $ϕ$ of the graph $G$ fixes each color class of $G$. In this paper, we consider random Cayley graphs $Γ(A,S)$ defined over certain abelian groups $A$ and show that with probability at least $1-n^{-Ω(\log n)}$ we have, $χ_D(Γ)\leχ(Γ) + 1$.

math.CO↗

The List Distinguishing Number of Kneser Graphs

A graph $G$ is said to be $k$-distinguishable if the vertex set can be colored using $k$ colors such that no non-trivial automorphism fixes every color class, and the distinguishing number $D(G)$ is the least integer $k$ for which $G$ is $k$-distinguishable. If for each $v\in V(G)$ we have a list $L(v)$ of colors, and we stipulate that the color assigned to vertex $v$ comes from its list $L(v)$ then $G$ is said to be $\mathcal{L}$-distinguishable where $\mathcal{L} =\{L(v)\}_{v\in V(G)}$. The list distinguishing number of a graph, denoted $D_l(G)$, is the minimum integer $k$ such that every collection of lists $\mathcal{L}$ with $|L(v)|=k$ admits an $\mathcal{L}$-distinguishing coloring. In this paper, we prove that $D_l(G)=D(G)$ when $G$ is a Kneser graph.

math.CO↗

$χ_D(G)$, $|Aut(G)|$, and a variant of the Motion Lemma

The \textit{Distinguishing Chromatic Number} of a graph $G$, denoted $χ_D(G)$, was first defined in \cite{collins} as the minimum number of colors needed to properly color $G$ such that no non-trivial automorphism $ϕ$ of the graph $G$ fixes each color class of $G$. In this paper, 1. We prove a lemma that may be considered a variant of the Motion lemma of \cite{RS} and use this to give examples of several families of graphs which satisfy $χ_D(G)=χ(G)+1$. 2.We give an example of families of graphs that admit large automorphism groups in which every proper coloring is distinguishing. We also describe families of graphs with (relatively) very small automorphism groups which satisfy $χ_D(G)=χ(G)+1$, for arbitrarily large values of $χ(G)$. 3. We describe non-trivial families of bipartite graphs that satisfy $χ_D(G)>r$ for any positive integer $r$.

math.CO↗

Deterministic and probabilistic algorithms for stabilizing discrete-time switched linear systems

In this article we study algorithmic synthesis of the class of stabilizing switching signals for discrete-time switched linear systems proposed in [12]. A weighted digraph is associated in a natural way to a switched system, and the switching signal is expressed as an infinite walk on this weighted digraph. We employ graph-theoretic tools and discuss different algorithms for designing walks whose corresponding switching signals satisfy the stabilizing switching conditions proposed in [12]. We also address the issue of how likely/generic it is for a family of systems to admit stabilizing switching signals, and under mild assumptions give sufficient conditions for the same. Our solutions have both deterministic and probabilistic flavours.

eess.SY↗

On an Extremal Hypergraph Problem Related to Combinatorial Batch Codes

Let $n, r, k$ be positive integers such that $3\leq k < n$ and $2\leq r \leq k-1$. Let $m(n, r, k)$ denote the maximum number of edges an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices can have under the condition that any collection of $i$ edges, span at least $i$ vertices for all $1 \leq i \leq k$. We are interested in the asymptotic nature of $m(n, r, k)$ for fixed $r$ and $k$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. This problem is related to the forbidden hypergraph problem introduced by Brown, Erdős, and Sós and very recently discussed in the context of combinatorial batch codes. In this short paper we obtain the following results. {enumerate}[(i)] Using a result due to Erdős we are able to show $m(n, k, r) = o(n^r)$ for $7\leq k$, and $3 \leq r \leq k-1-\lceil\log k \rceil$. This result is best possible with respect to the upper bound on $r$ as we subsequently show through explicit construction that for $6 \leq k$, and $k-\lceil \log k \rceil \leq r \leq k-1, m(n, r, k) = Θ(n^r)$. This explicit construction improves on the non-constructive general lower bound obtained by Brown, Erdős, and Sós for the considered parameter values. For 2-uniform CBCs we obtain the following results. {enumerate} We provide exact value of $m(n, 2, 5)$ for $n \geq 5$. Using a result of Lazebnik,et al. regarding maximum size of graphs with large girth, we improve the existing lower bound on $m(n, 2, k)$ ($Ω(n^{\frac{k+1}{k-1}})$) for all $k \geq 8$ and infinitely many values of $n$. We show $m(n, 2, k) = O(n^{1+\frac{1}{\lfloor\frac{k}{4}\rfloor}})$ by using a result due to Bondy and Simonovits, and also show $m(n, 2, k) = Θ(n^{3/2})$ for $k = 6, 7, 8$ by using a result of Kövari, Sós, and Turán.

cs.DM↗

A transform of complementary aspects with applications to entropic uncertainty relations

Even though mutually unbiased bases and entropic uncertainty relations play an important role in quantum cryptographic protocols they remain ill understood. Here, we construct special sets of up to 2n+1 mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in dimension d=2^n which have particularly beautiful symmetry properties derived from the Clifford algebra. More precisely, we show that there exists a unitary transformation that cyclically permutes such bases. This unitary can be understood as a generalization of the Fourier transform, which exchanges two MUBs, to multiple complementary aspects. We proceed to prove a lower bound for min-entropic entropic uncertainty relations for any set of MUBs, and show that symmetry plays a central role in obtaining tight bounds. For example, we obtain for the first time a tight bound for four MUBs in dimension d=4, which is attained by an eigenstate of our complementarity transform. Finally, we discuss the relation to other symmetries obtained by transformations in discrete phase space, and note that the extrema of discrete Wigner functions are directly related to min-entropic uncertainty relations for MUBs.

quant-ph↗

Graphs with restricted valency and matching number

Consider the family of all finite graphs with maximum degree $Δ(G)<d$ and matching number $ν(G)<m$. In this paper we give a new proof to obtain the exact upper bound for the number of edges in such graphs and also characterize all the cases when the maximal graph is unique. We also provide a new proof of Gallai's lemma concerning factor critical graphs.

math.CO↗