arXiv subjects

O. Hen

Publications and source records attributed to O. Hen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

arXiv2017

Workshop on High-Intensity Photon Sources (HIPS2017) Mini-Proceedings

This workshop aimed at producing an optimized photon source concept with potential increase of scientific output at Jefferson Lab, and at refining the science for hadron physics experiments benefitting from such a high-intensity photon source. The workshop brought together the communities directly using such sources for photo-production experiments, or for conversion into $K_L$ beams. The combination of high precision calorimetry and high intensity photon sources greatly enhances scientific benefit to (deep) exclusive processes like wide-angle and time-like Compton scattering. Potential prospects of such a high-intensity source with modern polarized targets were also discussed. The availability of $K_L$ beams would open new avenues for hadron spectroscopy, for example for the investigation of "missing" hyperon resonances, with potential impact on QCD thermodynamics and on freeze-out both in heavy ion collisions and in the early universe.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2017

Design and Construction of the MicroBooNE Detector

This paper describes the design and construction of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber and associated systems. MicroBooNE is the first phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment of physics topics. In this document details of design specifications, assembly procedures, and acceptance tests are reported.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

Convolutional Neural Networks Applied to Neutrino Events in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber

We present several studies of convolutional neural networks applied to data coming from the MicroBooNE detector, a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). The algorithms studied include the classification of single particle images, the localization of single particle and neutrino interactions in an image, and the detection of a simulated neutrino event overlaid with cosmic ray backgrounds taken from real detector data. These studies demonstrate the potential of convolutional neural networks for particle identification or event detection on simulated neutrino interactions. We also address technical issues that arise when applying this technique to data from a large LArTPC at or near ground level.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2016

Analysis of Neutron Stars Observations Using a Correlated Fermi Gas Model

Background: The nuclear symmetry energy is a fundamental ingredient in determining the equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars (NS). Recent terrestrial experiments constrain both its value and slope at nuclear saturation density, however, its value at higher densities is unknown. Assuming a Free Fermi-gas (FFG) model for the kinetic symmetry energy, the high-density extrapolation depends on a single parameter, the density dependence of the potential symmetry energy. The Correlated Fermi-gas (CFG) model improves on the FFG model by including the effects of short-range, correlated, high-momentum, nucleons in nuclear matter. Using the CFG model for the kinetic symmetry energy along with constraints from terrestrial measurements leads to a much softer density dependence for the potential symmetry energy. Purpose: Examine the ability of the FFG and CFG models to describe NS observables that are directly sensitive to the symmetry energy at high-density. Specifically, examine the ability of the CFG model, with its softer density dependence of the potential symmetry energy, to describe a two solar-mass NS. Methods: Using a Bayesian analysis of NS observables we compare the CFG and FFG models and examine the resulting parameters in the NS EOS and the density dependence of the potential symmetry energy. Results: Despite the large difference in the density dependence of the potential part of the symmetry energy, both models can describe the NS data and support a two solar-mass NS. The different density dependences has only a small effect on the NS EOS. Conclusions: While sensitive to the high-density values of the symmetry energy, NS observables alone are not enough to distinguish between the CFG and FFG models. This indicates that the NS EOS, obtain from Bayesian analysis of NS observables, is robust and is not sensitive to the exact nuclear model used for the kinetic symmetry energy.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2016

Hammer events, neutrino energies, and nucleon-nucleon correlations

Neutrino oscillation measurements depend on a difference between the rate of neutrino-nucleus interactions at different neutrino energies or different distances from the source. Knowledge of the neutrino energy spectrum and neutrino-detector interactions are crucial for these experiments. Short range nucleon-nucleon correlations in nuclei (SRC) affect properties of nuclei. The ArgoNeut liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (lArTPC) observed neutrino-argon scattering events with two protons back-to-back in the final state ("hammer" events) which they associated with SRC pairs. The MicroBoone lArTPC will measure far more of these events. We simulate hammer events using two simple models. We use the well-known electron-nucleon cross section to calculate e-argon interactions where the e- scatters from a proton, ejecting a pi+, and the pi+ is then absorbed on a moving deuteron-like $np$ pair. We also use a model where the electron excites a nucleon to a Delta, which then deexcites by interacting with a second nucleon. The pion production model results in two protons very similar to those of the hammer events. These distributions are insensitive to the momentum of the $np$ pair that absorbed the $π$. The incident neutrino energy can be reconstructed from just the outgoing lepton. The Delta process results in two protons that are less similar to the observed events. ArgoNeut hammer events can be described by a simple pion production and reabsorption model. These hammer events in MicroBooNE can be used to determine the incident neutrino energy but not to learn about SRC. We suggest that this reaction channel could be used for neutrino oscillation experiments to complement other channels with higher statistics but different systematic uncertainties.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2015

Correlated Fermion Pairs in Nuclei and Ultracold Atomic Gases

Background: The high momentum distribution of atoms in two spin-state ultra-cold atomic gases with strong short-range interactions between atoms with different spins, which can be described using Tan's contact, are dominated by short range pairs of different fermions and decreases as $k^{-4}$. In atomic nuclei the momentum distribution of nucleons above the Fermi momentum ($k>k_F \approx 250$ Mev/c) is also dominated by short rangecorrelated different-fermion (neutron-proton) pairs. Purpose: Compare high-momentum unlike-fermion momentum distributions in atomic and nuclear systems. Methods: We show that, for $k>k_F$ MeV/c, nuclear momentum distributions are proportional to that of the deuteron. We then examine the deuteron momentum distributions derived from a wide variety of modern nucleon-nucleon potentials that are consistent with $NN$-scattering data. Results: The high momentum tail of the deuteron momentum distribution, and hence of the nuclear momentum distributions appears to decrease as $k^{-4}$. This behavior is shown to arise from the effects of the tensor part of the nucleon-nucleon potential. In addition, when the dimensionless interaction strength for the atomic system is chosen to be similar to that of atomic nuclei, the probability for finding a short range different-fermion pair in both systems is the same. Conclusions: Although nuclei do not satisfy all of the conditions for Tan's contact, the observed similarity of the magnitude and $k^{-4}$ shape of nuclear and atomic momentum distributions is remarkable because these systems differ by about $20$ orders of magnitude in density. This similarity may lead to a greater understanding of nuclei and the density dependence of nuclear systems.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2015

Extracting the Mass Dependence and Quantum Numbers of Short-Range Correlated Pairs from A(e,e'p) and A(e,e'pp) Scattering

The nuclear mass dependence of the number of short-range correlated (SRC) proton-proton (pp) and proton-neutron (pn) pairs in nuclei is a sensitive probe of the dynamics of short-range pairs in the ground state of atomic nuclei. This work presents an analysis of electroinduced single-proton and two-proton knockout measurements off 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, and 208Pb in kinematics dominated by scattering off SRC pairs. The nuclear mass dependence of the observed A(e,e'pp)/12C(e,e'pp) cross-section ratios and the extracted number of pp- and pn-SRC pairs are much softer than the mass dependence of the total number of possible pairs. This is in agreement with a physical picture of SRC affecting predominantly nucleon-nucleon pairs in a nodeless relative-S state of the mean-field basis.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2015

A Proposal for a Three Detector Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Program in the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam

A Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program of three LAr-TPC detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab is presented. This new SBN Program will deliver a rich and compelling physics opportunity, including the ability to resolve a class of experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and to perform the most sensitive search to date for sterile neutrinos at the eV mass-scale through both appearance and disappearance oscillation channels. Using data sets of 6.6e20 protons on target (P.O.T.) in the LAr1-ND and ICARUS T600 detectors plus 13.2e20 P.O.T. in the MicroBooNE detector, we estimate that a search for muon neutrino to electron neutrino appearance can be performed with ~5 sigma sensitivity for the LSND allowed (99% C.L.) parameter region. In this proposal for the SBN Program, we describe the physics analysis, the conceptual design of the LAr1-ND detector, the design and refurbishment of the T600 detector, the necessary infrastructure required to execute the program, and a possible reconfiguration of the BNB target and horn system to improve its performance for oscillation searches.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2014

Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions, protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron scattering measurements using 12C, 27Al, 56Fe and 208Pb targets show that, even in heavy neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin state, ultra-cold atomic gas systems.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

Proton and Neutron Momentum Distributions in A = 3 Asymmetric Nuclei

A proposal approved by the Jefferson Lab (JLab) PAC to study the proton-to-neutron momentum distribution ratio in A=3 nuclei via (e,e'p) scattering off 3He and 3H mirror nuclei. The experiment will measure the 3H(e,e'p) and 3He(e,e'p) cross-sections and cross-section ratios at Q2 = 2 and xB>1 kinematics, over a missing momentum range of 0 - 450 MeV/c. The experiment was approved in 2014 at part of the JLab Hall-A Tritium run period for a total run time of 12 days.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

In Medium Nucleon Structure Functions, SRC, and the EMC effect

A proposal approved by the Jefferson Lab PAC to study semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) off the deuteron, tagged with high momentum recoiling protons or neutrons emitted at large angle relative to the momentum transfer. This experiment aims at studying the virtuality dependence of the bound nucleon structure function as a possible cause to the EMC effect and the EMC-SRC correlations. The experiment was approved in 2011 for a total run time of 40 days.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2014

Probing the Repulsive Core of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction via the 4He(e,e'pN) Triple-Coincidence Reaction

We studied simultaneously the 4He(e,e'p), 4He(e,e'pp), and 4He(e,e'pn) reactions at Q^2=2 [GeV/c]2 and x_B>1, for a (e,e'p) missing-momentum range of 400 to 830 MeV/c. The knocked-out proton was detected in coincidence with a proton or neutron recoiling almost back to back to the missing momentum, leaving the residual A=2 system at low excitation energy. These data were used to identify two-nucleon short-range correlated pairs and to deduce their isospin structure as a function of missing momentum in a region where the nucleon-nucleon force is expected to change from predominantly tensor to repulsive. Neutron-proton pairs dominate the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distributions, but their abundance is reduced as the nucleon momentum increases beyond ~500 MeV/c. The extracted fraction of proton-proton pairs is small and almost independent of the missing momentum in the range we studied. Our data are compared with ab-initio calculations of two-nucleon momentum distributions in 4He.

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arXiv2013

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei

Recent developments in understanding the influence of the nucleus on deep-inelastic structure functions, the EMC effect, are reviewed. A new data base which expresses ratios of structure functions in terms of the Bjorken variable $x_A=AQ^2/(2M_A q_0)$ is presented. Information about two-nucleon short-range correlations from experiments is also discussed and the remarkable linear relation between short-range correlations and teh EMC effect is reviewed. A convolution model that relates the underlying source of the EMC effect to modification of either the mean-field nucleons or the short-range correlated nucleons is presented. It is shown that both approaches are equally successful in describing the current EMC data.

nucl-th↗

arXiv2013

Measurement of transparency ratios for protons from short-range correlated pairs

Nuclear transparency, Tp(A), is a measure of the average probability for a struck proton to escape the nucleus without significant re-interaction. Previously, nuclear transparencies were extructed for quasi-elastic A(e,e'p) knockout of protons with momentum below the Fermi momentum, where the spectral functions are well known. In this paper we extract a novel observable, the transparency ratio, Tp(A)/T_p(12C), for knockout of high-missing-momentum protons from the breakup of short range correlated pairs (2N-SRC) in Al, Fe and Pb nuclei relative to C. The ratios were measured at momentum transfer Q^2 > 1.5 (GeV/c)^2 and x_B > 1.2 where the reaction is expected to be dominated by electron scattering from 2N-SRC. The transparency ratios of the knocked-out protons coming from 2N-SRC breakup are 20 - 30% lower than those of previous results for low missing momentum. They agree with Glauber calculations and agree with renormalization of the previously published transparencies as proposed by recent theoretical investigations. The new transparencies scale as A^-1/3, which is consistent with dominance of scattering from nucleons at the nuclear surface.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2012

New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2012

Disentangling the EMC Effect

The deep inelastic scattering cross section for scattering from bound nucleons differs from that of free nucleons.This phenomena, first discovered 30 years ago, is known as the EMC effect and is still not fully understood. Recent analysis of world data showed that the strength of the EMC effect is linearly correlated with the relative amount of Two-Nucleon Short Range Correlated pairs (2N-SRC) in nuclei. The latter are pairs of nucleons whose wave functions overlap, giving them large relative momentum and low center of mass momentum, where high and low is relative to the Fermi momentum of the nucleus. The observed correlation indicates that the EMC effect, like 2N-SRC pairs, is related to high momentum nucleons in the nucleus. This paper reviews previous studies of the EMC-SRC correlation and studies its robustness. It also presents a planned experiment aimed at studying the origin of this EMC-SRC correlation.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2012

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effect

Recently published measurements of the two nucleon short range correlation ($NN$-SRC) scaling factors, $a_2(A/d)$, strengthen the previously observed correlation between the magnitude of the EMC effect measured in electron deep inelastic scattering at $0.35\le x_B\le 0.7$ and the SRC scaling factor measured at $x_B \ge 1$. The new results have improved precision and include previously unmeasured nuclei. The measurements of $a_2(A/d)$ for $^9$Be and $^{197}$Au agree with published predictions based on the EMC-SRC correlation. This paper examines the effects of the new data and of different corrections to the data on the slope and quality of the EMC-SRC correlation, the size of the extracted deuteron IMC effect, and the free neutron structure function. The results show that the linear EMC-SRC correlation is robust and that the slope of the correlation is insensitive to most combinations of corrections examined in this work. This strengthens the interpretation that both $NN$-SRC and the EMC effect are related to high momentum nucleons in the nucleus.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2012

Measurement of the Neutron Radius of 208Pb Through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_PV in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from 208Pb. A_PV is sensitive to the radius of the neutron distribution (Rn). The result A_PV = 0.656 \pm 0.060 (stat) \pm 0.014 (syst) ppm corresponds to a difference between the radii of the neutron and proton distributions Rn - Rp = 0.33 +0.16 -0.18 fm and provides the first electroweak observation of the neutron skin which is expected in a heavy, neutron-rich nucleus.

nucl-ex↗