arXiv subjects

Oisín Hamilton

Publications and source records attributed to Oisín Hamilton.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Alternate states and intermingledness in complex high-dimensional systems

Many natural systems posses, and can transition between, multiple alternative states. For example, a climate ``tipping element'' is a climate component that can transition to an alternative steady state due to an external perturbation such as global warming. Despite the potential impact, existence of alternate states in realistic, complex simulations (e.g. climate models) remain poorly understood. Arguably a reason for this is the lack of applicable methodology that explicitly targets finite yet high-dimensional datasets. In this work we utilize recent progress in computational nonlinear dynamics to formulate a workflow that analyses potentially multi-state simulation data and decides algorithmically what are the alternate states contained within, if any are clearly distinguishable. The framework undergoes an optimization routine that showcases which observables in the data best differentiate the alternate states, and which ones do not differentiate at all, which could be used to guide monitoring and early-warning for multistable components in climate or ecosystems. Finally, once the alternate states have been found, we define an indicator called ``intermingledness''. It quantifies differences and similarities between alternate states, as well as for their basins of attraction (if applicable), across various diagnostic variables. We analyse and present results using three diverse climate datasets: Atlantic ocean circulation, atmospheric midlatitude flow, and habitability of exoplanets. The method is not exclusive to climatic data, but applicable to a variety of cases, including complex networks such as power grids or biological networks. We also provide easy-to-use open source code for applying the workflow to new data.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2025

Predictability of north Pacific blocking events : Analogue based analysis of historical MIROC6 simulations

Atmospheric blocking exerts a profound influence on mid-latitude circulation, yet its predictability remains elusive due to intrinsic non-linearities and sensitivity to initial-conditions. While blocking dynamics have been extensively studied, the impact of geographical positioning on predictability remains largely unexplored. This study provides a comparative assessment of the predictability of Western and Eastern North Pacific blocking events, leveraging analogue-based diagnostics applied to CMIP6 MIROC6 simulations. Blocking structures are identified using geopotential height gradient reversal, with their temporal evolution analysed through trajectory tracking and error growth metrics. Results reveal that Eastern blocks exhibit lower predictability, characterized by rapid error divergence and heightened mean logarithmic growth rates, whereas Western blocks display dynamical stability. Persistence analysis gives no significant difference between eastern and western North Pacific blocking events. Sensitivity analyses across varying detection thresholds validate the robustness of these findings.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2025

Using Unstable Periodic Orbits to Understand Blocking Behaviour in a Low Order Land-Atmosphere Model

Unstable Periodic Orbits (UPOs) were used to identify regimes, and transitions between regimes, in a reduced-order coupled atmosphere-land spectral model. In this paper we describe how the chaotic attractor of this model was clustered using the numerically derived set of UPOs. Using continuation software, the origin of these clusters were also investigated. The flow of model trajectories can be approximated using UPOs, a concept known as shadowing. Here we extend that idea to look at the number of times a UPO shadows a model trajectory over a fixed time period, which we call cumulative shadowing. This concept was used to identify sets of UPOs that describe different life cycles of each cluster. The different regions of the attractor that were identified in the current work, and the transitions between these regions, are linked to specific atmospheric features known as atmospheric blocks.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2023

Multistability in a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Reduced Order Model: Non-linear Temperature Equations

Multistabilities were found in the ocean-atmosphere flow, in a reduced order ocean-atmosphere coupled model, when the non-linear temperature equations were solved numerically. In this paper we explain how the full non-linear Stefan-Bolzmann law was numerically implemented, and the resulting change to the system dynamics compared to the original model where these terms were linearised. Multiple stable solutions were found that display distinct ocean-atmosphere flows, as well as different Lyapunov stability properties. In addition, distinct Low Frequency Variability (LFV) behaviour was observed in stable attractors. We investigated the impact on these solutions of changing the magnitude of the ocean-atmospheric coupling, as well as the atmospheric emissivity to simulate an increasing green-house effect. Where multistabilities exist for fixed parameters, the possibility for tipping between solutions was investigated, but tipping did not occur in this version of the model where there is a constant solar forcing. This study was undertaken using a reduced-order quasi-geostrophic ocean-atmosphere model, consisting of two atmosphere layers, and one ocean layer, implemented in the Python programming language.

physics.ao-ph↗