Lie and Jordan Isomorphisms of Algebras of Triangular Matrices over Associative Rings
We describe Lie and Jordan isomorphisms of algebras of triangular matrices over associative rings.
arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Oksana Bezushchak.
We describe Lie and Jordan isomorphisms of algebras of triangular matrices over associative rings.
Let $V$ be an infinite-dimensional vector space over a field of characteristic not equal to $2$. Given a nondegenerate quadratic form $f$ on $V$, we consider the Clifford algebra $\mathrm{Cl}(V,f)$. Any orthogonal linear transformation of $V$ extends to a Bogolyubov automorphism of $\mathrm{Cl}(V,f)$. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a Bogolyubov automorphism to be inner.
Let $A$ be a unital locally matrix algebra. Among the examples of such algebras are: (1) an infinite tensor product $\otimes M_{n_i}(\mathbb{F})$ of matrix algebras over a field $\mathbb{F}$, and (2) the Clifford algebra of a nondegenerate quadratic form on an infinite-dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from $2$. We describe linear mappings $A \to B$ between unital locally matrix algebras that preserve the normalized rank. When $\mathbb{F}$ is a field of real or complex numbers, we also describe linear mappings $A \to A$ that preserve the normalized determinant.
D. Benkovič described Jordan homomorphisms of algebras of triangular matrices over a commutative unital ring without additive $2$-torsion. We extend this result to the case of noncommutative rings and remove the assumption of additive torsion. Let $R$ be an associative unital algebra over a commutative unital ring $Φ$. Consider the algebra $T_n(R)$ of triangular $n \times n$ matrices over $R$, and its subalgebra $T_n^0(R)$ consisting of matrices whose main diagonal entries lie in $Φ$. We prove that for any Jordan homomorphism of $T_n(R)$, its restriction to $T_n^0(R)$ is standard.
Let $W_X(\mathbb{F})$ be the Lie algebra of all derivations of the polynomial algebra $\mathbb{F}[X]$ in infinitely many variables. We describe all derivations of $W_X(\mathbb{F})$ over a field of characteristic zero and prove that all such derivations are inner. We also consider the subalgebras $W_\infty(\mathbb{F})$ and $W_{\text{fin}}(\mathbb{F})$ of the algebra $W_X(\mathbb{F})$ and describe all of their derivations.
An associative ring $A$ gives rise to the Lie ring $A^{(-)}=(A,[a,b ]=ab-ba)$. The subject of isomorphisms of Lie rings $A^{(-)}$ and $[A,A]$ has attracted considerable attention in the literature. We prove that if the identity element of $A$ decomposes into a sum of at least three full orthogonal idempotents, then any isomorphism from the Lie ring $[A,A]$ to the Lie ring $[B,B]$ is standard. For non-unital rings, the description is more intricate. Under a certain assumption on idempotents, we extend a Lie isomorphism from $[A,A]$ to $[B,B]$ to a homomorphism of associative rings $\widehat{A\oplus A^{op}}\to B,$ where $A^{op}=(A,a\cdot b= b\cdot a),$ and $\widehat{A\oplus A^{op}}\to A\oplus A^{op}$ is the universal annihilator extension of the ring $A\oplus A^{op}.$ The results obtained are then applied to the description of automorphisms and derivations of Lie algebras of infinite matrices.
We describe derivations of the Clifford algebra of a nondegenerate quadratic form on a countable dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to $2$. We also construct an algebraic automorphism of the Clifford algebra of a positive definite quadratic form that is not continuous.
We describe isomorphisms of groups of several periodic infinite matrices and isomorphisms of groups of invertible elements of unital locally matrix algebras.
We prove analogs of A.~Selberg's result for finitely generated subgroups of $\text{Aut}(A)$ and of Engel's theorem for subalgebras of $\text{Der}(A)$ for a finitely generated associative commutative algebra $A$ over an associative commutative ring. We prove also an analog of the theorem of W.~Burnside and I.~Schur about locally finiteness of torsion subgroups of $\text{Aut}(A)$.
We parameterize countable locally standard measure algebras by pairs of a Steinitz number and a real number greater or equal to 1. This is an analog of the theorems of J.Dixmier and A.A.Baranov.
Let V be an infinite-dimensional vector space over a field of characteristic not equal to 2. We classify ideals of the Lie algebra gl(V) of all linear transformations of the space V.
We describe automorphisms and derivations of several important associative and Lie algebras of infinite matrices over a field.
We describe spectra of associative (not necessarily unital and not necessarily countable-dimensional) locally matrix algebras. We determine all possible spectra of locally matrix algebras and give a new proof of Dixmier-Baranov Theorem. As an application of our description of spectra we determine embeddings of locally matrix algebras.
Let $A$ be a unital locally matrix algebra over a field $\mathbb{F}$ of characteristic different from $2.$ We find necessary and sufficient condition for the Lie algebra $A\diagup\mathbb{F}\cdot 1$ to be simple and for the Lie algebra of derivations $\text{Der}(A)$ to be topologically simple. The condition depends on the Steinitz number of $A$ only.
We describe derivations and automorphisms of infinite tensor products of matrix algebras. Using this description we show that for a countable--dimensional locally matrix algebra $A$ over a field $\mathbb{F}$ the dimension of the Lie algebra of outer derivations of $A$ and the order of the group of outer automorphisms of $A$ are both equal to $|\mathbb{F}|^{\aleph_0},$ where $|\mathbb{F}|$ is the cardinality of the field $\mathbb{F}.$
We introduce an abstract definition of a Hamming space that generalizes standard Hamming spaces $( \mathbb{Z}/ 2 \mathbb{Z})^n $. We classify countable locally standard Hamming spaces and show that each of them can be realized as the Boolean algebra of idempotents of a Cartan subalgebra of a locally matrix algebra.
We describe Morita equivalence of unital locally matrix algebras in terms of their Steinitz parametrization. Two countable dimensional unital locally matrix algebras are Morita equivalent if and only if their Steinitz numbers are rationally connected. For an arbitrary uncountable dimension $α$ and an arbitrary not locally finite Steinitz number $s$ there exist unital locally matrix algebras $A$, $B$ such that $\dim_{F}A=\dim_{F}B=α$, $\mathbf{st}(A)=\mathbf{st}(B)=s$, however, the algebras $A$, $B$ are not Morita equivalent.
We construct a unital locally matrix algebra of uncountable dimension that (1) does not admit a primary decomposition, (2) has an infinite locally finite Steinitz number. It gives negative answers to questions from \cite{BezOl} and \cite{Kurochkin}. We also show that for an arbitrary infinite Steinitz number $s$ there exists a unital locally matrix algebra $A$ having the Steinitz number $s$ and not isomorphic to a tensor product of finite dimensional matrix algebras.