arXiv subjects

Olaoluwa Adigun

Publications and source records attributed to Olaoluwa Adigun.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Converting Sequenced Fuzzy Cognitive Maps to Causal Virtual Worlds with Large Video Generators

We show how users can create and manipulate causal virtual worlds with large-language-model (LLM) and large-video-model agents. The approach uses feedback fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) both to model the granular causal structure of the virtual world and to guide its causal evolution. The local causal rules are partial or fuzzy while the FCM's feedback structure produces global equilibria that define causal scenarios. A sequence of \emph{dynamical} meta-rules of the form ``If $\mathcal{A}$ then $\mathcal{B}$" define the causal scenes of the virtual-world video. The if-part causal pattern $\mathcal{A}$ perturbs the FCM's virtual world at the user's or agent's discretion. The FCM's transient feedback dynamics define the meta-rule's causal arrow of implication. The then-part $\mathcal{B}$ is the resulting equilibrium attractor such as a FCM limit cycle or fixed point. Our algorithm extracts these meta-rules from the FCM and guides the LLM agent to write a script based on the FCM meta-rule sequence. The large video generator converts the meta-rule into a video scene in accord with the flow of the dynamics. We applied the agent-based technique to a simple FCM that describes an undersea world of dolphins and sharks. Google's Gemini 3.1 generated the script and Google's Veo 3.1 generated the dolphin-shark video. The approach is general and can scale by mixing larger FCMs and AI agents to produce more immersive virtual worlds.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Agentic Chunking and Bayesian De-chunking of AI Generated Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: A Model of the Thucydides Trap

We automatically generate feedback causal fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) from text by teaching large-language-model agents to break the text into overlapping chunks of text. Convex mixing of these chunk FCMs gives a representative cyclic FCM knowledge graph. The text chunks can have different levels of overlap. The chunk FCMs still mix to form a new FCM causal knowledge graph. The mixing technique scales because it uses light computation with sparse causal chunk matrices. The mixing structure allows an operator-level type of Bayesian inference that produces "de-chunked" or posterior-like FCMs from the mixed FCM. These de-chunked FCMs are useful in their own right and allow further iterations of Bayesian updating. We demonstrate these mixing techniques on the essay text of Allison's "Thucydides Trap" model of conflict between a dominant power such as the United States and a rising power such as China. The FCM dynamical systems predict outcomes as they equilibrate to fixed-point or limit-cycle attractors. Seven out of 8 FCM knowledge graphs predicted a type of war when we stimulated them by turning on and keeping on the concept node that stands for the rising power's ambition and entitlement. Gemini 3.1 LLMs served as the chunking AI agents.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

The Agentic Leash: Extracting Causal Feedback Fuzzy Cognitive Maps with LLMs

We design a large-language-model (LLM) agent system that extracts causal feedback fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) from raw text. The causal learning or extraction process is agentic both because of the LLM's semi-autonomy and because ultimately the FCM dynamical system's equilibria drive the LLM agents to fetch and process causal text. The fetched text can in principle modify the adaptive FCM causal structure and so modify the source of its quasi-autonomy$-$its equilibrium limit cycles and fixed-point attractors. This bidirectional process endows the evolving FCM dynamical system with a degree of autonomy while the system still stays on its agentic leash. We show in particular that a sequence of three system-instruction sets guide an LLM agent as it systematically extracts key nouns and noun phrases from text, as it extracts FCM concept nodes from among those nouns and noun phrases, and then as it extracts or infers partial or fuzzy causal edges between those FCM nodes. We test this FCM generation on a recent essay about the promise of AI from the late diplomat and political theorist Henry Kissinger and his colleagues. This three-step process produced FCM dynamical systems that converged to the same equilibrium limit cycles as did the human-generated FCMs even though the human-generated FCM differed in the number of nodes and edges. A final FCM mixed generated FCMs from separate Gemini and ChatGPT LLM agents. The mixed FCM absorbed the equilibria of its dominant mixture component but also created new equilibria of its own to better approximate the underlying causal dynamical system.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

Causal Autoencoder-like Generation of Feedback Fuzzy Cognitive Maps with an LLM Agent

A large language model (LLM) can map a feedback causal fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) into text and then reconstruct the FCM from the text. This explainable AI system approximates an identity map from the FCM to itself and resembles the operation of an autoencoder (AE). Both the encoder and the decoder explain their decisions in contrast to black-box AEs. Humans can read and interpret the encoded text in contrast to the hidden variables and synaptic webs in AEs. The LLM agent approximates the identity map through a sequence of system instructions that does not compare the output to the input. The reconstruction is lossy because it removes weak causal edges or rules while it preserves strong causal edges. The encoder preserves the strong causal edges even when it trades off some details about the FCM to make the text sound more natural.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

Soft Diamond Regularizers for Deep Learning

This chapter presents the new family of soft diamond synaptic regularizers based on thick-tailed symmetric alpha stable $SαS$ probability bell curves. These new parametrized weight priors improved deep-learning performance on image and language-translation test sets and increased the sparsity of the trained weights. They outperformed the state-of-the-art hard-diamond Laplacian regularizer of sparse lasso regression and classification. The $SαS$ synaptic weight priors have power-law bell-curve tails that are thicker than the thin exponential tails of Gaussian bell curves that underly ridge regularizers. Their tails get thicker as the $α$ parameter decreases. These thicker tails model more impulsive behavior and allow for occasional distant search in synaptic weight spaces of extremely high dimension. The geometry of their constraint sets has a diamond shape. The shape varies from a circle to a star or diamond that depends on the $α$ tail thickness and dispersion of the $SαS$ weight prior. These $SαS$ bell curves lack a closed form in general and this makes direct training computationally intensive. We removed this computational bottleneck by using a precomputed look-up table. We tested the soft diamond regularizers with deep neural classifiers on both image test sets and German-to-English language translation. The image simulations used the three datasets CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and Caltech-256. The regularizers improved the accuracy and sparsity of the classifiers. We also tested with deep neural machine-translation models on the IWSLT-2016 Evaluation dataset for German-to-English text translation. They also outperformed ridge regularizers and lasso regularizers. These findings recommend the sub-Cauchy $α= 0.5$ soft diamond regularizer as a competitive and sparse regularizer for large-scale machine learning.

stat.ML↗

arXiv2025

Bidirectional Variational Autoencoders

We present the new bidirectional variational autoencoder (BVAE) network architecture. The BVAE uses a single neural network both to encode and decode instead of an encoder-decoder network pair. The network encodes in the forward direction and decodes in the backward direction through the same synaptic web. Simulations compared BVAEs and ordinary VAEs on the four image tasks of image reconstruction, classification, interpolation, and generation. The image datasets included MNIST handwritten digits, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CelebA-64 face images. The bidirectional structure of BVAEs cut the parameter count by almost 50% and still slightly outperformed the unidirectional VAEs.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2020

Optimizing Black-box Metrics with Adaptive Surrogates

We address the problem of training models with black-box and hard-to-optimize metrics by expressing the metric as a monotonic function of a small number of easy-to-optimize surrogates. We pose the training problem as an optimization over a relaxed surrogate space, which we solve by estimating local gradients for the metric and performing inexact convex projections. We analyze gradient estimates based on finite differences and local linear interpolations, and show convergence of our approach under smoothness assumptions with respect to the surrogates. Experimental results on classification and ranking problems verify the proposal performs on par with methods that know the mathematical formulation, and adds notable value when the form of the metric is unknown.

cs.LG↗