arXiv subjects

Olga Harrington Pinto

Publications and source records attributed to Olga Harrington Pinto.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

JWST and Gemini Observations of the Active Centaur 450P/LONEOS: Nucleus and Coma Characterizations

Between 2019 and 2024, we used the Gemini-N and JWST observatories to conduct a detailed case study of the active Centaur 450P/LONEOS, whose orbit was significantly altered by a close Saturn encounter in 1992. Gemini-N GMOS optical images likely captured the first views of 450P's inactive nucleus, indicating a relatively small radius of $R_N = 1.8\pm0.5$ km and a surface color of $g' - i' = 1.15\pm0.09$. This places 450P on the red end of the neutral/gray Centaur population and may indicate comparatively limited solar-driven surface processing relative to other known active Centaurs. A coma developed as 450P changed its heliocentric distance, $R_H$, from 7.83 au to 7.24 au, with an estimated low dust production rate of $\sim$4-8 kg s$^{-1}$. JWST NIRSpec IFU Prism-mode spectra revealed an elongated dust morphology and a symmetric $CO_2$ gas distribution in the coma but no $H_2O$ or CO emission features, with production rates of $Q_{CO_2} = (6.99\pm0.07)\times10^{24}$ molec. s$^{-1}$, $Q_{H_2O} \leq 1.2\times10^{24}$ molec. s$^{-1}$, and $Q_{CO} \leq 5.2\times10^{24}$ molec. s$^{-1}$. Absorption features at 2.0 and 3.0 $μ$m indicate the presence of water ice, and a subtle 3.1 $μ$m feature is consistent with crystalline water ice in larger grains. A Hapke-style model dominated by large ($D_{eff.} = 5.9$ $μ$m) dust grains with a volumetric ice fraction of $f_{ice} = 33\%$ fits the spectrum. A thermal model incorporating 450P's orbital history since $\sim$1500 CE aligns with the observed onset of activity driven by $CO_2$ outgassing from amorphous water ice crystallization between 140-160 K.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2025

Volatiles

Small bodies are the remnant building blocks from the time when the planets formed and migrated to their current positions. Their volatile composition and relative abundances serve as time capsules for the formation conditions in the protosolar nebula. By constraining the volatile composition of Centaurs, we can fill in important gaps in understanding the history of our solar system. We review here the state of knowledge for volatiles in small bodies, processes that influence volatile composition and activity in small bodies, and future capabilities that can be leveraged to advance our understanding of volatiles in Centaurs.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2022

A Survey of CO, CO2, and H2O in Comets and Centaurs

CO and CO$_2$ are the two dominant carbon-bearing molecules in comae and have major roles in driving activity. Their relative abundances also provide strong observational constraints to models of solar system formation and evolution but have never been studied together in a large sample of comets. We carefully compiled and analyzed published measurements of simultaneous CO and CO$_2$ production rates for 25 comets. Approximately half of the comae have substantially more CO$_2$ than CO, about a third are CO-dominated and about a tenth produce a comparable amount of both. There may be a heliocentric dependence to this ratio with CO dominating comae beyond 3.5 au. Eight out of nine of the Jupiter Family Comets in our study produce more CO$_2$ than CO. The six dynamically new comets produce more CO$_2$ relative to CO than the eight Oort Cloud comets that have made multiple passes through the inner solar system. This may be explained by long-term cosmic ray processing of a comet nucleus's outer layers. We find (Q$_{CO}$/Q$_{H_2O}$)$_{median}$ = 3 $\pm$ 1\% and (Q$_{CO_2}$/Q$_{H_2O}$)$_{median}$ = 12 $\pm$ 2\%. The inorganic volatile carbon budget was estimated to be Q$_{CO}$+Q$_{CO_2}$)/Q$_{H_2O}$ $\sim$ 18\% for most comets. Between 0.7 to 4.6 au, CO$_2$ outgassing appears to be more intimately tied to the water production in a way that the CO is not. The volatile carbon/oxygen ratio for 18 comets is C/O$_{median}$ $\sim$ 13\%, which is consistent with a comet formation environment that is well within the CO snow line.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2021

Contemporaneous Multi-Wavelength and Precovery Observations of Active Centaur P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS

Gateway Centaur and Jupiter co-orbital P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) (Sarid et al. 2019) provides the first opportunity to observe the migration of a Solar System small body from a Centaur orbit to a Jupiter Family Comet (JFC) four decades from now (Kareta et al., 2020; Hsieh et al. 2020). The Gateway transition region is beyond where water ice can power cometary activity, and coma production there is as poorly understood as in all Centaurs. We present contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations of LD2 from 2020 July 2-4: Gemini-North visible imaging, NASA IRTF near-infrared spectroscopy, and ARO SMT millimeter-wavelength spectroscopy. Precovery DECam images limit the nucleu's effective radius to <=1.2 km and no large outbursts were seen in archival Catalina Sky Survey observations. LD2's coma has g'-r'=0.70+/-0.07, r'-i'=0.26+/-0.07, a dust production rate of ~10-20 kg/s, and an outflow velocity between v~0.6-3.3 m/s. We did not detect CO towards LD2 on 2020 July 2-3, with a 3-sigma upper limit of Q(CO) < 4.4 * 10^27 mol/s (<200 kg/s). Near-infrared spectra show evidence for water ice at the 1-10% level depending on grain size. Spatial profiles and archival data are consistent with sustained activity. The evidence supports the hypothesis that LD2 is a typical small Centaur that will become a typical JFC, and thus it is critical to understanding the transition between these two populations. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for a community-wide, long baseline monitoring effort.

astro-ph.EP↗