arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Olivia Caramello.
We study toposes satisfying De Morgan's law, in particular we give characterizations of geometric theories whose classifying topos is De Morgan, clarifying the link with the amalgamation property of the category of models of such theory. We then give several ways of turning a topos into a De Morgan topos.
In the setting of relative topos theory, we show that the pullback of a relative presheaf topos on an arbitrary fibration is the relative presheaf topos on its inverse image. To this end, we develop and exploit a notion of extension with base change of a morphism of sites along the canonical functor. This provides a tool to compare the canonical relative site of the direct (resp. inverse) image with the direct (resp. inverse) image of the canonical relative site: although these operations do not commute in general, we show that in the case of the direct image they are related by an indexed weak geometric morphism, while in the case of the inverse image they can be compared via a cartesian functor that induces a suitable topology making them Morita-equivalent.
Topos theory occupies a singular place in contemporary mathematics: born from Grothendieck's algebraic geometry, it has emerged as a unifying language for geometry, topology, algebra, and logic. This book offers a progressive introduction that moves from familiar ground - groups and their actions, topological spaces, categories, and sheaves - to Grothendieck topologies and sites, then to the axiomatic and categorical foundations of toposes (via Giraud's theorem), to their geometry (morphisms, points, subtoposes, localizations) and finally to their deep ties with geometric logic through classifying toposes. Aimed at readers with a basic familiarity with algebra, general topology, and category theory, the book emphasizes reversible viewpoints - external/internal, local/global, syntactic/semantic - guided by canonical examples, key theorems, and universal constructions. It equips the reader with a workable language in which spaces become categories of sheaves and theories become places classified by toposes. Future chapters will present "toposes as bridges" and relative toposes.
After reviewing the multiple roles of toposes - as generalized topological spaces, as universal invariants, as categorical analogues of the set-theoretic universe, and as semantic environments for first-order theories - we recall the notion of subtopos and its dual expression: both in terms of Grothendieck topologies and in terms of first-order logic. We emphasize the significance of this duality, which enables the translation of provability problems in first-order logic into problems concerning the generation of Grothendieck topologies. We also introduce the natural geometric operations, both inner and outer, on subtoposes. Building on these foundations, we present a new formulation of the duality between Grothendieck topologies and subtoposes, as well as the duality between topologies and closedness properties of subpresheaves. This presentation relies on general categorical principles and aims to clarify the structural relationships involved. We then provide two general formulas for the Grothendieck topology generated by an arbitrary family of sieves or covering families of morphisms. In addition, we refine the constructive procedures that translate logical provability into topology generation, highlighting their role in bridging logic and geometry within the topos-theoretic framework. Finally, we study the inner geometric operations on subtoposes: union, intersection, and difference, along with the outer adjoint operations of pushforward and pullback along topos morphisms. We prove that pullback operations preserve not only arbitrary intersections but also finite unions of subtoposes, and that pullbacks along locally connected morphisms even preserve arbitrary unions.
We give a detailed account of the theory of enrichment over a bicategory and show that it establishes a two-fold generalization of enrichment over both quantaloids and monoidal categories. We define complete B-categories, a generalization of Cauchy-complete enriched categories serving as a basis for the development of sheaf theory in the enriched setting. We prove an adjunction between complete B-categories and 2-presheaves on the category Map(B) of left adjoints in B. We express conditions under which this adjunction becomes a left-exact reflection, yielding back the usual results linking sheaves on sites and enriched categories. We prove that our adjunction recovers the already existing results about quantaloids, and discuss the fixed points of the adjunction in the monoidal case.
We introduce a notion of distributor of sites, involving suited analogs of flatness and cover-preservation, and show that this notion jointly generalizes those of morphism and comorphism of sites. Given two sites, we exhibit an adjunction between the category of distributors of sites between them and the category of geometric morphisms between the associated sheaf topoi; this adjunction restricts to an equivalence between geometric morphisms and continuous distributors of sites. We finally discuss some equipment-like properties of the bicategory of sites and distributors of sites.
We introduce the notion of local fibration, a generalization of the notion of fibration which takes into account the presence of Grothendieck topologies on the two categories, and show that the classical results about fibrations lift to this more general setting. As an application of this notion, we obtain a characterization of the functors between relative sites that induce a morphism between the corresponding relative toposes: these are exactly the morphisms of sites which are morphisms of local fibrations. Also, we prove a weak version of Diaconescu's theorem, providing an equivalence between the continuous morphisms of local fibrations towards the canonical stack of a relative topos and the weak morphisms between the associated indexed toposes. The paper also contains a number of results of independent interest on morphisms of toposes and their associated stacks, including a fibrational characterization of locally connected (resp. totally connected) morphisms.
We arrange morphisms and comorphisms of sites as the horizontal and vertical cells of a double category of sites; using the formalism of extensions and restrictions of presheaves, we explains how one can define a sheafification double functor from this double category to the quintet double category of Grothendieck topoi. We describe properties of this double functor and recover some classical results of topos theory through a new notion of locally exact square, generalizing exact squares in the presence of topologies. We also describe a 2-comonad on $\Cat$ for which lax morphisms of coalgebras are morphisms of sites and colax morphisms are comorphisms of sites, explaining the arrangement as a double category.
We extend the classical (connected, etale) factorization of locally connected geometric morphisms into a (terminally connected, pro-etale) factorization for all geometric morphisms between Grothendieck topoi. We discuss properties of both classes of morphisms, particularly the relation between pro-etale geometric morphisms and the category of global elements of their inverse image; we also discuss their stability properties as well as some fibrational aspects.
We systematically investigate the functors between sites which induce morphisms of relative toposes. In particualar, we establish a relative version of Diaconescu's theorem, characterizing the relative geometric morphisms towards a relative sheaf topos in terms of a notion of flat (equivalently, filtered) functor relative to the base topos.
In the context of relative topos theory via stacks, we introduce the notion of existential fibred site and of existential topos of such a site. These notions allow us to develop relative topos theory in a way which naturally generalizes the construction of toposes of sheaves on locales, and also provides a framework for investigating the connections between Grothendieck toposes as built from sites and elementary toposes as built from triposes. Then we focus on fibred preorder sites and establish a fibred generalisation of the ideal-completion of a preorder site. Lastly, we provide an explicit description of the hyperconnected-localic factorization of a geometric morphism in terms of internal locales.
We introduce new foundations for relative topos theory based on stacks. One of the central results in our theory is an adjunction between the category of toposes over the topos of sheaves on a given site $({\mathcal{C}}, J)$ and that of ${\mathcal{C}}$-indexed categories. This represents a wide generalization of the classical adjunction between presheaves on a topological space and bundles over it, and allows one to interpret several constructions on sheaves and stacks in a geometrical way; in particular, it leads to fibrational descriptions of direct and inverse images of sheaves and stacks, as well as to a geometric understanding of the sheafification process. It also naturally allows one to regard any Grothendieck topos as a 'petit' topos associated with a 'gros' topos, thereby providing an answer to a problem posed by Grothendieck in the seventies. Another key ingredient in our theory is a notion of relative site, which allows one to represent arbitrary geometric morphisms towards a fixed base topos of sheaves on a site as structure morphisms induced by relative sites over that site.
With a model of a geometric theory in an arbitrary topos, we associate a site obtained by endowing a category of generalized elements of the model with a Grothendieck topology, which we call the antecedent topology. Then we show that the associated sheaf topos, which we call the over-topos at the given model, admits a canonical totally connected morphism to the given base topos and satisfies a universal property generalizing that of the colocalization of a topos at a point. We first treat the case of the base topos of sets, where global elements are sufficient to describe our site of definition; in this context, we also introduce a geometric theory classified by the over-topos, whose models can be identified with the model homomorphisms towards the (internalizations of the) model. Then we formulate and prove the general statement over an arbitrary topos, which involves the stack of generalized elements of the model. Lastly, we investigate the geometric and 2-categorical aspects of the over-topos construction, exhibiting it as a bilimit in the bicategory of Grothendieck toposes.
We systematically investigate morphisms and equivalences of toposes from multiple points of view. We establish a dual adjunction between morphisms and comorphisms of sites, introduce the notion of weak morphism of toposes and characterize the functors which induce such morphisms. In particular, we examine continuous comorphism of sites and show that this class of comorphisms notably includes all fibrations as well as morphisms of fibrations. We also establish a characterization theorem for essential geometric morphisms and locally connected morphisms in terms of continuous functors, and a relative version of the comprehensive factorization of a functor. Then we prove a general theorem providing necessary and sufficient explicit conditions for a morphism of sites to induce an equivalence of toposes. This stems from a detailed analysis of arrows in Grothendieck toposes and denseness conditions, which yields results of independent interest. We also derive site characterizations of the property of a geometric morphism to be an inclusion (resp. a surjection, hyperconnected, localic), as well as site-level descriptions of the surjection-inclusion and hyperconnected-localic factorizations of a geometric morphism.
We give an explicit construction of the dependent product in an elementary topos, and a site-theoretic description for it in the case of a Grothendieck topos.
We introduce and investigate a category-theoretic abstraction of the standard "system-solution" adjunction in affine algebraic geometry. We then look further into these geometric adjunctions at different levels of generality, from syntactic categories to (possibly infinitary) equational classes of algebras. In doing so, we discuss the relationships between the dualities induced by our framework and the well-established theory of concrete dual adjunctions. In the context of general algebra we prove an analogue of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, thereby achieving a complete characterisation of the fixed points on the algebraic side of the adjunction.
We give a new construction, based on categorical logic, of Nori's $\mathbb Q$-linear abelian category of mixed motives associated to a cohomology or homology functor with values in finite-dimensional vector spaces over $\mathbb Q$. This new construction makes sense for infinite-dimensional vector spaces as well, so that it associates a $\mathbb Q$-linear abelian category of mixed motives to any (co)homology functor, not only Betti homology (as Nori had done) but also, for instance, $\ell$-adic, $p$-adic or motivic cohomology. We prove that the $\mathbb Q$-linear abelian categories of mixed motives associated to different (co)homology functors are equivalent if and only a family (of logical nature) of explicit properties is shared by these different functors. The problem of the existence of a universal cohomology theory and of the equivalence of the information encoded by the different classical cohomology functors thus reduces to that of checking these explicit conditions.
We investigate the geometric theory of local MV-algebras and its quotients axiomatizing the local MV-algebras in a given proper variety of MV-algebras. We show that, whilst the theory of local MV-algebras is not of presheaf type, each of these quotients is a theory of presheaf type which is Morita-equivalent to an expansion of the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups. Di Nola-Lettieri's equivalence is recovered from the Morita-equivalence for the quotient axiomatizing the local MV-algebras in Chang's variety, that is, the perfect MV-algebras. We establish along the way a number of results of independent interest, including a constructive treatment of the radical for MV-algebras in a fixed proper variety of MV-algebras and a representation theorem for the finitely presentable algebras in such a variety as finite products of local MV-algebras.