arXiv subjects

Olivier Espinosa

Publications and source records attributed to Olivier Espinosa.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2010

Simple analytic QCD model with perturbative QCD behavior at high momenta

Analytic QCD models are those where the QCD running coupling has the physically correct analytic behavior, i.e., no Landau singularities in the Euclidean regime. We present a simple analytic QCD model in which the discontinuity function of the running coupling at high momentum scales is the same as in perturbative QCD (just like in the analytic QCD model of Shirkov and Solovtsov), but at low scales it is replaced by a delta function which parametrizes the unknown behavior there. We require that the running coupling agree to a high degree with the perturbative coupling at high energies, which reduces the number of free parameters of the model from four to one. The remaining parameter is fixed by requiring the reproduction of the correct value of the semihadronic tau decay ratio.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2009

On the evaluation of Matsubara sums

Given a connected (multi)graph G, consisting of V vertices and I lines, we consider a class of multidimensional sums constructed in the following way: - orient the lines of the graph in some (arbitrary) fashion - assign to each line i a positive variable q_i and an integer summation variable n_i - assign to each vertex v an integer variable N_v - construct the following rational function: -- the denominator is a product of factors (n^2+q^2), one for each line of the graph; -- the numerator is a product of Kronecker deltas, one for each vertex of the graph. For each vertex, the Kronecker delta imposes a linear constraint among the summation variables n_i of the lines incident upon the vertex, requiring that the sum of the variables n_i of the lines coming out of vertex minus the sum of the variables n_i of the lines coming into the vertex be equal to the integer variable N assigned to that vertex. - sum over all the n_i variables from minus infinity to infinity The sums thus constructed, called Matsubara sums, are functions of the I real positive variables q_i and the V integer variables N_v. It is shown any Matsubara sum can be evaluated in closed form by applying a linear operator to an integral closely associated with the sum.

math.CA↗

arXiv2008

The evaluation of Tornheim double sums. Part2

We provide an explicit formula for the Tornheim double series T(a,0,c) in terms of an integral involving the Hurwitz zeta function. For integer values of the parameters, a=m, c=n, we show that in the most interesting case of even weight N:=m+n the Tornheim sum T(m,0,n) can be expressed in terms of zeta values and the family of integrals % \int_0^1 loggamma(q) B_{k}(q) Cl_{j+1} (2 πq) dq, % with k+j = N, where B_{k}(q) is a Bernoulli polynomial and \Cl_{j+1}(x) is a Clausen function.

math.NT↗

arXiv2006

Thermal Operator and Cutting Rules at Finite Temperature and Chemical Potential

In the context of scalar field theories, both real and complex, we derive the cutting description at finite temperature (with zero/finite chemical potential) from the cutting rules at zero temperature through the action of a simple thermal operator. We give an alternative algebraic proof of the largest time equation which brings out the underlying physics of such a relation. As an application of the cutting description, we calculate the imaginary part of the one loop retarded self-energy at zero/finite temperature and finite chemical potential and show how this description can be used to calculate the dispersion relation as well as the full physical self-energy of thermal particles.

hep-th↗

arXiv2006

Thermal Operator Representation of Finite Temperature Graphs II

Using the mixed space representation, we extend our earlier analysis to the case of Dirac and gauge fields and show that in the absence of a chemical potential, the finite temperature Feynman diagrams can be related to the corresponding zero temperature graphs through a thermal operator. At non-zero chemical potential we show explicitly in the case of the fermion self-energy that such a factorization is violated because of the presence of a singular contact term. Such a temperature dependent term which arises only at finite density and has a quadratic mass singularity cannot be related, through a regular thermal operator, to the fermion self-energy at zero temperature which is infrared finite. Furthermore, we show that the thermal radiative corrections at finite density have a screening effect for the chemical potential leading to a finite renormalization of the potential.

hep-th↗

arXiv2006

Factorization of finite temperature graphs in thermal QED

We extend our previous analysis of gauge and Dirac fields in the presence of a chemical potential. We consider an alternate thermal operator which relates in a simple way the Feynman graphs in QED at finite temperature and charge density to those at zero temperature but non-zero chemical potential. Several interesting features of such a factorization are discussed in the context of the thermal photon and fermion self-energies.

hep-th↗

arXiv2005

Thermal Operator Representation of Finite Temperature Graphs

Using the mixed space representation (t,p) in the context of scalar field theories, we prove in a simple manner that the Feynman graphs at finite temperature are related to the corresponding zero temperature diagrams through a simple thermal operator, both in the imaginary time as well as in the real time formalisms. This result is generalized to the case when there is a nontrivial chemical potential present. Several interesting properties of the thermal operator are also discussed.

hep-th↗

arXiv2005

The evaluation of Tornheim double sums. Part 1

We provide an explicit formula for the Tornheim double series in terms of integrals involving the Hurwitz zeta function. We also study the limit when the parameters of the Tornheim sum become natural numbers, and show that in that case it can be expressed in terms of definite integrals of triple products of Bernoulli polynomials and the Bernoulli function $A_k (q): = kζ'(1 - k,q)$.

math.CA↗

arXiv2005

Neutrino emission rates in highly magnetized neutron stars revisited

Magnetars are a subclass of neutron stars whose intense soft-gamma-ray bursts and quiescent X-ray emission are believed to be powered by the decay of a strong internal magnetic field. We reanalyze neutrino emission in such stars in the plausibly relevant regime in which the Landau band spacing of both protons and electrons is much larger than kT (where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature), but still much smaller than the Fermi energies. Focusing on the direct Urca process, we find that the emissivity oscillates as a function of density or magnetic field, peaking when the Fermi level of the protons or electrons lies about 3kT above the bottom of any of their Landau bands. The oscillation amplitude is comparable to the average emissivity when the Landau band spacing mentioned above is roughly the geometric mean of kT and the Fermi energy (excluding mass), i. e., at fields much weaker than required to confine all particles to the lowest Landau band. Since the density and magnetic field strength vary continuously inside the neutron star, there will be alternating surfaces of high and low emissivity. Globally, these oscillations tend to average out, making it unclear whether there will be any observable effects.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2005

The thermal operator representation for Matsubara sums

We prove in full generality the thermal operator representation for Matsubara sums in a relativistic field theory of scalar and fermionic particles. It states that the full result of performing the Matsubara sum associated to any given Feynman graph, in the imaginary-time formalism of finite-temperature field theory, can be directly obtained from its corresponding zero-temperature energy integral, by means of a simple linear operator, which is independent of the external Euclidean energies and whose form depends solely on the topology of the graph.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2003

An operator representation for Matsubara sums

In the context of the imaginary-time formalism for a scalar thermal field theory, it is shown that the result of performing the sums over Matsubara frequencies associated with loop Feynman diagrams can be written, for some classes of diagrams, in terms of the action of a simple linear operator on the corresponding energy integrals of the Euclidean theory at T=0. In its simplest form the referred operator depends only on the number of internal propagators of the graph. More precisely, it is shown explicitly that this \emph{thermal operator representation} holds for two generic classes of diagrams, namely, the two-vertex diagram with an arbitrary number of internal propagators, and the one-loop diagram with an arbitrary number of vertices. The validity of the thermal operator representation for diagrams of more complicated topologies remains an open problem. Its correctness is shown to be equivalent to the correctness of some diagrammatic rules proposed a few years ago.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2003

The magnetic stress tensor in magnetized matter

We derive the form of the magnetic stress tensor in a completely general, stationary magnetic medium, with an arbitrary magnetization field $\vec M(\vec r)$ and free current density $\vec j(\vec r)$. We start with the magnetic force density $\vec f$ acting on a matter element, modelled as a collection of microscopic magnetic dipoles in addition to the free currents. We show that there is a unique tensor ${\bf T}$ quadratic in the magnetic flux density $\vec B(\vec r)$ and the magnetic field $\vec H(\vec r)=\vec B-4π\vec M$ whose divergence is $\nabla\cdot{\bf T}=\vec f$. In the limit $\vec M=0$, the well-known vacuum magnetic stress tensor is recovered. However, the general form of the tensor is asymmetric, leading to a divergent angular acceleration for matter elements of vanishing size. We argue that this is not inconsistent, because it occurs only if $\vec M$ and $\vec B$ are not parallel, in which case the macroscopic field does indeed exert a torque on each of the microscopic dipoles, so this state is only possible if there are material stresses which keep the dipoles aligned with each other and misaligned with the macroscopic field. We briefly discuss the consequences for the stability of strongly magnetized stars.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2003

On some families of integrals solvable in terms of polygamma and negapolygamma functions

Beginning with Hermite's integral representation of the Hurwitz zeta function, we derive explicit expressions in terms of elementary, polygamma, and negapolygamma functions for several families of integrals of the type $\int_0^\infty f(t)K(q,t)dt$ with kernels $K(q,t)$ equal to $(e^{2πq t}-1)^{-1}$, $(e^{2πq t}+1)^{-1}$, and $(\sinh(2πq t)^{-1}$.

math.CA↗

arXiv2003

A generalized polygamma function

We study the properties of a function $ψ(z, q)$ (the generalized polygamma function), intimately connected with the Hurwitz zeta function and defined for complex values of the variables $z$ and $q$, which is entire in the variable $z$ and reduces to the usual polygamma function $ψ^{(m)}(q)$ for $z$ a non-negative integer $m$, and to the balanced negapolygamma function $ψ^{(-m)}(q)$ for $z$ a negative integer $-m$.

math.CA↗

arXiv2002

Symmetry in noncommutative quantum mechanics

We reconsider the generalization of standard quantum mechanics in which the position operators do not commute. We argue that the standard formalism found in the literature leads to theories that do not share the symmetries present in the corresponding commutative system. We propose a general prescription to specify a Hamiltonian in the noncommutative theory that preserves the existing symmetries. We show that it is always possible to choose this Hamiltonian in such a way that the energy spectrum of the standard and non-commuting theories are identical, so that experimental differences between the predictions of both theories are to be found only at the level of the detailed structure of the energy eigenstates.

hep-th↗

arXiv1992

The Effective Potential and First-Order Phase Transitions: Beyond Leading Order

Scenarios for electroweak baryogenesis require an understanding of the effective potential at finite temperature near a first-order electroweak phase transition. Working in Landau gauge, we present a calculation of the dominant two-loop corrections to the ring-improved one-loop potential in the formal limit $g^4 \ll λ\ll g^2$, where $λ$ is the Higgs self-coupling and $g$ is the electroweak coupling. The limit $λ\ll g^2$ ensures that the phase transition is significantly first-order, and the limit $g^4 \ll λ$ allows us to use high-temperature expansions. We find corrections from 20 to 40\% at Higgs masses relevant to the bound computed for baryogenesis in the Minimal Standard Model. Though our numerical results seem to still rule out Minimal Standard Model baryogenesis, this conclusion is not airtight because the loop expansion is only marginal when corrections are as big as 40\%. We also discuss why super-daisy approximations do not correctly compute these corrections.

hep-ph↗