Fractional oscillators with fractional damping in the presence of external forces
We investigate how a fractional oscillator reacts to external forces when the dynamic law includes a damping term that is explicitly fractional. We show that the corresponding three-parametric fractional differential equation (in the Caputo sense) admits formal solution. Two of the fractional parameters are associated with the intrinsic dissipation mechanism derived from the fractional nature of the oscillator. The third fractional parameter characterizes the damping term against which the oscillator is driven by the external force. In the absence of fractional damping, the two-parametric fractional dynamic law can be associated with the Newton-Scott-Blair model for viscoelastic materials, in which position and external force are linked to the material's strain and stress, respectively. In general, the Laplace transform of the external force defines the profile of the three-parametric solution; specific examples include the absence of external forces as well as constant, sinusoidal and stepped external forces. In the case where the three fractional parameters converge to the same value, it is observed that, under the action of a constant driving force, the system reaches a fixed position after a transient period. With a sinusoidal driving force, the system exhibits persistent oscillatory behavior. These results suggest that the external driving force strongly influences the long-term behavior of the fractionally damped oscillator.