arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P V Landshoff.
Exclusive vector meson production from real and virtual photons is, for the most part, described well by soft pomeron exchange. However, there are some unsolved normalisation problems, and just a hint that an additional contribution from hard pomeron exchange may be needed.
A wide variety of experimental data in hadronic reactions are described in terms of the exchange of an object called the soft pomeron. It is nonperturbative in origin and is perhaps associated with glueballs. The HERA measurements of $νW_2$ at small $x$ suggest the possibility that there is also a hard pomeron, which is perturbative. I review the experimental and theoretical methods that are used to explore the two pomerons and emphasise the problems that remain to be solved.
We discuss the small $x$ behaviour of the spin dependent structure function $g_1$. We find a contribution from the exchange of two non-perturbative gluons which behaves as $\sim ( 2 \ln {1 \over x} -1)$.
Nonperturbative pomeron exchange at high energy includes minijet production. At moderate $Q^2$ it is responsible for the small-$x$ behaviour of $νW_2$. Hence minijet production should be a feature of deep inelastic scattering at small $x$.
Soft pomeron exchange at high energy includes minijet production at central rapidity values. This predicts copious production of minijets in deep inelastic scattering at small $x$, which is closely related to the fact that $νW_2$ exhibits Regge behaviour. It helps to explain also how the integrated inclusive cross-section for minijet production in $γp$ or $pp$ collisions can be much greater than the total cross-section.
We discuss the bremsstrahlung of photons into a heat bath, and calculate from first principles the energy radiated. Even to lowest order the spectrum of the radiation at low frequency is no more singular than at zero temperature. In addition to the obvious contributions, this spectrum includes terms associated with fluctuations. [Revised version has additional explanations]
I discuss (i) hadron-hadron and photon-hadron total cross-sections, (ii) elastic scattering, (iii) the rôle of minijets in total cross-sections and the need to include them in Monte-Carlos for small-$x$ structure functions, (iv) how the two pomerons affect small-$x$ behaviour, and (v) rapidity-gap physics.
Canonical quantisation gives a new and convenient finite-temperature perturbation theory in covariant gauges, and solves the problem of the zero-frequency mode in the temporal gauge. [Talk at Workshop on Thermal Field Theories and their Applications, Banff, August 1993]
We give a unified derivation of the propagator in the gauges $n.A=0$ for $n^2$ timelike, spacelike or lightlike. We discuss the physical states and other physical questions.
A fit is made to the data for the proton structure function up to Q^2=10 GeV^2, including the real gamma p total cross-section. It is economical and simple, and its form is motivated by physical principles. It is extrapolated down to very small values of x. Data for the ratio (nu W_2^n/nu W_2^p) are also fitted. A FORTRAN program for the fit to (nu W_2^p) is available by email on request Figure 5 from the original version has been deleted.
A prescription is presented for real-time finite-temperature perturbation theory in covariant gauges, in which only the two physical degrees of freedom of the gauge-field propagator acquire thermal parts. The propagators for the unphysical degrees of freedom of the gauge field, and for the Faddeev-Popov ghost field, are independent of temperature. This prescription is applied to the calculation of the one-loop gluon self-energy and the two-loop interaction pressure, and is found to be simpler to use than the conventional one.
In the usual real-time finite-temperature gauge theory both the physical and the unphysical degrees of freedom are thermalised. We discuss the alternative approach where only the physical transverse components of the gauge field have bare thermal propagators, whereas the unphysical degrees of freedom are not heated. We show how pinch singularities are avoided: sometimes this requires resummation. If only the hard thermal loop is included in the resummation, the spatially-longitudinal component of the gauge field, which contains an extra collective plasmon mode, becomes fully thermalised, though the Faddeev-Popov ghost and the remaining unphysical component of the gauge field remain frozen.
Regge theory provides a very simple and economical description of all total cross sections
We show in detail how the presence of a heat bath of photons effectively gives charged particles in the final state of a decay process a temperature-dependent mass, and changes the effective strength of the force responsible for the decay. At low temperature, gauge invariance causes both these effects to be largely cancelled by absorption of photons from the heat bath and by stimulated emission into it, but at high temperature the temperature-dependent mass is the dominant feature.
We calculate the cross-section for events at HERA where the proton loses only a minute fraction of its initial energy, all of which goes into producing a single pair of transverse jets.