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Péter Forgács

Publications and source records attributed to Péter Forgács.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

A new derivation of the amplitude of asymptotic oscillatory tails of weakly delocalized solitons

The computation of the amplitude, $α$, of asymptotic standing wave tails of weakly delocalized, stationary solutions in a fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries equation is revisited. Assuming the coefficient of the fifth order derivative term, $ε^2\ll1$, a new derivation of the ``beyond all orders in $ε$'' amplitude, $α$, is presented. It is shown by asymptotic matching techniques, extended to higher orders in $ε$, that the value of $α$ can be obtained from the asymmetry at the center of the unique solution exponentially decaying in one direction. This observation, complemented by some fundamental results of Hammersley and Mazzarino [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 424, 19 (1989)], not only sheds new light on the computation of $α$, but also greatly facilitates its numerical determination to a remarkable precision for so small values of $ε$, which are beyond the capabilities of standard numerical methods.

hep-th↗

Negative radiation pressure in Bose-Einstein condensates

In two-component non-linear Schrödinger equations, the force exerted by incident monochromatic plane waves on an embedded dark soliton and on dark-bright-type solitons is investigated, both perturbatively and by numerical simulations. When the incoming wave is non-vanishing only in the orthogonal component to that of the embedded dark soliton, its acceleration is in the opposite direction to that of the incoming wave. This somewhat surprising phenomenon can be attributed to the well known "negative effective mass" of the dark soliton. When a dark-bright soliton, whose effective mass is also negative, is hit by an incoming wave non-vanishing in the component corresponding to the dark soliton, the direction of its acceleration coincides with that of the incoming wave. This implies that the net force acting on it is in the opposite direction to that of the incoming wave. This rather counter-intuitive effect is a yet another manifestation of negative radiation pressure exerted by the incident wave, observed in other systems. When a dark-bright soliton interacts with an incoming wave in the component of the bright soliton, it accelerates in the opposite direction, hence the force is "pushing" it now. We expect that these remarkable effects, in particular the negative radiation pressure, can be experimentally verified in Bose-Einstein condensates.

nlin.PS↗

Higher order corrections to beyond-all-order effects in a fifth order Korteweg-de Vries equation

A perturbative scheme is applied to calculate corrections to the leading, exponentially small (beyond-all-orders) amplitude of the ``trailing'' wave asymptotics of weakly localized solitons. The model considered is a Korteweg-de Vries equation modified by a fifth order derivative term, $ε^2\partial_x^5$ with $ε\ll1$ (fKdV). The leading order corrections to the tail amplitude are calculated up to ${\cal{O}}(ε^5)$. An arbitrary precision numerical code is implemented to solve the fKdV equation and to check the perturbative results. Excellent agreement is found between the numerical and analytical results. Our work also clarifies the origin of a long-standing disagreement between the ${\cal{O}}(ε^2)$ perturbative result of Grimshaw and Joshi [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 55, 124 (1995)] and the numerical results of Boyd [Comp. Phys. 9, 324 (1995)].

hep-th↗

Charge screening in the Abelian Higgs model

In the Abelian Higgs model electric (and magnetic) fields of external charges (and currents) are screened by the scalar field. In this contribution, complementing recent investigations of Ishihara and Ogawa, we present a detailed investigation of charge screening using a perturbative approach with the charge strength as an expansion parameter. It is shown how perfect global and remarkably good local screening can be derived from Gauss' theorem, and the asymptotic form of the fields far from the sources. The perturbative results are shown to compare favourably to the numerical ones.

hep-th↗

On non-topological solitons in Abelian gauge theories coupled to U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric scalar fields

In a series of recent works Ishihara and Ogawa have investigated non-topological solitons (Q-balls) in a spontaneously broken Abelian gauge theory coupled to two complex scalar fields. The present paper extends their investigations to the most general U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric quartic potential. Also a new class of charged Q-ball solutions with vanishing self-interaction terms is investigated and some of their remarkable properties is exhibited.

hep-th↗

Electroweak strings with dark scalar condensates and their (in)stability

The stability of "visible" electroweak-type cosmic strings is investigated in an extension of the Standard Model (SM) by a minimal dark sector, consisting of a U(1) gauge field, broken spontaneously by a scalar. The "visible" and dark sectors are coupled through a Higgs-portal and a gauge-kinetic mixing term. It is found that strings whose core is "filled" with a dark scalar condensate exhibit better stability properties than their analogues in the SM, when the electroweak mixing angle is close to $θ_{\rm W}=π/2$. They become unstable as one lets $θ_{\rm W}$ approach its physical value. The instability mechanism appears to be a $W$-boson condensation mechanism found in previous studies on the stability of electroweak strings.

hep-ph↗

Anti-de Sitter geon families

A detailed perturbative construction of globally regular, asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) time-periodic solutions of Einstein's equations with a negative cosmological constant (AdS geons) is presented. Starting with the most general superposition of the $l=2$ even parity (scalar) eigenmodes of AdS at linear order, it is shown that at the fifth order in perturbation theory one obtains five one-parameter geon families, two of which have a helical Killing vector, one with axial symmetry, and two others without continuous symmetries. The details and some subtle aspects of the perturbative expansions are also presented.

gr-qc↗

Stabilisation of semilocal strings by dark scalar condensates

Semilocal and electroweak strings are well-known to be unstable against unwinding by the condensation of the second Higgs component in their cores. A large class of current models of dark matter contains dark scalar fields coupled to the Higgs sector of the Standard Model (Higgs portal) and/or dark U(1) gauge fields. It is shown, that Higgs-portal-type couplings and a gauge kinetic mixing term of the dark U(1) gauge field have a significant stabilising effect on semilocal strings in the "visible" sector.

hep-th↗

Vortices and magnetic bags in Abelian models with extended scalar sectors and some of their applications

A detailed study of vortices is presented in Ginzburg-Landau (or Abelian Higgs) models with two complex scalars (order parameters) assuming a general U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric potential. Particular emphasis is given to the case, when only one of the scalars obtains a vacuum expectation value (VEV). It is found that for a significantly large domain in parameter space vortices with a scalar field condensate in their core (condensate core, CC) coexist with Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) vortices. Importantly CC vortices are stable and have lower energy than the ANO ones. Magnetic bags or giant vortices of the order of 1000 flux quanta are favoured to form for the range of parameters ("strong couplings") appearing for the superconducting state of liquid metallic hydrogen (LMH). Furthermore, it is argued that finite energy/unit length 1VEV vortices are smoothly connected to fractional flux 2VEV ones. Stable, finite energy CC-type vortices are also exhibited in the case when one of the scalar fields is neutral.

hep-th↗

Self-gravitating scalar breathers with negative cosmological constant

Breather-type (time-periodic and spatially localized) solutions with spherical symmetry are investigated in a massless scalar field theory coupled to Einstein's gravity with cosmological constant in $d$ spatial dimensions imposing anti de Sitter (AdS) asymptotics on space-time. Using a code constructed with the Kadath library that enables the use of spectral methods, the phase space of breather solutions is explored in detail for $d=3$ and $d=4$. It is found that there are discrete families of solutions indexed by an integer and by their frequency. Using a time evolution code these AdS breathers are found to be stable for up to a critical central density, in analogy to boson stars. Using an analytical perturbative expansion small amplitude breathers are worked out for arbitrary dimensions $d$.

gr-qc↗

Eccentric first post-Newtonian waveforms for compact binaries in frequency domain with Hansen coefficients

The inspiral and merger of supermassive black hole binary systems with high orbital eccentricity are among the promising sources of the advanced gravitational wave observatories. In this paper we derive analytic ready-to-use first post-Newtonian eccentric waveform in Fourier domain with the use of Hansen coefficients. Introducing generic perturbations of celestial mechanics we have generalized the Hansen expansion to the first post-Newtonian order which are then used to express the waveforms. Taking into account the high eccentricity of the orbit leads to the appearance of secular terms in the waveform which are eliminated with the introduction of a phase shift. The waveforms have a systematic structure and as our main result these are expressed in a tabular form.

gr-qc↗

Scalar field breathers on anti-de Sitter background

We study spatially localized, time-periodic solutions (breathers) of scalar field theories with various self-interacting potentials on Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes in $D$ dimensions. A detailed numerical study of spherically symmetric configurations in $D=3$ dimensions is carried out, revealing a rich and complex structure of the phase-space (bifurcations, resonances). Scalar breather solutions form one-parameter families parametrized by their amplitude, $\varepsilon$, while their frequency, $ω=ω(\varepsilon)$, is a function of the amplitude. The scalar breathers on AdS we find have a small amplitude limit, tending to the eigenfunctions of the linear Klein-Gordon operator on AdS. Importantly most of these breathers appear to be generically stable under time evolution.

hep-th↗

Plane waves as tractor beams

It is shown that in a large class of systems plane waves can act as tractor beams: i.e., an incident plane wave can exert a pulling force on the scatterer. The underlying physical mechanism for the pulling force is due to the sufficiently strong scattering of the incoming wave into another mode having a larger wave number, in which case excess momentum is created behind the scatterer. Such a tractor beam or negative radiation pressure effect arises naturally in systems where the coupling between the scattering channels is due to Aharonov-Bohm (AB) gauge potentials. It is demonstrated that this effect is also present if the AB potential is an induced, ("artificial") gauge potential such as the one found in J. March-Russell, J. Preskill, F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2567 (1992).

hep-th↗

Parameter estimation for inspiraling eccentric compact binaries including pericenter precession

Inspiraling supermassive black hole binary systems with high orbital eccentricity are important sources for space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Eccentricity adds orbital harmonics to the Fourier transform of the GW signal and relativistic pericenter precession leads to a three-way splitting of each harmonic peak. We study the parameter estimation accuracy for such waveforms with different initial eccentricity using the Fisher matrix method and a Monte Carlo sampling of the initial binary orientation. The eccentricity improves the parameter estimation by breaking degeneracies between different parameters. In particular, we find that the source localization precision improves significantly for higher-mass binaries due to eccentricity. The typical sky position errors are $\sim1 $deg for a nonspinning, $10^7\,M_{\odot}$ equal-mass binary at redshift $z=1$, if the initial eccentricity 1 yr before merger is $e_0\sim 0.6$. Pericenter precession does not affect the source localization accuracy significantly, but it does further improve the mass and eccentricity estimation accuracy systematically by a factor of 3--10 for masses between $10^6$ and $10^7\,M_{\odot}$ for $e_0 \sim 0.3$.

gr-qc↗

Gravitational waves from binaries on unbound orbits

A generalized true anomaly-type parametrization, convenient to describe both bound and open orbits of a two-body system in general relativity is introduced. A complete description of the time evolution of both the radial and of the angular equations of a binary system taking into account the first order post-newtonian (1PN) is given. The gravitational radiation field emitted by the system is computed in the 1PN approximation including higher multipole moments beyond the standard quadrupole term. The gravitational waveforms in the time domain are explicitly given up to the 1PN order for unbound orbits, but the results are also illustrated on binaries on elliptic orbits with special attention given to the effects of eccentricity.

gr-qc↗

Boson stars and oscillatons in an inflationary universe

Spherically symmetric gravitationally bound, oscillating scalar lumps (boson stars and oscillatons) are considered in Einstein's gravity coupled to massive scalar fields in 1+D dimensional de Sitter-type inflationary space-times. We show that due to inflation bosons stars and oscillatons lose mass through scalar radiation, but at a rate that is exponentially small when the expansion rate is slow.

gr-qc↗

Mass loss and longevity of gravitationally bound oscillating scalar lumps (oscillatons) in D-dimensions

Spherically symmetric oscillatons (also referred to as oscillating soliton stars) i.e. gravitationally bound oscillating scalar lumps are considered in theories containing a massive self-interacting real scalar field coupled to Einstein's gravity in 1+D dimensional spacetimes. Oscillations are known to decay by emitting scalar radiation with a characteristic time scale which is, however, extremely long, it can be comparable even to the lifetime of our universe. In the limit when the central density (or amplitude) of the oscillaton tends to zero (small-amplitude limit) a method is introduced to compute the transcendentally small amplitude of the outgoing waves. The results are illustrated in detail on the simplest case, a single massive free scalar field coupled to gravity.

gr-qc↗

Oscillons in dilaton-scalar theories

It is shown by both analytical methods and numerical simulations that extremely long living spherically symmetric oscillons appear in virtually any real scalar field theory coupled to a massless dilaton (DS theories). In fact such "dilatonic" oscillons are already present in the simplest non-trivial DS theory -- a free massive scalar field coupled to the dilaton. It is shown that in analogy to the previously considered cases with a single nonlinear scalar field, in DS theories there are also time periodic quasibreathers (QB) associated to small amplitude oscillons. Exploiting the QB picture the radiation law of the small amplitude dilatonic oscillons is determined analytically.

hep-th↗