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Přemysl Jedlička

Publications and source records attributed to Přemysl Jedlička.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

Indecomposable non-degenerate 2-permutational solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

We present a complete characterization of all indecomposable non-degenerate, not necessarily involutive, solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutation level~2. We show that every such solution is a homomorphic image of a special, ``largest'' solution called \emph{the universal} one. On the other hand we prove that there is much simpler description. At first, on the product of a group $Z_n^2$ and an abelian group $G$, we construct some family of indecomposable non-degenerate solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutation level $2$. Next, applying Rosenbaum's theorem of subgroups of a semidirect product and isolating a triple: a subgroup of $G$, a subgroup of $Z_n^2$ and one group homomorphism, we obtain a~full description of each epimorphism which gives the desired solutions. Such a construction provides a tool how to find (and possibly enumerate) all indecomposable non-degenerate solutions of multipermutation level $2$. We also argue that the automorphism group of the discussed solutions is regular.

math.GR↗

Retracts of degenerate solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

Most of the set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation studied in the past years were non-degenerate multipermutation solutions. For degenerate solutions, a correct definition of multipermutation solutions has not been established so far. We fill here this gap providing a definition of multipermutation solutions that generalizes the one for non-degenerate solutions and we find an axiomatic description of this class by a set of equations that generalizes the equations describing non-degenerate multipermutation solutions. It turned out that the results do not need all the properties of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and therefore we prove them in a general universal-algebraic setting.

math-ph↗

Skew left braces and 2-reductive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

We study 2-reductive non-involutive non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. We give a combinatorial construction of any such solution of any (even infinite) size. We also prove that solutions associated to a skew left brace are 2-reductive if and only if the skew left brace is nilpotent of class 2. Moreover, all such skew left braces are actually bi-skew left braces. We focus on these structures and we give several equivalent properties characterizing solutions associated to bi-skew left braces.

math.CO↗

Indecomposable involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutation level 2 with non-abelian permutation group

We give a complete characterization of all indecomposable involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutation level~2. In the first step we present a construction of some family of such solutions and in the second step we prove that every indecomposable involutive solution of the Yang-Baxter equation with multipermutation level~2 is a homomorphic image of a solution previously constructed. Analyzing this epimorphism, we are able to obtain all such solutions up to isomorphism and enumerate these of small sizes.

math.GR↗

Central nilpotency of skew braces

Skew braces are algebraic structures related to the solutions of the set-theoretic quantum Yang-Baxter equation. We develop the central nilpotency theory for such algebraic structures in the sense of Freese-McKenzie \cite{comm} and we compare the universal algebraic notion of central nilpotency with the notion of right and left $*$-nilpotency developed in \cite{NilpotentType}.

math.GR↗

Indecomposable involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutational level 2 with abelian permutation group

We present a construction of all finite indecomposable involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutational level at most 2 with abelian permutation group. As a consequence, we obtain a formula for the number of such solutions with a fixed number of elements. We also describe some properties of the automorphism groups in this case - in particular, we show they are regular abelian groups.

math.GR↗

Homomorphic images of affine quandles

We are interested in abstract conditions that characterize homomorphic images of affine quandles. Our main result is a two-fold characterization of this class: one by a property of the displacement group, the other one by a property of the corresponding affine mesh. As a consequence, we obtain efficient algorithms for recognizing homomorphic images of affine quandles, including an efficient explicit construction of the covering affine quandle.

math.GR↗

Distributive biracks and solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

We investigate a class of non-involutive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation which generalize self-distributive (derived) solutions. In particular, we study generalized multipermutation solutions in this class. We show that the Yang-Baxter (permutation) groups of such solutions are nilpotent. We formulate the results in the language of biracks.

math.QA↗

The construction of multipermutation solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of level 2

We study involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation of multipermutation level 2. These solutions happen to fall into two classes -- distributive ones and non-distributive ones. The distributive ones can be effectively constructed using a set of abelian groups and a matrix of constants. Using this construction, we enumerate all distributive involutive solutions up to size 14. The non-distributive solutions can be also easily constructed, using a distributive solution and a permutation.

math.QA↗

The retraction relation for biracks

In {\it Set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang-Baxter equation} (Duke Math. J. {\bf 100} (1999), 169--209), Etingof, Schedler and Soloviev introduced, for each non-degenerate involutive set-theoretical solution $(X,σ,τ)$ of the Yang-Baxter equation, the equivalence relation $\sim$ defined on the set $X$ and they considered a new non-degenerate involutive induced \emph{retraction} solution defined on the quotient set $X^{\sim}$. It is well known that translating set-theoretical non-degenerate solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation into the universal algebra language we obtain an algebra called a \emph{birack}. In the paper we introduce the \emph{generalized retraction} relation $\approx$ on a birack, which is equal to $\sim$ in an involutive case. We present a complete algebraic proof that the relation $\approx$ is a congruence of the birack. Thus we show that the retraction of a set-theoretical non-degenerate solution is well defined not only in the involutive case but also in the case of all non-involutive solutions.

math.RA↗

Subquandles of affine quandles

A quandle will be called quasi-affine, if it embeds into an affine quandle. Our main result is a characterization of quasi-affine quandles, by group-theoretic properties of their displacement group, by a universal algebraic condition coming from the commutator theory, and by an explicit construction over abelian groups. As a consequence, we obtain efficient algorithms for recognizing affine and quasi-affine quandles, and we enumerate small quasi-affine quandles. We also prove that the "abelian implies quasi-affine" problem of universal algebra has affirmative answer for the class of quandles.

math.GR↗

Distributive and trimedial quasigroups of order 243

We enumerate three classes of non-medial quasigroups of order $243=3^5$ up to isomorphism. There are $17004$ non-medial trimedial quasigroups of order $243$ (extending the work of Kepka, Bénéteau and Lacaze), $92$ non-medial distributive quasigroups of order $243$ (extending the work of Kepka and Němec), and $6$ non-medial distributive Mendelsohn quasigroups of order $243$ (extending the work of Donovan, Griggs, McCourt, Opršal and Stanovský). The enumeration technique is based on affine representations over commutative Moufang loops, on properties of automorphism groups of commutative Moufang loops, and on computer calculations with the \texttt{LOOPS} package in \texttt{GAP}.

math.GR↗

The structure of medial quandles

Medial quandles are represented using a heterogeneous affine structure. As a consequence, we obtain numerous structural properties, including enumeration of isomorphism classes of medial quandles up to 13 elements.

math.GR↗