arXiv subjects

P. Grassberger

Publications and source records attributed to P. Grassberger.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv1999

Comment on "Intermittent Synchronization in a Pair of Coupled Chaotic Pendula"

In [G. Baker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 554 (1998)] a number of supposedly novel and surprising features were observed in a system composed of two periodically driven and asymmetrically coupled pendula. In particular it was claimed that `permanent synchronization ... does not occur except as a numerical artifact'. It was suggested that this might be related to the particular type of coupling. In this comment I want to point out that some of these claims cannot be maintained. The synchronization in this system is precisely of standard blow-out type. The observed intermittency is exactly the on-off intermittency well known from the synchronization of multifractal chaotic attractors.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1999

Pair Connectedness and Shortest Path Scaling in Critical Percolation

We present high statistics data on the distribution of shortest path lengths between two near-by points on the same cluster at the percolation threshold. Our data are based on a new and very efficient algorithm. For $d=2$ they clearly disprove a recent conjecture by M. Porto et al., Phys. Rev. {\bf E 58}, R5205 (1998). Our data also provide upper bounds on the probability that two near-by points are on different infinite clusters.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1999

SOC in a population model with global control

We study a plant population model introduced recently by J. Wallinga [OIKOS {\bf 74}, 377 (1995)]. It is similar to the contact process (`simple epidemic', `directed percolation'), but instead of using an infection or recovery rate as control parameter, the population size is controlled directly and globally by removing excess plants. We show that the model is very closely related to directed percolation (DP). Anomalous scaling laws appear in the limit of large populations, small densities, and long times. These laws, associated critical exponents, and even some non-universal parameters, can be related to those of DP. As in invasion percolation and in other models where the rôles of control and order parameters are interchanged, the critical value $p_c$ of the wetting probability $p$ is obtained in the scaling limit as singular point in the distribution of infection rates. We show that a mean field type approximation leads to a model studied by Y.C. Zhang et al. [J. Stat. Phys. {\bf 58}, 849 (1990)]. Finally, we verify the claim of Wallinga that family extinction in a marginally surviving population is governed by DP scaling laws, and speculate on applications to human mitochondrial DNA.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1998

Conductivity Exponent and Backbone Dimension in 2-d Percolation

We present high statistics simulations for 2-d percolation clusters in the "bus bar" geometry at the critical point, for site and for bond percolation. We measured their backbone sizes and electrical conductivities. For all sets of measurements we find large corrections to scaling, most of which do not seem to be described by single powers. Using single power terms for the corrections to scaling of the backbone masses, we would obtain fractal dimensions which are different for site and bond percolation, while the correct result is $D_b = 1.6432(8)$ for both. For the conductivity, the corrections to scaling are strongly non-monotonic for bond percolation. The exponent $t' = t/ν$ is measured as 0.9826(8), in disagreement with the Alexander-Orbach and other conjectures.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv1998

Synchronization of Coupled Systems with Spatiotemporal Chaos

We argue that the synchronization transition of stochastically coupled cellular automata, discovered recently by L.G. Morelli {\it et al.} (Phys. Rev. {\bf 58 E}, R8 (1998)), is generically in the directed percolation universality class. In particular, this holds numerically for the specific example studied by these authors, in contrast to their claim. For real-valued systems with spatiotemporal chaos such as coupled map lattices, we claim that the synchronization transition is generically in the universality class of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with a nonlinear growth limiting term.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv1998

PERM: A Monte Carlo Strategy for Simulating Polymers and Other Things

We describe a general strategy, PERM (Pruned-Enriched Rosenbluth Method), for sampling configurations from a given Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution. The method is not based on the Metropolis concept of establishing a Markov process whose stationary state is the wanted distribution. Instead, it starts off building instances according to a biased distribution, but corrects for this by cloning "good" and killing "bad" configurations. In doing so, it uses the fact that nontrivial problems in statistical physics are high dimensional. Therefore, instances are built step by step, and the final "success" of an instance can be guessed at an early stage. Using weighted samples, this is done so that the final distribution is strictly unbiased. In contrast to evolutionary algorithms, the cloning/killing is done without simultaneously keeping a large population in computer memory. We apply this in large scale simulations of homopolymers near the theta and unmixing critical points. In addition we sketch other applications, notably to polymers in confined geometries and to randomly branched polymers. For theta polymers we confirm the very strong logarithmic corrections found in previous work. For critical unmixing we essentially confirm the Flory-Huggins mean field theory and the logarithmic corrections to it computed by Duplantier. We suggest that the latter are responsible for some apparent violations of mean field behavior. This concerns in particular the exponent for the chain length dependence of the critical density which is 1/2 in Flory-Huggins theory, but is claimed to be $\approx 0.38$ in several experiments.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv1998

Testing a New Monte Carlo Strategy for Folding Model Proteins

We demonstrate that the recently proposed pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method PERM (P.~Grassberger, Phys.~Rev.~{\bf E 56} (1997) 3682) leads to very efficient algorithms for the folding of simple model proteins. We test it on several models for lattice heteropolymers, and compare to published Monte Carlo studies of the properties of particular sequences. In all cases our method is faster than the previous ones, and in several cases we find new minimal energy states. In addition to producing more reliable candidates for ground states, our method gives detailed information about the thermal spectrum and, thus, allows to analyze static aspects of the folding behavior of arbitrary sequences.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv1997

Two-dimensional oriented self-avoiding walks with parallel contacts

Two closely related models of oriented self-avoiding walks (OSAWs) on a square lattice are studied. We use the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method to determine numerically the phase diagram. Both models have three phases: a tight-spiral phase in which the binding of parallel steps dominates, a collapsed phase when the binding of anti-parallel steps dominates, and a free (open coil) phase. We show that the system features a first-order phase transition from the free phase to the tight-spiral phase, while both other transitions are continuous. The location of the phases is determined accurately. We also study turning numbers and gamma exponents in various regions of the phase diagram.

cond-mat↗

arXiv1997

Critical Unmixing of Polymer Solutions

We present Monte Carlo simulations of semidilute solutions of long self-attracting chain polymers near their Ising type critical point. The polymers are modeled as monodisperse self-avoiding walks on the simple cubic lattice with attraction between non-bonded nearest neighbors. Chain lengths are up to N=2048, system sizes are up to $2^{21}$ lattice sites and $2.8\times 10^5$ monomers. These simulations used the recently introduced pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method which proved extremely efficient, together with a histogram method for estimating finite size corrections. Our most clear result is that chains at the critical point are Gaussian for large $N$, having end-to-end distances $R\sim\sqrt{N}$. Also the distance $T_Θ-T_c(N)$ (where $T_Θ= \lim_{N\to\infty} T_c(N)$) scales with the mean field exponent, $T_Θ-T_c(N)\sim 1/\sqrt{N}$. The critical density seems to scale with a non-trivial exponent similar to that observed in experiments. But we argue that this is due to large logarithmic corrections. These corrections are similar to the very large corrections to scaling seen in recent analyses of $Θ$-polymers, and qualitatively predicted by the field theoretic renormalization group. The only serious deviation from this simple global picture concerns the N-dependence of the order parameter amplitudes which disagrees with a minimalistic ansatz of de Gennes. But this might be due to problems with finite size scaling. We find that the finite size dependence of the density of states $P(E,n)$ (where $E$ is the total energy and $n$ is the number of chains) is slightly but significantly different from that proposed recently by several authors.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv1995

ERROR PROPAGATION IN EXTENDED CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

A strong analogy is found between the evolution of localized disturbances in extended chaotic systems and the propagation of fronts separating different phases. A condition for the evolution to be controlled by nonlinear mechanisms is derived on the basis of this relationship. An approximate expression for the nonlinear velocity is also determined by extending the concept of Lyapunov exponent to growth rate of finite perturbations.

chao-dyn↗