SearcharxivSearch

arXiv subjects

P. H. Cezar

Publications and source records attributed to P. H. Cezar.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

The Quasar Feedback Survey: Ionised Outflows in type 2 QSOs with MUSE data

We study ionised gas properties in a sample of 18 luminous (log L$_{\rm bol}\geq45$ erg/s) obscured QSOs at 0.085<z<0.2 observed with VLT/MUSE as part of the multi-wavelength Quasar Feedback Survey (QFeedS) and with VLA at low- and high-resolution data. We compare the outflow-related quantities with values reported in the literature and investigate possible correlations between the outflows and other properties of the ionised gas such as the electron density. We adopt a non-parametric approach to characterise the ionised gas kinematics, traced by the [O III]5007 emission line, and use $W_{80}$ measured from the unresolved nuclear spectra as a threshold to identify outflow-dominated spaxels. A qualitative comparison between the radio and the $W_{80}$ maps shows that, in general, the peak of the radio coincides with the peak of the $W_{80}$. The [O III]5007 is used as a proxy for the ionised gas mass, and the outflow-related properties are obtained in two different ways: the global, which uses flux-weighted velocities and radii; and the peak, relying on radial profiles. We correct the [O III]5007 flux for extinction using the Balmer decrement. We take advantage of the MUSE sensitivity and use the [Ar IV]4711,4740 doublet, only observable in the integrated r=1.5'' spectra, to measure the electron density in each galaxy. We obtain $500<n_{e}{\rm[ cm^{-3}]}<27700$, leading to 0.03$<\dot{M}_{\rm out}/{\rm (M_{\odot} yr^{-1})}<$4.17 and $39<\dot{E}_{\rm kin}/{\rm [erg/s]}<42$. Our results emphasise the importance of accurate n$_e$ determination, leading to a difference of ~1 dex in the outflow rates and kinetic powers. We observe a positive correlation between $n_e$ and $V_{\rm out}$, interpreted as compression of the gas at higher velocities. This correlation should be further investigated at other luminosity and redshift ranges, but it can inform future outflow simulation studies.

astro-ph.GA

QSOFEED: Investigating warm molecular, low- and high-ionization atomic gas in six type-2 quasars with GTC/EMIR

We present long-slit near-infrared spectroscopic observations of six nearby (z$\sim$0.1) radio-quiet type-2 quasars (QSO2s) from the Quasar Feedback (QSOFEED) sample. They have bolometric luminosities of $10^{45-46}~erg~s^{-1}$ and stellar masses of $ 10^{10.6-11.3}~M_{\odot}$. The observations were obtained with the instrument Espectrógrafo Multiobjeto Infra-Rojo (EMIR) on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. The nuclear K-band spectra (central $\sim$1-3 kpc of the QSO2s) reveal signatures of high-velocity outflows in either the Pa$α$ or Br$γ$ lines, depending on the redshift, and in the [Si VI] lines. The broadest kinematic components have full width at half maximum (FWHM) of $\sim$1200-2500 km $s^{-1}$. From the near-infrared hydrogen recombination lines we derived ionized outflow masses of $M_{Hion} \sim0.08-20\times 10^{6}~M_{\odot}$, mass outflow rates of $\dot{M}_{Hion}\sim0.03-6~M_{\odot}~yr^{-1}$, and kinetic powers of $\dot{E}_{Hion}\sim 10^{37.8-40.8}~erg~s^{-1}$. These ionized gas outflow masses and mass outflow rates have median values that are 5.9 and 5.8 times larger, respectively, than those derived from the [Si VI] line. Our study provides evidence, at least for these six QSO2s, that the near-infrared recombination lines and [Si VI] are tracing the same outflow (i.e., they have similar kinematics and radii), but they carry different amounts of mass. We detected warm molecular lines in the six QSO2s, from which we measured total (nuclear) gas masses from 1.1 (0.7) to 32 (13) $\times~10^3~M_{\odot}$, similar to other QSO2s with warm $H_2$ measurements reported in the literature, but we did not find any molecular outflow associated with them. Comparing with other five QSO2s with $H_2$ measurements reported in the literature, we find that the four QSO2s with detected $H_2$ outflows have total (nuclear) $H_2$ masses 2.2 (2.7) times larger, on average.

astro-ph.GA

JWST MIRI reveals the diversity of nuclear mid-infrared spectra of nearby type-2 quasars

Type-2 quasars (QSO2s) are active galactic nuclei (AGN) seen through a significant amount of dust and gas that obscures the central supermassive black hole and the broad line region. Here we present new mid-infrared spectra of the central kiloparsec of five optically-selected QSO2s at redshift z~0.1 obtained with JWST/MIRI/MRS. These QSO2s belong to the QSOFEED sample and they have log Lbol=45.5-46.0 erg/s, global SFRs that place them above the main sequence, and practically identical optical spectral shape and [OIII] luminosity, but their nuclear mid-infrared spectra exhibit an unexpected diversity of both continua and features. They show: 1) 9.7 micron silicate features going from emission (strength of S9.7=0.5) to relatively strong absorption (S9.7=-1.0) and 18 and 23 micron silicates either in emission or flat. In addition, two of the QSO2s show absorption bands of CO, H2O, and aliphatic grains, indicating different levels of nuclear obscuration across the sample. 2) [NeV]/[NeII] ratios ranging from 0.1 to 2.1 and [NeIII]/[NeII] from 1.0 to 3.5, indicating different coronal line and ionizing continuum strengths. 3) Warm molecular gas masses of 1-4x10^7 Msun and warm-to-cold gas mass ratios of 1-2%, with molecular gas excitation likely due to jet-induced shocks in J1430+1339, and to UV heating and/or turbulence in J1509+0434. 4) PAH emission features with equivalent widths ranging from <0.002 to 0.075 micron, from which we measure a larger contribution from neutral molecules (PAH 11.3/6.2=1.3-3.4) and SFRs<3-7 Msun/yr. This unprecedented dataset allowed us to start exploring the role of various AGN and galaxy properties including ionizing continuum, obscuration, electron density, and jet-ISM interactions on some of the spectral differences listed above, but larger samples are now required to fully understand the diversity of QSO2s' nuclear mid-infrared spectra.

astro-ph.GA

Unveiling the warm molecular outflow component of type-2 quasars with SINFONI

We present seeing-limited (0.8 arcsec) near-infrared integral field spectroscopy data of the type-2 quasars (QSO2s) SDSS J135646.10+102609.0 (J1356) and SDSS J143029.89+133912.1 (J1430, the Teacup), both belonging to the Quasar Feedback (QSOFEED) sample. The nuclear K-band spectra (1.95-2.45 \textmu m) of these radio-quiet QSO2s reveal several $H_2$ emission lines, indicative of the presence of a warm molecular gas reservoir (T$\geq$1000 K). We measure nuclear masses of 5.9, 4.1, and 1.5 $\times 10^3~M_{\odot}$ in the inner 0.8 arcsec diameter region of the Teacup, J1356 north (J1356N), and south nuclei, respectively. The total warm $H_2$ mass budget is $\sim 4.5$ and $\sim 1.3 \times 10^4~M_{\odot}$ for the Teacup and J1356N, implying warm-to-cold molecular gas ratios of $10^{-6}$. The warm molecular gas kinematics, traced with the $H_2$1-0S(1) and S(2) emission lines, is consistent with that of the cold molecular phase, traced by ALMA CO emission at higher angular resolution (0.2 and 0.6 arcsec). In J1430, we detect the blue- and red-shifted sides of a compact warm molecular outflow extending up to 1.9 kpc and with velocities of 450 km/s. In J1356 only the red-shifted side is detected, with a radius of up to 2.0 kpc and velocity of 370 km/s. The outflow masses are 2.6 and 1.5 $\times 10^3~M_{\odot}$ for the Teacup and J1356N, and the warm-to-cold gas ratios in the outflows are 0.8 and 1 $\times 10^{-4}$, implying that the cold molecular phase dominates the mass budget. We measure warm molecular mass outflow rates of 6.2 and 2.9 $\times 10^{-4}~M_{\odot}/yr$ for the Teacup and J1356N, approximately 0.001\% of the total mass outflow rate. We find an enhancement of velocity dispersion in the $H_2$1-0S(1) residual dispersion map of the Teacup, both along and perpendicular to the compact radio jet direction. This enhanced turbulence can be reproduced by simulations of jet-ISM interactions.

astro-ph.GA