arXiv subjects

P. J. Porfírio

Publications and source records attributed to P. J. Porfírio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Nonrotating and rotating black holes with secondary disformal hair in a ghost-free metric-affine parity-violating scalar-torsion theory

In this paper, we formulate a ghost-free metric-affine scalar-torsion model in which a pseudoscalar field is coupled to the Nieh--Yan density and derivatively coupled to the Einstein-Palatini tensor. The theory is projectively invariant and, in the shift-symmetric sector, depends on the scalar only through its gradient. After fixing the projective gauge, the independent connection is solved exactly: its symmetric part is the Levi-Civita connection associated with the metric $h_{μν}$, disformally related to the metric $g_{μν}$, while its antisymmetric part is a purely axial torsion sourced by $v_μ=\partial_μ\vartheta$. We identify a degenerate ghost-free branch, $α=6β^2κ^2$, for which Ricci-flat geometries in the $h$-metric frame solve the metric equations and the Noether current vanishes identically. For example, we consider Schwarzschild and Kerr geometries in the $h$-metric frame, which generate disformal deformations on these geometries from the perspective of the $g$-metric frame. For the Schwarzschild black hole in the $h$-metric frame, we construct static and Babichev--Charmousis-like time-dependent scalar profiles, and discuss horizon regularity in Eddington--Finkelstein coordinates. For the Kerr black hole in the $h$-metric frame, we show that the fixed-norm scalar profile is generically axisymmetric, depending on both the radial and angular coordinates, and we construct a stationary future-regular profile in ingoing Kerr coordinates. The Kerr solution with the nontrivial scalar field is stealth only in the $h$-metric frame. In the $g$-metric frame, it produces disformal corrections stemming from the nontrivial scalar field profile and it represents secondary disformal scalar hair rather than primary Noether-charge hair.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2026

Lorentz violating quadratic gravity

In this paper, we explore the perturbative renormalization and study the classical dynamics of the bumblebee model coupled to quadratic gravity, a theoretical setting that allows the violation of Lorentz symmetry. Such a violation arises from a vector field whose potential is engineered to induce a nonzero vacuum expectation value (VEV), thereby leading to the emergence of a preferred direction in spacetime and, consequently, to the spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry. Working in dimensional regularization and expanding the metric around flat space, we compute the one-loop divergent parts of the two-point functions of the bumblebee and graviton fields, with special emphasis on the role of Lorentz-violating insertions in internal lines. These results determine the counterterms required to renormalize the gravitational and bumblebee sectors in the presence of a preferred background direction, and make explicit how Lorentz-violating interactions feed back into the UV structure of quadratic gravity. On the classical side, we derive the field equations and identify exact solutions supported by bumblebee backgrounds. In particular, we show that the Schwarzschild and de Sitter geometries remain exact solutions for an appropriate bumblebee field profile, even in the presence of one of the non-minimal couplings. We close with a discussion of the operator content suggested by the one-loop structure and of prospective extensions to cosmological and less symmetric backgrounds.

hep-th↗

arXiv2026

A novel nonlocal spin-1/2 theory: classical and quantum aspects

We propose a novel nonlocal spin-1/2 theory in which the form factor depends on the Dirac operator rather than on the d'Alembert operator. In this scenario, we explore some classical and quantum aspects of this new theory. At the classical level, we investigate the dispersion relation of free spin-1/2 particles and find that it increasingly deviates from the standard case as the nonlocal effects become relevant. At the quantum level, we compute the fermionic one-loop effective action for the nonlocal spin-1/2 theory with Yukawa coupling and show that the contributions of nonlocal effects are significant in the UV limit, while in the IR they are suppressed by a UV cutoff scale, which has been chosen to coincide with the nonlocality scale $Λ$. We minimally couple a $U(1)$ gauge field to the nonlocal spin-1/2 field theory and explicitly demonstrate that this theory is gauge invariant. Finally, we obtain a nonlocal version of the Pauli equation and the impact of the nonlocality in the $g$-factor of massive particles.

hep-th↗

arXiv2025

Gravitational lensing by a Lorentz-violating black hole

In this work, we study the gravitational lensing by a Lorentz-violating (LV) black hole inspired by the recent contribution [1]. Explicitly, we concentrate on a specific application: we perform the computation of gravitational lensing effects under the strong field limit. In particular, we analytically derive the deflection angle so that the lens equation can also be addressed. This methodological approach yields physically measurable outcomes, including the determination of relativistic image positions and their corresponding magnifications. As an application of this methodology, we consider the gravitational lensing by Sagittarius A${}^*$ and obtain the corresponding observables expressed as functions of the LV parameter.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Fermionic greybody factors and strong gravitational lensing by Lorentz-violating global monopole

In this work, we study the greybody factors (GFs) of spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 fermions for a black hole with global monopole in self-interacting Kalb-Ramond gravity with Lorentz symmetry violation. For our purpose, we consider the Dirac and Rarita-Schwinger equations in curved spacetime by proceeding with separating these equations into sets of radial and angular equations. Using the analytical solution of the angular equation, the Schrödinger-like wave equations with potentials are derived by decoupling the radial wave equations using the tortoise coordinate. Moreover, we calculate the angular deflection of light in the strong field limit. With the expression for angular deflection in the strong field limit, we compute the positions as well as magnification of the respective relativistic images. We compute the shadows cast by the Lorentz-violating (LV) black hole with a global monopole and analyze how the LV parameter and the monopole charge affect the shadows.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Global monopole in a Ricci-coupled Kalb-Ramond bumblebee gravity

In this paper, we investigate black hole solutions in Einstein-Kalb-Ramond (EKR) bumblebee gravity sourced by a global monopole characterized by the charge $η$. This modified theory of gravity possesses the notable feature of incorporating local Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) via a spontaneous symmetry-breaking mechanism. We solve the field equations for a static and spherically symmetric metric with the Kalb-Ramond (KR) field fixed at its VEV, thereby obtaining new black hole solutions. These solutions simultaneously exhibit the LSB effects, codified by the $γ$ parameter, and the global monopole effects, codified by the charge $η$. Next, we study the impact of the global monopole and LSB corrections on two classical tests, namely, the advance of Mercury's perihelion and the light deflection. Furthermore, we compute the Hawking temperature, black hole shadows, and greybody factors. Ultimately, we estimate an upper bound for $η$ by comparing the theoretical results provided by the EKR model with observational data from the advance of Mercury's perihelion and light deflection.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

New brane-like solutions in modified four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

We investigate solutions of a new $4D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity ($4D$ $EGB$). We first describe the bulk vacuum solution, then we add a massive probe scalar field, and we follow considering a self-interacting scalar field which acts as a source to support thick brane solutions in the four-dimensional $EGB$ scenario with a single extra dimension of infinite extent. We illustrate our results with some distinct brane-like configurations engendering controllable thickness. It is noteworthy that such configurations are simultaneous solutions in both versions of the modified theory of gravity, the original Glavan and Lin formulation and the regularized $4D$ $EGB$.

hep-th↗

arXiv2025

Thermodynamical properties of a deformed Schwarzschild black hole via Dunkl generalization

In this paper, we construct a deformed Schwarzschild black hole from the de Sitter gauge theory of gravity within Dunkl generalization and we determine the metric coefficients versus Dunkl parameter and parity operators. Since the spacetime coordinates are not affected by the group transformations, only fields are allowed to change under the action of the symmetry group. A particular ansatz for the gauge fields is chosen and the components of the strength tensor are computed as well. Additionally, we analyze the modifications on the thermodynamic properties to a spherically symmetric black hole due to Dunkl parameters for even and odd parities. Finally, we verify a novel remark highlighted from heat capacity: the appearance of a phase transition when the odd parity is taken into account.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2025

Properties of an axisymmetric Lorentzian non-commutative black hole

In this work, we start by examining a spherically symmetric black hole within the framework of non-commutative geometry and apply a modified Newman-Janis method to obtain a new rotating solution. We then investigate its consequences, focusing on the horizon structure, ergospheres, and the black hole's angular velocity. Following this, a detailed thermodynamic analysis is performed, covering surface gravity, Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity. We also study geodesic motion, with particular emphasis on null geodesics and their associated radial accelerations. Additionally, the photon sphere and the resulting black hole shadows are explored. Finally, we compute the quasinormal modes for scalar perturbations using the 6th-order WKB approximation.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2024

Dynamical Lorentz Symmetry Breaking in a Scale-free Theory of Gravity

This paper explores the renormalization of scale-free quadratic gravity coupled to the bumblebee field and its potential for dynamically breaking Lorentz symmetry. We conduct one-loop renormalization of the model and calculate the associated renormalization group functions. Furthermore, we compute the one-loop effective potential for the bumblebee field, demonstrating that it acquires a non-trivial vacuum expectation value (VEV) through radiative corrections -- a phenomenon known as the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. This spontaneous breaking of scale invariance, driven by the non-zero VEV of the bumblebee field, leads to Lorentz symmetry violation. As a result, the non-minimal coupling between the bumblebee and gravitational fields induces a spontaneous generation of an Einstein-Hilbert term via radiative corrections, suggesting a possible link between the Planck scale and Lorentz violation phenomena.

hep-th↗

arXiv2024

Generalized Chern-Pontryagin models

We formulate a new class of modified gravity models, that is, generalized four-dimensional Chern-Pontryagin models, whose action is characterized by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar $R$ and the Chern-Pontryagin topological term ${}^*RR$, i.e., $f(R, {}^*RR)$. Within this framework, we derive the gravitational field equations and solve them for a particular model, $f(R, {}^*RR)=R+β({}^*RR)^2$, considering two ansatzes: the slowly rotating metric and first-order perturbations of Gödel-type metrics. For the former, we find a first-order correction to the frame-dragging effect boosted by the parameter $L$, which characterizes the departures from general relativity results. For the latter, Gödel-type metrics hold unperturbed. We conclude this paper by displaying that generalized four-dimensional Chern-Pontryagin models admit a scalar-tensor representation, whose explicit form presents two scalar fields: $Φ$, a dynamical degree of freedom, while the second, $\vartheta$, a non-dynamical degree of freedom. In particular, the scalar field $\vartheta$ emerges coupled with the Chern-Pontryagin topological term ${}^*RR$, i.e., $\vartheta {}^*RR$, which is nothing more than Chern-Simons term.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2024

Rotation effects on the graphene wormhole energy levels

In this work, we are interested in how spinning effects influence the electronic properties of the graphene wormhole. For this purpose, we have described the graphene by the wormhole background based on the model developed by González and his co-workers. By applying a coordinate transformation in the metric of graphene wormhole, we can introduce rotating effects. In the continuum limit, by solving the massless Dirac equation in the context of a rotating wormhole background, we obtain the Landau levels for the rotating graphene wormhole. We still have exposed the analogy between the graphene wormhole and fermions on the Gödel-type spacetime.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

Braneworlds in bumblebee gravity

We investigate thick-brane solutions within the five-dimensional bumblebee gravity in the presence of a real scalar field. Specifically, we implement the Lorentz symmetry breaking scenario within this context and obtain brane-like structures. Since the contribution of the bumblebee field is expected to be weak, we solve the field equations in the small-parameter regime. In this situation, we develop a first-order framework to describe the brane. The results show that the function which drives the bumblebee field may engender a lumplike structure whose shape depends on the parameters. On one hand, the effect of the non-minimal coupling, controlled by $ξ$, between the bumblebee field and gravity shifts the field from the vacuum expectation value. On the other hand, the aether parameter, $β$, is responsible for modifying the solution inside the brane.

hep-th↗

arXiv2024

Effects of non-commutative geometry on black hole properties

In this study, we investigate the signatures of a non-commutative black hole solution. Initially, we calculate the thermodynamic properties of the system, including entropy, heat capacity, and Hawking radiation. For the latter quantity, we employ two distinct methods: surface gravity and the topological approach. Additionally, we examine the emission rate and remnant mass within this context. Remarkably, the lifetime of the black hole, after reaching its final state due to the evaporation process, is expressed analytically up to a grey-body factor. We estimate the lifetime for specific initial and final mass configurations. Also, we analyze the tensorial quasinormal modes using the 6th-order WKB method. Finally, we study the deflection angle, i.e., gravitational lensing, in both the weak and strong deflection limits.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2024

Landau levels for massive disclinated graphene-based topological insulator

In this work, we investigate the massive Kane-Mele model for graphene in the presence of disclination and an external magnetic field, where graphene behaviors as a topological insulator. In the low-energy limit, the effective field equation for graphene is described by a Dirac equation with three different degrees of freedom. We succeed to decouple the set of eight components of the Dirac equation by using the spin projector \hat{C} in the disclinated geometry. As consequence, we obtain the Landau levels in this framework, in which we note the emergence of zero modes as edge states due to the inversion symmetry breaking. We also note that for different sites in sublattices \mathcal{A/B}, one can have different values of gap width.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

An exact stationary axisymmetric vacuum solution within a metric--affine bumblebee gravity

Within the framework of the spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking, we consider a metric--affine generalization of the gravitational sector of the Standard--Model Extension (SME), including the Lorentz--violating (LV) coefficients $u$ and $s^{μν}$. In this model, we derive the modified Einstein field equations in order to obtain a new axisymmetric vacuum spinning solution for a particular bumblebee's profile. Such a solution has the remarkable property of incorporating the effects of Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) through the LV dimensionless parameter $X=ξb^2$, as the LSB is turned off, $X=0$, we recover the well--established result, the Kerr solution, as expected. Afterwards, we calculate the geodesics, the radial acceleration and thermodynamic quantities for this new metric. We also estimate an upper bound for $X$ by using astrophysical data of the advance Mercury's perihelion.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Gravitational signatures of a non--commutative stable black hole

This work investigates several key aspects of a non--commutative theory with mass deformation. We calculate thermodynamic properties of the system and compare our results with recent literature. We examine the \textit{quasinormal} modes of massless scalar perturbations using two approaches: the WKB approximation and the Pöschl--Teller fitting method. Our results indicate that stronger non--commutative parameters lead to slower damping oscillations of gravitational waves and higher partial absorption cross sections. Furthermore, we study the geodesics of massless and massive particles, highlighting that the non--commutative parameter $Θ$ significantly impacts the paths of light and event horizons. Also, we calculate the shadows, which show that larger values of $Θ$ correspond to larger shadow radii, and provide some constraints on $Θ$ applying the observation of Sgr $A^{*}$ from the Event Horizon Telescope. Finally, we explore the deflection angle in this context.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2023

Vacuum solution within a metric-affine bumblebee gravity

We consider a metric-affine extension to the gravitational sector of the Standard-Model Extension for the Lorentz-violating coefficients $u$ and $s^{μν}$. The general results, which are applied to a specific model called metric--affine bumblebee gravity, are obtained. A Schwarzschild-like solution, incorporating effects of the Lorentz symmetry breaking through coefficient $X=ξb^2$, is found. Furthermore, a complete study of the geodesics trajectories of particles has been accomplished in this background, emphasizing the departure from general relativity. We also compute the advance of Mercury's perihelion and the deflection of light within the context of the weak field approximation, and we verify that there exist two new contributions ascribed to the Lorentz symmetry breaking. As a phenomenological application, we compare our theoretical results with observational data in order to estimate the coefficient $X$.

gr-qc↗