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P. K. Chattopadhyay

Publications and source records attributed to P. K. Chattopadhyay.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Production of high-quality plasma discharges via real-time control of plasma current ramp-up using neutral gas injection in Aditya-U tokamak

Robust control of plasma current ramp-up is an absolute necessity, as an efficient and uncontaminated plasma current ramp-up is essential for achieving prolonged, high-pressure tokamak plasma discharges. In conventional tokamaks with Ohmic breakdown, the plasma current ramp-up is achieved primarily with pre-fixed temporal profiles of the applied toroidal electric field and the equilibrium magnetic field (Bv). The pre-fixed temporal profiles of these fields are often insufficient to maintain a successful plasma current ramp-up, as several unquantified dynamical variables, such as the condition of the vessel wall and plasma-facing components, influence the plasma current rise. Fuel gas injection in an appropriate quantity at a suitable time during the current ramp-up is therefore used to control the plasma current rise rate, ensuring successful plasma current start-up in Aditya-U. The gas injection time and gas quantity are controlled based on real-time measurement of plasma current rise rate using a digital signal processor (DSP) controller. This special control scheme is capable of achieving the plasma current to rise nearly at the desired rate, resulting in a successful start-up and a stable plasma discharge.

physics.plasm-ph↗

Development of a thin-target hard X-ray bremsstrahlung detection system to study confined runaway electrons in Aditya-U Tokamak

A specially shielded CdTe detector based hard X-ray (HXR) monitoring system equipped with a lead collimator has been developed and installed on the Aditya-U tokamak to investigate the dynamics of fast electrons (~20-200 keV) generated during sawtooth activity. The pre-existing HXR monitor in Aditya-U is exposed to the entire HXR bremsstrahlung emission from the plasma volume, peripheral limiters, and other structural components, which limits its ability to separately study the dynamics of lost and confined runaway electrons (REs). In contrast, the newly developed diagnostic has successfully measured the chord-averaged thin-target HXR bremsstrahlung emission encompassing the core plasma region, particularly within and around the sawtooth inversion radius. The measured HXR spectra are validated through forward modelling code that incorporates plasma parameters, confined RE characteristics, and the geometric configuration of the diagnostic system. The results confirm the capability of the developed HXR monitor to probe the fast-electron dynamics during internal plasma instabilities.

physics.plasm-ph↗

Stabilization of sawteeth instability by short gas pulse injection in ADITYA-U tokamak

Experiments on ADITYA-U tokamak show a marked enhancement in the sawtooth period by application of short gas puffs of fuel that cause a modification of the radial density profile. A consequent suppression of the trapped electron modes (TEMs) then leads to an increase in the core electron temperature. This slows down the heat propagation following a sawtooth crash, causing a delay in achieving the critical temperature gradient inside the q = 1 surface required for the next sawtooth crash to happen. The overall scenario has strong similarities with the behavior of sawtooth under electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Our findings suggest an alternate, simpler technique for sawtooth control that may be usefully employed in small/medium-sized tokamaks that do not have an ECRH or any other auxiliary heating facility.

physics.plasm-ph↗

MHD activity induced coherent mode excitation in the edge plasma region of ADITYA-U Tokamak

In this paper, we report the excitation of coherent density and potential fluctuations induced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in the edge plasma region of ADITYA-U Tokamak. When the amplitude of the MHD mode, mainly the m/n = 2/1, increases beyond a threshold value of 0.3-0.4 %, coherent oscillations in the density and potential fluctuations are observed having the same frequency as that of the MHD mode. The mode numbers of these MHD induced density and potential fluctuations are obtained by Langmuir probes placed at different radial, poloidal, and toroidal locations in the edge plasma region. Detailed analyses of these Langmuir probe measurements reveal that the coherent mode in edge potential fluctuation has a mode structure of m/n = 2/1 whereas the edge density fluctuation has an m/n = 1/1 structure. It is further observed that beyond the threshold, the coupled power fraction scales almost linearly with the magnitude of magnetic fluctuations. Furthermore, the rise rates of the coupled power fraction for coherent modes in density and potential fluctuations are also found to be dependent on the growth rate of magnetic fluctuations. The disparate mode structures of the excited modes in density and plasma potential fluctuations suggest that the underlying mechanism for their existence is most likely due to the excitation of the global high-frequency branch of zonal flows occurring through the coupling of even harmonics of potential to the odd harmonics of pressure due to 1/R dependence of the toroidal magnetic field.

physics.plasm-ph↗

Maximum mass of an anisotropic compact object admitting the modified Chaplygin equation of state in Buchdahl-I metric

In this article, a new class of exact solutions for anisotropic compact objects is presented. Admitting the modified Chaplygin equation of state $p=Hρ-\frac{K}{ρ^{n}}$, where $H$, $K$ and $n$ are constants with $0<n\leq1$, and employing the Buchdahl-I metric within the framework of the general relativity stellar model is obtained. Recent observations on pulsars and GW events reveal that the observed maximum mass of compact stars detected so far is approximately $2.59^{+0.08}_{-0.09}~M_{\odot}$. Since massive stars cannot be supported by a soft equation of state, a constraint of the equation of state must hold. The choice of a suitable equation of state for the interior matter of compact objects may predict useful information compatible with recent observations. TOV equations have been solved using the modified Chaplygin equation of state to find the maximum mass in this model. In particular, the theory can achieve $3.72~M_{\odot}$, when $H=1.0$, $K=10^{-7}$ and $n=1$. The model is suitable for describing the mass of pulsars PSR J2215+5135 and PSR J0952-0607 and the mass $2.59^{+0.08}_{-0.09}~M_{\odot}$ of the companion star in the GW 190814 event. The $3.72~M_{\odot}$ is hardly achievable theoretically in general relativity considering fast rotation effects too. To check the physical viability of this model, we have opted for the stability analysis and energy conditions. We have found that our model satisfies all the necessary criteria to be a physically realistic model.

gr-qc↗

A comparative study on maximum mass and radius of compact star from Heintzmann geometry and TOV approach

In this article a class of anisotropic compact star is analysed in Heintzmann geometry. We have introduced the pressure anisotropy parameter ($α$) and solved Einstein field equations to obtain stellar model. We have considered $g_{tt}$ component as proposed by Heintzmann and by solving Einstein field equation, the $g_{rr}$ component is evaluated in presence of pressure anisotropy. It is noted that for isotropic star ($α=0$), the maximum mass lies within the range $1.87-3.04~ M_{\odot}$ for radii ranges between $8-13$ Km. For anisotropic compact stars maximum mass increases with $α$ and lies within the range $1.99-3.23~ M_{\odot}$ for anisotropy parameter $α=0.5$. The physical viability of the model is examined by applying our model to study the properties of few known compact objects. It is noted that all the stability conditions are fulfilled in the proposed model. It is interesting to note that maximum mass calculated from our model and from solving TOV equation are approximately same and also the predicted radius of few newly observed pulsars and companion star of GW events GW 190814 and GW 170817 from our model comply with the estimated value of radius from observation.

gr-qc↗

Behaviour of Ion Acoustic Soliton in a two-electron temperature plasmas of Multi-pole line cusp Plasma Device (MPD)

This article presents the experimental observations and characterization of Ion Acoustic Soliton (IAS) in a unique Multi-pole line cusp Plasma Device (MPD) device in which the magnitude of the pole-cusp magnetic field can be varied. And by varying the magnitude of the pole-cusp magnetic field, the proportions of two-electron-temperature components in the filament-produced plasmas of MPD can be varied. The solitons are experimentally characterized by measuring their amplitude-width relation and Mach numbers. The nature of the solitons is further established by making two counter-propagating solitons interact with each other. Later, the effect of the two-temperature electron population on soliton amplitude and width is studied by varying the magnitude of the pole cusp-magnetic field. It has been observed that different proportions of two-electron-temperature significantly influence the propagation of IAS. The amplitude of the soliton has been found to be following inversely with the effective electron temperature (Teff)

physics.plasm-ph↗

A new mass limit ($3.61~M_{\odot}$) of strange star admitting CFL equation of state

A class of strange star is analyzed in the present article in hydrostatic equilibrium whose state is defined by a CFL phase equation of state. We compare our result with those obtained from MIT bag equation of state for strange quark matter which are regarded as free particles. We note that if we consider quarks to form cooper pair and their description is made by CFL equation of state, the maximum mass of strange star assumes value as high as 3.61 $M_{\odot}$ which is well above the value 2.03 $M_{\odot}$ obtained by considering MIT bag equation of state for massless free quarks. Both the maximum masses are determined by solving TOV equation for different values of strange quark mass $m_s$. Thus inclusion of possibility of quark pair formation in the theory permits us to accommodate a wider class of compact objects like 4U 1820-30, PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0030+0451, PSR J1903+0327, PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0952-0607 and mass of the companion star in GW170817 and GW190814 events in our model. The consideration of such high value of mass is hardly obtainable theoretically from normal strange star models in General Relativity even with fast rotation effect. The object PSR J0952-0607 is found to be the fastest and heaviest pulsar in the disk of Milky Way Galaxy having mass 2.59 $M_{\odot}$ may be predicted in our model as observational evidence supports the existence of strange quark matter in its composition.

gr-qc↗

Stable Charged Gravastar model in Cylindrically Symmetric Space-time

In this paper, we have extended the idea of gravitational Bose-Einstein condensate star (gravastar) to charged gravastar system and explored the role of charge in gravastar formation and its properties. We have used the most general line element in cylindrically symmetric space-time. In this approach the existence of singularity at the center of gravastar is removed and the event horizon is replaced by the thin shell approximation. The proper length of the shell is calculated along with the energy of the thin shell. A mass limit for thin shell has also been evaluated. The entropy calculation shows that the entropy of the configuration is smaller than that of a quasi-black hole system and even smaller than that of a classical black hole. Unlike black hole, the gravastar system is a stable configuration and there is no information paradox.

gr-qc↗

Maximum mass and radius of strange stars in Finch-Skea geometry in dimensions $D\geq4$

In this article, we demonstrated a stellar model for compact star in presence of strange matter embedded in $D\ge4$ dimensional space-time defind by Finch-Skea metric. To study the relevant physical properties of the interior matter, we consider the equation of state $(henceforth~EOS)$ as proposed in MIT bag model given by $p=\frac{1}{3}(ρ-4B)$, where $B$ is termed as bag constant. The Mass-Radius relationships in four and higher dimensions are determined using the range of values of surface density through the relation $ρ_{s}=4B$ for which bulk strange matter may be a viable issue for compact objects. Here we choose the range of $B$ such that stable strange matter may exist at zero external pressure relative to neutron. We note that a maximum value of the stellar radius is exist when $B$ is fixed at a given allowed value for which metric functions considered here to be real. This is the maximum allowed radius $(b_{max})$ in this model which depends on surface density of a strange star. In four dimensions the compactness of a star is found to be greater than 0.33. In case of higher dimensions ($D>4$), we observed different values of compactness. Causality conditions are satisfied interior to the star upto maximum allowed radius $(b_{max})$ for which metric function is real. The validity of energy conditions, surface red-shift and other parameters of the stellar configuration are studied and found new results. Stability of the system is also studied.

gr-qc↗

Stable Gravastar model in Cylindrically Symmetric Space-time

We represent a class of new Gravastar solutions as obtained by Mazur and Mottola in a gravitational Bose-Einstein condensate (GBEC) in a cylindrical symmetric space-time. A stable gravastar with three distinct regions namely, (i) Interior de-Sitter space, (ii) Intermediate thin shell with a slice of finite length and (iii) exterior vacuum region. The interior region is characterised by positive energy density and negative pressure $(p=-ρ)$, which exerts a repulsive outward force at all points on the thin shell. The thin shell separating the interior and exterior is supposed to be consisting of ultra-relativistic stiff fluid having equation of state $p=ρ$, which satisfies the Zel'dovich's criteria. This thin shell, which is considered as the critical surface for the quantum phase transition, replaces both the classical de-Sitter and Schwarzschild event horizons. The new solution is free from any singularities as well as any information paradox. The energy density, total energy, proper length, mass and entropy of the shell region are explored in this model and the gravastar model is stable and physically viable.

gr-qc↗

Experimental observation of drift wave turbulence in an inhomogeneous six-pole cusp magnetic field of MPD

This paper presents a detailed study on the controlled experimental observation of drift wave instabilities in an inhomogeneous Six pole cusp magnetic field generated by an in-house developed Multi-pole line cusp magnetic field device (MPD) [Patel et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 44, 726 (2018)]. The device is composed of six axially symmetric cusps and non-cusp (in between two consecutive magnets) regions. The observed instability has been investigated in one of these non-cusp regions by controlling the radial plasma density gradient with changing pole magnetic field which is a unique feature of this device. It has been observed that the frequency of the instability changes explicitly with the density gradient. Moreover the scale length of plasma parameters, frequency spectrum, cross-correlation function, and fluctuation level of plasma densities has been measured in order to identify the instability. The cross field drift velocity due to fluctuation in plasma parameters have been measured from the wave number- frequency S (kz, ω) spectrum and verified with the theoretical values obtained from density scale length formula. Further from the S (kz, ω) spectrum it has been found that the drift velocity alternates the sign in the consecutive non-cusp regions.

physics.plasm-ph↗

Hollow density formation in magnetically expanding helicon plasma

Measurement of radial density profile in both the source and expansion chambers of a helicon plasma device have revealed that it is always centrally peaked in the source chamber, whereas in the expansion chamber near the diverging magnetic field it becomes hollow above a critical value of the magnetic field. This value corresponds to that above which both electrons and ions become magnetized. The temperature profile is always peaked off- axis and tail electrons are found at the peak location in both the source and expansion chambers. Rotation of the tail electrons in the azimuthal direction in the expansion chamber due to gradient-B drift produces more ionization off-axis and creates a hollow density profile; however, if the ions are not magnetized, the additional ionization does not cause hollowness.

physics.plasm-ph↗

A new multi line-cusp magnetic field plasma device (MPD) with variable magnetic field for fundamental plasma studies

One of the fundamental problems is the understanding of physics of electrostatic and electromagnetic fluctuations in multi-scale plasma turbulence. Especially so, in continuously connected plasma regions with varying degree of magnetization. Examples range from multiscale plasmas in Magnetron-like devices to astrophysical plasmas confined by magnetic dipole structures, solar wind driven collision-less and weakly collisional plasmas around Earth, to mention a few. Such plasmas are dominated by both electron scale and ion scale physics as well as finite beta effects. To investigate such processes in laboratory experiments requires excellent control of continuously connected regions of nearly zero plasma beta with finite beta regions as well as the gradient length scales of mean density and temperatures. To address some of these phenomena at laboratory scale, a new multi-line cusp configured plasma device (MPD) consisting of electromagnets with core material has been constructed with a capability to experimentally control the relative volume fractions of magnetized to unmagntized plasma volume as well as accurate control on the gradient length scales of mean density and temperature profiles. The hot tungsten cathode produced Argon plasma in the MPD has been characterised using single Langmuir probes. Argon plasma has been produced in the device over a wide range of pressure 5 x 10-5 mBar to 1 x 10-3 mBar, achieving plasma density range from 109 to 1011cm-3 and temperature in the range 1eV to 8eV.

physics.plasm-ph↗

Gravitational Field of A Radiating Star in Higher Dimensions

We obtain fields of a relativistic radiating star of non-static mass in the framework of higher dimensional spacetime. Assuming energy-momentum tensor in Higher dimensions analogous to that considered by Vaidya in 4 dimensions we obtain solution of a radiating spherically symmetric star. The solution obtained here is new in higher dimensions which however reduces to that obtained by Vaidya in 4 dimensions. It is also different in form from that obtained by Iyer and Vishveshwara. The interesting observation is that the radius of a radiating star in higher dimensions oscillates. The radial size of radiating star oscillates with a period which depends on the modes of vibration and dimensions of the space-time.

astro-ph↗

The Origin of Stokes Shift in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

The mechanism of Stokes shift in semiconductor quantum dots is investigated by calculating the energy of the excitonic states. We have taken into account all possible contributions to the total electronic energy in the dot, i.e, dielectric mismatch between dot and surrounding medium, the effects of finite barrier height and electron-hole exchange interaction. The Stokes shift is calculated as a function of radius of dot and compared with experimental data on two different semiconductor based quantum dots. These results provide evidence for exchange splitting of excitonic states, as the mechanism of Stokes shift in quantum dot

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Dark and Bright Excitonic States in Nitride Quantum Dots

Formation of excitonic states in quantum dots of nitride based III-V semiconductors GaN and AlN including coulomb and exchange interactions are investigated. Dark exciton formation is found to occur for both GaN quantum dots(QDs) with wurtzite structure having positive crystal field splitting and GaN and AlN QDs with zero crystal field splitting with a transition from dark to bright exciton at about 40Å. In wurtzite AlN QDs with negative crystal field splitting the splitting between the dark and bright excitonic states is very small and vanishes at about 15Å.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Energy Levels in Spheroidal Quantum Dot

The effect of non-sphericity of the quantum dot on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions has been investigated for the case of both the finite and infinite barrier. The ground and excited state energies have been calculated for prolate and oblate spheroids as a function of eccentricity of the spheroid. The analytic wavefunctions giving the admixture of higher angular momentum states have been obtained as a function of eccentricity.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗