arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P. Kern.
We present the discovery of a tight M8V binary, with a separation of only 1.2 astronomical units, obtained with the PUEO and NACO adaptive optics systems, respectively at the CFHT and VLT telescopes. The estimated period of LP 349-25 is approximately 5 years, and this makes it an excellent candidate for a precise mass measurement.
We report the first spatially-resolved observations of the spectroscopic binaries lambda Vir and WR 140, which includes the debut of aperture-synthesis imaging with the upgraded three-telescope IOTA interferometer. Using IONIC-3, a new integrated optics beam combiner capable of precise closure phase measurement, short observations were sufficient to extract the angular separation and orientation of each binary system and the component brightness ratio. Most notably, the underlying binary in the prototypical colliding-wind source WR 140 (WC7 + O4/5) was found to have a separation of ~13 milli-arcseconds with a position angle consistent with the images of the 2001 dust shell ejection only if the Wolf-Rayet star is fainter than the O star at 1.65 microns. We also highlight lambda Vir whose peculiar stellar properties of the Am star components will permit direct testing of current theories of tidal evolution when the full orbit is determined.
We propose a new instrumental concept for long-baseline optical single-mode interferometry using integrated optics which were developed for telecommunication. Visible and infrared multi-aperture interferometry requires many optical functions (spatial filtering, beam combination, photometric calibration, polarization control) to detect astronomical signals at very high angular resolution. Since the 80's, integrated optics on planar substrate have become available for telecommunication applications with multiple optical functions like power dividing, coupling, multiplexing, etc. We present the concept of an optical / infrared interferometric instrument based on this new technology. The main advantage is to provide an interferometric combination unit on a single optical chip. Integrated optics are compact, provide stability, low sensitivity to external constrains like temperature, pressure or mechanical stresses, no optical alignment except for coupling, simplicity and intrinsic polarization control. The integrated optics devices are inexpensive compared to devices that have the same functionalities in bulk optics. We think integrated optics will fundamentally change single-mode interferometry. Integrated optics devices are in particular well-suited for interferometric combination of numerous beams to achieve aperture synthesis imaging or for space-based interferometers where stability and a minimum of optical alignments are wished.
We report first white-light interferograms obtained with an integrated optics beam combiner on a glass plate. These results demonstrate the feasability of single-mode interferometric beam combination with integrated optics technology presented and discussed in paper I. The demonstration is achieved in laboratory with off-the-shelves components coming from micro-sensor applications, not optimized for astronomical use. These two-telescope beam combiners made by ion exchange technique on glass substrate provide laboratory white-light interferograms simultaneously with photometric calibration. A dedicated interferometric workbench using optical fibers is set up to characterize these devices. Despite the rather low match of the component parameters to astronomical constraints, we obtain stable contrasts higher than 93% with a 1.54-\micron laser source and up to 78% with a white-light source in the astronomical H band. Global throughput of 27% for a potassium ion exchange beam combiner and of 43% for a silver one are reached. This work validates our approach for combining several stellar beams of a long baseline interferometer with integrated optics components.