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P. Marchegiani

Publications and source records attributed to P. Marchegiani.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Search for dark matter annihilation signals in the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey

The central region of the Milky Way is one of the foremost locations to look for dark matter (DM) signatures. We report the first results on a search for DM particle annihilation signals using new observations from an unprecedented gamma-ray survey of the Galactic Center (GC) region, ${\it i.e.}$, the Inner Galaxy Survey, at very high energies ($\gtrsim$ 100 GeV) performed with the H.E.S.S. array of five ground-based Cherenkov telescopes. No significant gamma-ray excess is found in the search region of the 2014-2020 dataset and a profile likelihood ratio analysis is carried out to set exclusion limits on the annihilation cross section $\langle σv\rangle$. Assuming Einasto and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) DM density profiles at the GC, these constraints are the strongest obtained so far in the TeV DM mass range. For the Einasto profile, the constraints reach $\langle σv\rangle$ values of $\rm 3.7\times10^{-26} cm^3s^{-1}$ for 1.5 TeV DM mass in the $W^+W^-$ annihilation channel, and $\rm 1.2 \times 10^{-26} cm^3s^{-1}$ for 0.7 TeV DM mass in the $τ^+τ^-$ annihilation channel. With the H.E.S.S. Inner Galaxy Survey, ground-based $γ$-ray observations thus probe $\langle σv\rangle$ values expected from thermal-relic annihilating TeV DM particles.

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Time-resolved hadronic particle acceleration in the recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi

Recurrent Novae are repeating thermonuclear explosions in the outer layers of white dwarfs, due to the accretion of fresh material from a binary companion. The shock generated by ejected material slamming into the companion star's wind, accelerates particles to very-high-energies. We report very-high-energy (VHE, $\gtrsim100$\,GeV) gamma rays from the recurrent nova RS\,Ophiuchi up to a month after its 2021 outburst, using the High Energy Stereoscopic System. The VHE emission has a similar temporal profile to lower-energy GeV emission, indicating a common origin, with a two-day delay in peak flux. These observations constrain models of time-dependent particle energization, favouring a hadronic emission scenario over the leptonic alternative. This confirms that shocks in dense winds provide favourable environments for efficient cosmic-ray acceleration to very-high-energies.

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A MeerKAT, e-MERLIN, H.E.S.S. and Swift search for persistent and transient emission associated with three localised FRBs

We report on a search for persistent radio emission from the one-off Fast Radio Burst (FRB) 20190714A, as well as from two repeating FRBs, 20190711A and 20171019A, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. For FRB 20171019A we also conducted simultaneous observations with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in very high energy gamma rays and searched for signals in the ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray bands. For this FRB, we obtain a UV flux upper limit of 1.39x10^-16 erg/cm^-2/s/Amstrong, X-ray limit of ~ 6.6x10^-14 erg/cm^-2/s and a limit on the very-high-energy gamma-ray flux (Phi) (E > 120 GeV) < 1.7 x 10^-12 erg/cm^-2/s. We obtain a radio upper limit of ~15 microJy/beam for persistent emission at the locations of both FRBs 20190711A and 20171019A, but detect diffuse radio emission with a peak brightness of ~53 microJy/beam associated with FRB 20190714A at z = 0.2365. This represents the first detection of the radio continuum emission potentially associated with the host (galaxy) of FRB 20190714A, and is only the third known FRB to have such an association. Given the possible association of a faint persistent source, FRB 20190714A may potentially be a repeating FRB whose age lies between that of FRB 20121102A and FRB 20180916A. A parallel search for repeat bursts from these FRBs revealed no new detections down to a fluence of 0.08 Jy ms for a 1 ms duration burst.

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H.E.S.S. follow-up observations of Binary Black Hole Coalescence events during the second and third Gravitational Waves observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

We report on the observations of four well-localized binary black hole (BBH) mergers by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) during the second and third observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, O2 and O3. H.E.S.S. can observe $\mathrm{20\,deg^2}$ of the sky at a time and follows up gravitational-wave (GW) events by ``tiling'' localization regions to maximize the covered localization probability. During O2 and O3, H.E.S.S. observed large portions of the localization regions, between 35\% and 75\%, for four BBH mergers (GW170814, GW190512\_180714, GW190728\_064510, and S200224ca). For these four GW events, we find no significant signal from a pointlike source in any of the observations, and set upper limits on the very high energy ($>$100 GeV) $γ$-ray emission. The 1-10 TeV isotropic luminosity of these GW events is below $10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$ at the times of the H.E.S.S. observations, around the level of the low-luminosity GRB 190829A. Assuming no changes are made to how follow-up observations are conducted, H.E.S.S. can expect to observe over 60 GW events per year in the fourth GW observing run, O4, of which eight would be observable with minimal latency.

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The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey I. Survey Overview and Highlights

MeerKAT's large number of antennas, spanning 8 km with a densely packed 1 km core, create a powerful instrument for wide-area surveys, with high sensitivity over a wide range of angular scales. The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS) is a programme of long-track MeerKAT L-band (900-1670 MHz) observations of 115 galaxy clusters, observed for $\sim$6-10 hours each in full polarisation. The first legacy product data release (DR1), made available with this paper, includes the MeerKAT visibilities, basic image cubes at $\sim$8" resolution, and enhanced spectral and polarisation image cubes at $\sim$8" and 15" resolutions. Typical sensitivities for the full-resolution MGCLS image products are $\sim$3-5 μJy/beam. The basic cubes are full-field and span 4 deg^2. The enhanced products consist of the inner 1.44 deg^2 field of view, corrected for the primary beam. The survey is fully sensitive to structures up to $\sim$10' scales and the wide bandwidth allows spectral and Faraday rotation mapping. HI mapping at 209 kHz resolution can be done at $0<z<0.09$ and $0.19<z<0.48$. In this paper, we provide an overview of the survey and DR1 products, including caveats for usage. We present some initial results from the survey, both for their intrinsic scientific value and to highlight the capabilities for further exploration with these data. These include a primary beam-corrected compact source catalogue of $\sim$626,000 sources for the full survey, and an optical/infrared cross-matched catalogue for compact sources in Abell 209 and Abell S295. We examine dust unbiased star-formation rates as a function of clustercentric radius in Abell 209 and present a catalogue of 99 diffuse cluster sources (56 are new), some of which have no suitable characterisation. We also highlight some of the radio galaxies which challenge current paradigms and present first results from HI studies of four targets.

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Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters cavities: thermal or non-thermal origin?

Several galaxy clusters host X-ray cavities, often filled with relativistic electrons emitting in the radio band. In the cluster MS 0735.6+7421 the cavities have been detected through the Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, but it has not been possible to determine if this effect is thermal (produced by a very high temperature gas filling the cavity) or non-thermal (produced by the relativistic electrons that produce the diffuse radio emission detected in the cavity). In this paper we discuss the role of the density of the high temperature gas inside the cavities in determining whether the dominant SZ effect is the thermal or the non-thermal one, and how it can be possible to distinguish between the two possibilities, discussing the role of observations at higher energy bands.

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Thermal and non-thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the cavities of the galaxy cluster MS 0735.6+7421: the role of the thermal density in the cavity

The galaxy cluster MS 0735.6+7421 hosts two large X-ray cavities, filled with radio emission, where a decrease of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect has been detected, without establishing if its origin is thermal (from a gas with very high temperature) or non-thermal. In this paper we study how thermal and non-thermal contributions to the SZ effect in the cavities are related; in fact, Coulomb interactions with the thermal gas modify the spectrum of low energy non-thermal electrons, which dominate the non-thermal SZ effect; as a consequence, the intensity of the non-thermal SZ effect is stronger for lower density of the thermal gas inside the cavity. We calculate the non-thermal SZ effect in the cavities as a function of the thermal density, and compare the SZ effects produced by thermal and non-thermal components, and with the one from the external Intra Cluster Medium (ICM), searching for the best frequency range where it is possible to disentangle the different contributions. We find that for temperatures inside the cavities higher than $\sim1500$ keV the non-thermal SZ effect is expected to dominate on the thermal one, particularly at high frequencies ($ν>500$ GHz), where it can also be a non-negligible fraction of the SZ effect from the external ICM. We also discuss the possible sources of astrophysical bias (as kinetic SZ effect and foreground emission from Galactic dust) and possible ways to address them, as well as necessary improvements in the modeling of the properties of cavities and the ICM.

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Effect of turbulent reacceleration on electrons produced by dark matter annihilation in the Coma cluster

In this paper we study the effect of reacceleration provided by turbulences on electrons produced by dark matter (DM) annihilation in the Coma cluster. We use a simplified phenomenological model to describe the effect of the turbulences, and explore a limited subset of three possible DM models for neutralino particles with different mass and annihilation channel. We find that, for values of the annihilation cross section of the order of the upper limits found with Fermi-LAT measurements in astrophysical objects, and for conservative values of the boosting factor due to DM substructures, the reacceleration due to turbulences can enhance the radio emission produced by DM-originated electrons up to the level of the observed flux of the radio halo in Coma, for moderate reacceleration intensity in relatively short times. Therefore we conclude that, even if it is not possible to distinguish between the fits obtained in this paper because of the scattering present in the radio flux data, the electrons produced by DM annihilation can be possible seed electrons for the reacceleration, as well as secondary electrons of hadronic origin. A possible discriminant between these two classes of models is the flux produced in the gamma ray band, that in the case of DM-originated electrons should be more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the present Fermi-LAT upper limits, whereas in the hadronic case the expected gamma ray flux should be close to the value of present upper limits.

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Probing the low-energy spectrum of non-thermal electrons in galaxy clusters with soft gamma ray observations

In this paper we study the possibility of probing the low-energy part of the spectrum of non-thermal electrons in galaxy clusters by detecting their non-thermal bremsstrahlung (NTB) emission in the soft gamma ray band, using instruments like e-ASTROGAM. Using the Coma cluster as a reference case, we find that, for very low values of the minimum energy of the electrons, in principle the NTB is detectable, but this situation is possible only for conditions that can be maintained only for a short time compared to the cluster lifetime. The possibility of constraining the low energy spectrum of non-thermal electrons through NTB is therefore hard to achieve in next years.

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The role of Dark Matter annihilation in the radio emission of the galaxy cluster A520

A520 is a hot and luminous galaxy cluster, where gravitational lensing and X-ray measures reveal a different spatial distribution of baryonic and Dark Matter. This cluster hosts a radio halo, whose map shows a separation between the North-East and the South-West part of the cluster, similarly to what is observed in gravitational lensing maps. In this paper we study the possibility that the diffuse radio emission in this cluster is produced by Dark Matter annihilation. We find that in the whole cluster the radio emission should be dominated by baryonic phenomena; if a contribution from Dark Matter is present, it should be searched in a region in the NE part of the cluster, where a peak of the radio emission is located close to a Dark Matter sub-halo, in a region where the X-ray emission is not very strong. By estimating the radio spectrum integrated in this region using data from publicly available surveys, we find that this spectrum can be reproduced by a Dark Matter model for a neutralino with mass 43 GeV and annihilation final state $b \bar b$ for a magnetic field of 5 $μ$G.

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The correlation between radio power and Mach number for radio relics in galaxy clusters

We discuss a new technique to constrain models for the origin of radio relics in galaxy clusters using the correlation between the shock Mach number and the radio power of relics. This analysis is carried out using a sample of relics with information on both the Mach numbers derived from X-ray observation, $\mathcal{M}_X$, and using spectral information from radio observations of the peak and the average values of the spectral index along the relic, $\mathcal{M}_R$. We find that there is a lack of correlation between $\mathcal{M}_X$ and $\mathcal{M}_R$; this result is an indication that the spectral index of the relic is likely not due to the acceleration of particles operated by the shock but it is related to the properties of a fossil electrons population. We also find that the available data on the correlation between the radio power $P_{1.4}$ and Mach numbers ($\mathcal{M}_R$ and $\mathcal{M}_X$) in relics indicate that neither the DSA nor the adiabatic compression can simply reproduce the observed $P_{1.4}-\mathcal{M}$ correlations. Furthermore, we find that the radio power is not correlated with $\mathcal{M}_X$, whereas it is not possible to exclude a correlation with $\mathcal{M}_R$. This also indicates that the relic power is mainly determined by the properties of a fossil electron population rather than by the properties of the shock. Our results require either to consider models of shock (re)acceleration that go beyond the proposed scenarios of DSA and adiabatic compression at shocks, or to reconsider the origin of radio relics in terms of other physical scenarios.

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Effect of the non-thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect on the temperature determination of galaxy clusters

A recent stacking analysis of Planck HFI data of galaxy clusters (Hurier 2016) allowed to derive the cluster temperatures by using the relativistic corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE). However, the temperatures of high-temperature clusters, as derived from this analysis, resulted to be basically higher than the temperatures derived from X-ray measurements, at a moderate statistical significance of $1.5σ$. This discrepancy has been attributed by Hurier (2016) to calibration issues. In this paper we discuss an alternative explanation for this discrepancy in terms of a non-thermal SZE astrophysical component. We find that this explanation can work if non-thermal electrons in galaxy clusters have a low value of their minimum momentum ($p_1\sim0.5-1$), and if their pressure is of the order of $20-30\%$ of the thermal gas pressure. Both these conditions are hard to obtain if the non-thermal electrons are mixed with the hot gas in the intra cluster medium, but can be possibly obtained if the non-thermal electrons are mainly confined in bubbles with high content of non-thermal plasma and low content of thermal plasma, or in giant radio lobes/relics located in the outskirts of clusters. In order to derive more precise results on the properties of non-thermal electrons in clusters, and in view of more solid detections of a discrepancy between X-rays and SZE derived clusters temperatures that cannot be explained in other ways, it would be necessary to reproduce the full analysis done by Hurier (2016) by adding systematically the non-thermal component of the SZE.

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The role of Dark Matter sub-halos in the non-thermal emission of galaxy clusters

Annihilation of Dark Matter (DM) particles has been recognized as one of the possible mechanisms for the production of non-thermal particles and radiation in galaxy clusters. Previous studies have shown that, while DM models can reproduce the spectral properties of the radio halo in the Coma cluster, they fail in reproducing the shape of the radio halo surface brightness because they produce a shape that is too concentrated towards the center of the cluster with respect to the observed one. However, in previous studies the DM distribution was modeled as a single spherically symmetric halo, while the DM distribution in Coma is found to have a complex and elongated shape. In this work we calculate a range of non-thermal emissions in the Coma cluster by using the observed distribution of DM sub-halos. We find that, by including the observed sub-halos in the DM model, we obtain a radio surface brightness with a shape similar to the observed one, and that the sub-halos boost the radio emission by a factor between 5 and 20%, thus allowing to reduce the gap between the annihilation cross section required to reproduce the radio halo flux and the upper limits derived from other observations, and that this gap can be explained by realistic values of the boosting factor due to smaller substructures. Models with neutralino mass of 9 GeV and composition $τ^+ τ^-$, and mass of 43 GeV and composition $b \bar b$ can fit the radio halo spectrum using the observed properties of the magnetic field in Coma, and do not predict a gamma-ray emission in excess compared to the recent Fermi-LAT upper limits. These findings make these DM models viable candidate to explain the origin of radio halos in galaxy clusters. [abridged]

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Probing the physics and history of cosmic reionization with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

We study here an alternative technique to probe the Dark Ages (DA) and the Epoch of Reonization (EoR) that makes use of the Comptonization of the CMB spectrum modified by physical effects occurring during this epoch related to the emergence of the 21-cm radiation background. Inverse Compton scattering of 21-cm photon background by thermal and non-thermal electrons residing in the atmospheres of cosmic structures like galaxy clusters, radiogalaxy lobes and galaxy halos, produces a specific form of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) that we refer to as SZE-21cm. We derive the SZE-21cm in a general relativistic approach which is required to describe the correct spectral features of this astrophysical effect. We calculate the spectral features of the thermal and non-thermal SZE-21cm in galaxy clusters and in radiogalaxy lobes, and their dependence on the history of physical mechanisms occurring during the DA and EoR. We study how the spectral shape of the SZE-21cm can be used to establish the global features in the mean 21-cm spectrum generated during and prior to the EoR, and how it depends on the properties of the (thermal and non-thermal) plasma in cosmic structures. We find that the thermal and non-thermal SZE-21cm have peculiar spectral shapes that allow to investigate the physics and history of the EoR and DA. Its spectrum depends on the gas temperature (for the thermal SZE-21cm) and on the electrons minimum momentum (for the non-thermal SZE-21cm). The global SZE-21cm signal can be detected (in $\sim 1000$ hrs) by SKA1-low in the frequency range $ν\simgt 75-90$ MHz, for clusters in the temperature range 5 to 20 keV, and the difference between the SZE-21cm and the standard SZE can be detected by SKA1 or SKA2 at frequencies depending on the background model and the cluster temperature. [abridged]

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Polarization of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect: relativistic imprint of thermal and non-thermal plasma

[Abridged] Inverse Compton scattering of CMB fluctuations off cosmic electron plasma generates a polarization of the associated Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. This signal has been studied so far mostly in the non-relativistic regime and for a thermal electron population and, as such, has limited astrophysical applications. Partial attempts to extend this calculation for a thermal electron plasma in the relativistic regime have been done but cannot be applied to a general relativistic electron distribution. Here we derive a general form of the SZ effect polarization valid in the full relativistic approach for both thermal and non-thermal electron plasmas, as well as for a generic combination of various electron population co-spatially distributed in the environments of galaxy clusters or radiogalaxy lobes. We derive the spectral shape of the Stokes parameters induced by the IC scattering of every CMB multipole, focusing on the CMB quadrupole and octupole that provide the largest detectable signals in galaxy clusters. We found that the CMB quadrupole induced Stoke parameter Q is always positive with a maximum amplitude at 216 GHz which increases slightly with increasing cluster temperature. The CMB octupole induced Q spectrum shows, instead, a cross-over frequency which depends on the cluster electron temperature, or on the minimum momentum p_1 as well as on the power-law spectral index of a non-thermal electron population. We discuss some possibilities to disentangle the quadrupole-induced Q spectrum from the octupole-induced one which allow to measure these quantities through the SZ effect polarization. We finally apply our model to the realistic case of the Bullet cluster and derive the visibility windows of the total, quandrupole-induced and octupole-induced Stoke parameter Q in the frequency ranges accessible to SKA, ALMA, MILLIMETRON and CORE++ experiments.

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Discovery of a suspected giant radio galaxy with the KAT-7 array

We detect a new suspected giant radio galaxy (GRG) discovered by KAT-7. The GRG core is identified with the WISE source J013313.50-130330.5, an extragalactic source based on its infrared colors and consistent with a misaligned AGN-type spectrum at $z\approx 0.3$. The multi-$ν$ spectral energy distribution (SED) of the object associated to the GRG core shows a synchrotron peak at $ν\approx 10^{14}$ Hz consistent with the SED of a radio galaxy blazar-like core. The angular size of the lobes are $\sim 4 ^{\prime}$ for the NW lobe and $\sim 1.2 ^{\prime}$ for the SE lobe, corresponding to projected linear distances of $\sim 1078$ kpc and $\sim 324$ kpc, respectively. The best-fit parameters for the SED of the GRG core and the value of jet boosting parameter $δ=2$, indicate that the GRG jet has maximum inclination $θ\approx 30$ deg with respect to the line of sight, a value obtained for $δ=Γ$, while the minimum value of $θ$ is not constrained due to the degeneracy existing with the value of Lorentz factor $Γ$. Given the photometric redshift $z \approx 0.3$, this GRG shows a core luminosity of $P_{1.4 GHz} \approx 5.52 \times 10^{24}$ W Hz$^{-1}$, and a luminosity $P_{1.4 GHz} \approx 1.29 \times 10^{25}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ for the NW lobe and $P_{1.4 GHz} \approx 0.46 \times 10^{25}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ for the SE lobe, consistent with the typical GRG luminosities. The radio lobes show a fractional linear polarization $\approx 9 \%$ consistent with typical values found in other GRG lobes.

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Is the radio emission in the Bullet cluster due to Dark Matter annihilation?

We study the complex structure of the Bullet cluster radio halo to determine the Dark Matter (DM) contribution to the emission observed in the different subhalos corresponding to the DM and baryonic dominated regions. We use different non-thermal models to study the different regions, and we compare our results with the available observations in the radio, X-ray and gamma-ray bands, and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect data. We find that the radio emission coming from the main DM subhalo can be produced by secondary electrons produced by DM annihilations. In this scenario there are however some open issues, like the difficulty to explain the observed flux at 8.8 GHz, the high value of the required annihilation cross section, and the lack of observed emission coming from the minor DM subhalo. We also find that part of the radio emission originated by DM annihilation could be associated with a slightly extended radio source present near the main DM subhalo. Regarding the baryonic subhalos, the radio measurements do not allow to discriminate between a primary or secondary origin of the electrons, while the SZ effect data point towards a primary origin for the non-thermal electrons in the Main Subcluster. We conclude that in order to better constrain the properties of the DM subhalos, it is important to perform detailed measurements of the radio emission in the regions where the DM halos have their peaks, and that the separation of the complex radio halo in different subhalos is a promising technique to understand the properties of each specific subhalo.

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Evolution of Dark Matter Halos and their Radio Emissions

Radio synchrotron emission is expected as a natural by-product of the self-annihilation of super-symmetric dark matter particles. In this work we discuss the general properties of the radio emission expected in a wide range of dark matter halos, from local dwarf spheroidal galaxies to large and distant galaxy clusters with the aim to determine the neutralino dark matter detection prospects of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). The analysis of the SKA detection of dark matter(DM)-induced radio emission is presented for structures spanning a wide range of masses and redshifts, and we also analyze the limits that the SKA can set on the thermally averaged neutralino annihilation cross-section in the event of non-detection. To this aim, we construct a model of the redshift evolution of the radio emissions of dark matter halos and apply it to generate predicted fluxes from a range of neutralino masses and annihilation channels for the dark matter halos surrounding dwarf galaxies, galaxies and galaxy clusters. Using the available SKA performance predictions and its ability to determine an independent measure of the magnetic field in cosmic structures, we explore both the detailed detection prospects and the upper-bounds that might be placed on the neutralino annihilation cross-section in the event of non-detection. We find that the SKA can access a neutralino parameter space far larger than that of any preceding indirect-detection experiment, also improving on the realistic CTA detection prospects, with the possibility of setting cross-section upper-bounds up to four orders of magnitude below the thermal relic density bound. Additionally, we find that neutralino radio emissions carry redshift-independent signatures of the dominant annihilation channel and of neutralino mass, offering therefore a means to identify such non-thermal emissions within the observing frequency range of the SKA.

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