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P. Moller

Publications and source records attributed to P. Moller.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Clustering of galaxies at faint magnitudes

Significant uncertainties exist in the measured amplitude of the angular two-point correlation function of galaxies at magnitudes $I\approx26$ and fainter. Published results from HST and ground-based galaxy catalogs seem to differ by as much as a factor of 3, and it is not clear whether the correlation amplitude as a function of magnitude increases or decreases in the faintest magnitude bins. In order to clarify the situation, we present new results from both ground-based and HST galaxy catalogs. The angular two-point correlation function as a function of limiting R and I magnitudes was computed from a galaxy catalog created from the Hubble Deep Field - South (HDF-S) WFPC2 image. The measured amplitudes of the correlation at an angular separation of 1 arcsec are consistent with those measured in the Northern counter part of the field. The flanking fields (FF fields) of the Hubble deep fields were used to extend the magnitude range for which we compute correlation amplitudes towards brighter magnitude bins. This allows easier comparison of the amplitudes to ground based data. The newly measured correlation amplitudes as a function of magnitude limit were compared to previously published measurements at larger separations. For this comparison, the correlation function was approximated by a power law with an index of 0.8. The scatter in the correlation amplitudes is too large to be explained by random errors. We argue that the most likely cause is the assumption that the shape of the correlation function does not depend on the magnitude limit.

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The Gas Reservoir for present day Galaxies : Damped Ly-alpha Absorption Systems

We present results from an ongoing search for galaxy counterparts of a subgroup of Quasar Absorption Line Systems called Damped Ly-alpha Absorbers (DLAs). DLAs have several characteristics that make them essential in the process of understanding how galaxies formed in the early universe and evolved to the galaxies we see today in the local universe. Finally we compare DLAs with recent findings of a population of starforming galaxies at high redshifts, so called Lyman-break galaxies.

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Finding typical high redshift galaxies with the NOT

We present results from an ongoing search for galaxy counterparts of a subgroup of Quasar Absorption Line Systems called Damped Ly-alpha Absorbers (DLAs). DLAs have several characteristics that make them prime candidates for being the progenitors of typical present day galaxies.

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Ly-alpha Emission from a Lyman Limit Absorber at z=3.036

Deep, 17.8 hours, narrow band imaging obtained at the ESO 3.5m New Technology Telescope has revealed extended (galaxy sized) Ly-alpha emission from a high redshift Lyman limit absorber. The absorber is a z(abs) approx. z(em) Lyman limit absorber seen in the spectrum of Q1205-30 at z(em)=3.036. The Ly-alpha luminosity of the emission line object is 12-14 x 10e41 h^-2 erg/s for Omega(matter)=1. The size and morphology of the Ly-alpha emitter are both near--identical to those of a previously reported emission line object associated with a DLA at z=1.934 (Fynbo et al. 1999a), suggesting a close connection between Lyman limit absorbers and DLAs. We also detect six candidate Ly-alpha emitting galaxies in the surrounding field at projected distances of 156-444 h^-1 kpc with Ly-alpha luminosities ranging from 3.3 to 9.5 x 10e41 h^-2 erg/s for Omega(matter)=1. Assuming no obscuration of Ly-alpha photons by dust this corresponds to star formation rates in the range 0.3-0.9 h^-2 M(sun)/yr. Comparing this to the the Lyman break galaxies in current ground based samples only make up the very bright end of the high redshift galaxy luminosity function. A significant, and possibly dominating, population of high redshift galaxies are not found in the ground based Lyman break surveys.

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A VLT colour image of the optical Einstein ring 0047-2808

The optical Einstein ring 0047-2808 was imaged by the VLT UT1 during the science verification programme. The ring is the image of a high-redshift z=3.595 star-forming galaxy, with strong Ly-alpha emission at 5589A, gravitationally lensed by a massive early-type galaxy at z=0.485. Relative to earlier NTT data the high signal-to-noise ratio of the VLT Ly-alpha narrow-band image allows much improved constraints to be placed on the surface-brightness profile of the source and on the mass, leading to a measured mass-to-light ratio of M/L(B)~13h for the deflector galaxy. We have combined the VLT B-band and Ly-alpha narrow-band images with a K-band image obtained at UKIRT to produce a deep colour image of the system.

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Extended Ly-alpha emission from a damped Ly-alpha absorber at z = 1.93, and the relation between DLAs and Lyman-break galaxies

The number of damped Ly-alpha absorbers (DLAs) currently known is about 100, but our knowledge of their sizes and morphologies is still very sparse as very few have been detected in emission. Here we present narrow-band and broad-band observations of a DLA in the field of the quasar pair Q0151+048A (qA) and Q0151+048B (qB). These two quasars have very similar redshifts z_em = 1.922, 1.937, respectively, and an angular separation of 3.27 arcsec. The spectrum of qA contains a DLA at z_abs = 1.9342 (close to the emission redshift) which shows an emission line in the trough, detected at 4 sigma. Our narrow-band image confirms this detection and we find Ly-alpha emission from an extended area covering 6x3 arcsec^2, corresponding to 25x12h^-2 kpc^2 (q0=0.5, H0 = 100h km s^-1). The total Ly-alpha luminosity from the DLA is 1.2 x 10^43 h^-2 erg s^-1, which is a factor of several higher than the Ly-alpha luminosity found from other DLAs. The narrow-band image also indicates that qB is not covered by the DLA. This fact, together with the large equivalent width of the emission line from the Ly-alpha cloud, the large luminosity, and the 300 km s^-1 blueshift relative to the DLA, can plausibly be explained if qB is the sourceof a Lyman-limit system. We also consider the relation between DLAs and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). If DLAs are gaseous disks surrounding LBGs, and if the apparent brightnesses and impact parameters of the few identified DLAs are representative of the brighter members of the population, then the luminosity distribution of DLAs is nearly flat, and we would expect that some 70% of the galaxy counterparts to DLAs at z=3 are fainter than m_R=28.

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Dependence of direct neutron capture on nuclear-structure models

The prediction of cross sections for nuclei far off stability is crucial in the field of nuclear astrophysics. We calculate direct neutron capture on the even-even isotopes $^{124-145}$Sn and $^{208-238}$Pb with energy levels, masses, and nuclear density distributions taken from different nuclear-structure models. The utilized structure models are a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model, a relativistic mean field theory, and a macroscopic-microscopic model based on the finite-range droplet model and a folded-Yukawa single-particle potential. Due to the differences in the resulting neutron separation and level energies, the investigated models yield capture cross sections sometimes differing by orders of magnitude. This may also lead to differences in the predicted astrophysical r-process paths. Astrophysical implications are discussed.

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Microscopic Enhancement of Heavy-Element Production

Realistic fusion barriers are calculated in a macroscopic-microscopic model for several soft-fusion heavy-ion reactions leading to heavy and superheavy elements. The results obtained in such a realistic picture are very different from those obtained in a purely macroscopic model. For reactions on 208:Pb targets, shell effects in the entrance channel result in fusion-barrier energies at the touching point that are only a few MeV higher than the ground state for compound systems near Z = 110. The entrance-channel fragment-shell effects remain far inside the touching point, almost to configurations only slightly more elongated than the ground-state configuration, where the fusion barrier has risen to about 10 MeV above the ground-state energy. Calculated single-particle level diagrams show that few level crossings occur until the peak in the fusion barrier very close to the ground-state shape is reached, which indicates that dissipation is negligible until very late in the fusion process. Whereas the fission valley in a macroscopic picture is several tens of MeV lower in energy than is the fusion valley, we find in the macroscopic-microscopic picture that the fission valley is only about 5 MeV lower than the fusion valley for soft-fusion reactions leading to compound systems near Z = 110. These results show that no significant ``extra-extra-push'' energy is needed to bring the system inside the fission saddle point and that the typical reaction energies for maximum cross section in heavy-element synthesis correspond to only a few MeV above the maximum in the fusion barrier.

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Nuclear Properties for Astrophysical Applications

We tabulate the ground-state odd-proton and odd-neutron spins and parities, proton and neutron pairing gaps, binding energy, one- and two-neutron separation energies, quantities related to beta-delayed one- and two-neutron emission probabilities, beta-decay energy release and half-life with respect to Gamow-Teller decay, one- and two-proton separation energies, and alpha-decay energy release and half-life for 8979 nuclei ranging from oxygen-16 to Z = 136, A = 339 and extending from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line. Single-particle level diagrams and other quantities are also presented in graphical form. The starting point of our present work is a study of nuclear ground-state masses and deformations based on the finite-range droplet model and folded-Yukawa single-particle potential published in a previous issue of Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. The beta-delayed neutron-emission probabilities and Gamow-Teller beta-decay rates are obtained from a quasi-particle random-phase approximation with single-particle levels and wave functions at the calculated nuclear ground-state shapes as input quantities.

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