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P. R. Stinga

Publications and source records attributed to P. R. Stinga.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2018

Nonlocal discrete diffusion equations and the fractional discrete Laplacian, regularity and applications

The analysis of nonlocal discrete equations driven by fractional powers of the discrete Laplacian on a mesh of size $h>0$ \[ (-Δ_h)^su=f, \] for $u,f:\mathbb{Z}_h\to\mathbb{R}$, $0<s<1$, is performed. The pointwise nonlocal formula for $(-Δ_h)^su$ and the nonlocal discrete mean value property for discrete $s$-harmonic functions are obtained. We observe that a characterization of $(-Δ_h)^s$ as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for a semidiscrete degenerate elliptic local extension problem is valid. Regularity properties and Schauder estimates in discrete Hölder spaces as well as existence and uniqueness of solutions to the nonlocal Dirichlet problem are shown. For the latter, the fractional discrete Sobolev embedding and the fractional discrete Poincaré inequality are proved, which are of independent interest. We introduce the negative power (fundamental solution) \[ u=(-Δ_h)^{-s}f, \] which can be seen as the Neumann-to-Dirichlet map for the semidiscrete extension problem. We then prove the discrete Hardy--Littlewood--Sobolev inequality for $(-Δ_h)^{-s}$. As applications, the convergence of our fractional discrete Laplacian to the (continuous) fractional Laplacian as $h\to0$ in Hölder spaces is analyzed. Indeed, uniform estimates for the error of the approximation in terms of $h$ under minimal regularity assumptions are obtained. We finally prove that solutions to the Poisson problem for the fractional Laplacian \[ (-Δ)^sU=F, \] in $\mathbb{R}$, can be approximated by solutions to the Dirichlet problem for our fractional discrete Laplacian, with explicit uniform error estimates in terms of~$h$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2018

The fractional nonlocal Ornstein--Uhlenbeck equation, Gaussian symmetrization and regularity

For $0<s<1$, we consider the Dirichlet problem for the fractional nonlocal Ornstein--Uhlenbeck equation $$\begin{cases} (-Δ+x\cdot\nabla)^su=f&\hbox{in}~Ω\\ u=0&\hbox{on}~\partialΩ, \end{cases}$$ where $Ω$ is a possibly unbounded open subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq2$. The appropriate functional settings for this nonlocal equation and its corresponding extension problem are developed. We apply Gaussian symmetrization techniques to derive a concentration comparison estimate for solutions. As consequences, novel $L^p$ and $L^p(\log L)^α$ regularity estimates in terms of the datum $f$ are obtained by comparing $u$ with half-space solutions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

Fractional elliptic equations, Caccioppoli estimates and regularity

Let $L=-\operatorname{div}_x(A(x)\nabla_x)$ be a uniformly elliptic operator in divergence form in a bounded domain $Ω$. We consider the fractional nonlocal equations $$\begin{cases} L^su=f,&\hbox{in}~Ω,\\ u=0,&\hbox{on}~\partialΩ, \end{cases}\quad \hbox{and}\quad \begin{cases} L^su=f,&\hbox{in}~Ω,\\ \partial_Au=0,&\hbox{on}~\partialΩ. \end{cases}$$ Here $L^s$, $0<s<1$, is the fractional power of $L$ and $\partial_Au$ is the conormal derivative of $u$ with respect to the coefficients $A(x)$. We reproduce Caccioppoli type estimates that allow us to develop the regularity theory. Indeed, we prove interior and boundary Schauder regularity estimates depending on the smoothness of the coefficients $A(x)$, the right hand side $f$ and the boundary of the domain. Moreover, we establish estimates for fundamental solutions in the spirit of the classical result by Littman--Stampacchia--Weinberger and we obtain nonlocal integro-differential formulas for $L^su(x)$. Essential tools in the analysis are the semigroup language approach and the extension problem.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

Regularity theory and extension problem for fractional nonlocal parabolic equations and the master equation

We develop the regularity theory for solutions to space-time nonlocal equations driven by fractional powers of the heat operator $$(\partial_t-Δ)^su(t,x)=f(t,x),\quad\hbox{for}~0<s<1.$$ This nonlocal equation of order $s$ in time and $2s$ in space arises in Nonlinear Elasticity, Semipermeable Membranes, Continuous Time Random Walks and Mathematical Biology. It plays for space-time nonlocal equations like the generalized master equation the same role as the fractional Laplacian for nonlocal in space equations. We obtain a pointwise integro-differential formula for $(\partial_t-Δ)^su(t,x)$ and parabolic maximum principles. A novel extension problem to characterize this nonlocal equation with a local degenerate parabolic equation is proved. We show parabolic interior and boundary Harnack inequalities, and an Almgrem-type monotonicity formula. Hölder and Schauder estimates for the space-time Poisson problem are deduced using a new characterization of parabolic Hölder spaces. Our methods involve the \textit{parabolic language of semigroups} and the Cauchy Integral Theorem, which are original to define the fractional powers of $\partial_t-Δ$. Though we mainly focus in the equation $(\partial_t-Δ)^su=f$, applications of our ideas to variable coefficients, discrete Laplacians and Riemannian manifolds are stressed out.

math.AP↗
arXiv2017

On weighted mixed-norm Sobolev estimates for some basic parabolic equations

Novel global weighted parabolic Sobolev estimates, weighted mixed-norm estimates and a.e. convergence results of singular integrals for evolution equations are obtained. Our results include the classical heat equation, the harmonic oscillator evolution equation $$\partial_tu=Δu-|x|^2u+f,$$ and their corresponding Cauchy problems. We also show weighted mixed-norm estimates for solutions to degenerate parabolic extension problems arising in connection with the fractional space-time nonlocal equations $(\partial_t-Δ)^su=f$ and $(\partial_t-Δ+|x|^2)^su=f$, for $0<s<1$.

math.AP↗
arXiv2016

Fractional semilinear Neumann problems arising from a fractional Keller--Segel model

We consider the following fractional semilinear Neumann problem on a smooth bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq2$, $$\begin{cases} (-\varepsilonΔ)^{1/2}u+u=u^{p},&\hbox{in}~Ω,\\ \partial_νu=0,&\hbox{on}~\partialΩ,\\ u>0,&\hbox{in}~Ω, \end{cases}$$ where $\varepsilon>0$ and $1<p<(n+1)/(n-1)$. This is the fractional version of the semilinear Neumann problem studied by Lin--Ni--Takagi in the late 80's. The problem arises by considering steady states of the Keller--Segel model with nonlocal chemical concentration diffusion. Using the semigroup language for the extension method and variational techniques, we prove existence of nonconstant smooth solutions for small $\varepsilon$, which are obtained by minimizing a suitable energy functional. In the case of large $\varepsilon$ we obtain nonexistence of nonconstant solutions. It is also shown that as $\varepsilon\to0$ the solutions $u_\varepsilon$ tend to zero in measure on $Ω$, while they form spikes in $\overlineΩ$. The regularity estimates of the fractional Neumann Laplacian that we develop here are essential for the analysis. The latter results are of independent interest.

math.AP↗
arXiv2015

Maximum principles, extension problem and inversion for nonlocal one-sided equations

We study one-sided nonlocal equations of the form $$\int_{x_0}^\infty\frac{u(x)-u(x_0)}{(x-x_0)^{1+α}} dx=f(x_0),$$ on the real line. Notice that to compute this nonlocal operator of order $0<α<1$ at a point $x_0$ we need to know the values of $u(x)$ to the right of $x_0$, that is, for $x\geq x_0$. We show that the operator above corresponds to a fractional power of a one-sided first order derivative. Maximum principles and a characterization with an extension problem in the spirit of Caffarelli--Silvestre and Stinga--Torrea are proved. It is also shown that these fractional equations can be solved in the general setting of weighted one-sided spaces. In this regard we present suitable inversion results. Along the way we are able to unify and clarify several notions of fractional derivatives found in the literature.

math.AP↗
arXiv2015

Riesz transforms on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one

In this paper we prove mixed norm estimates for Riesz transforms related to Laplace--Beltrami operators on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one. These operators are closely related to the Riesz transforms for Jacobi polynomials expansions. The key point is to obtain sharp estimates for the kernel of the Jacobi--Riesz transforms with uniform control on the parameters, together with an adaptation of Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem. The latter results are of independent interest.

math.CA↗
arXiv2015

Fractional discrete Laplacian versus discretized fractional Laplacian

We define and study some properties of the fractional powers of the discrete Laplacian $$(-Δ_h)^s,\quad\hbox{on}~\mathbb{Z}_h = h\mathbb{Z},$$ for $h>0$ and $0<s<1$. A comparison between our fractional discrete Laplacian and the \textit{discretized} continuous fractional Laplacian as $h\to0$ is carried out. We get estimates in $\ell^\infty$ for the error of the approximation in terms of $h$ under minimal regularity assumptions. Moreover, we provide a pointwise formula with an explicit kernel and deduce Hölder estimates for $(-Δ_h)^s$. A study of the negative powers (or discrete fractional integral) $(-Δ_h)^{-s}$ is also sketched. Our analysis is mainly performed in dimension one. Nevertheless, we show certain asymptotic estimates for the kernel in dimension two that can be extended to higher dimensions. Some examples are plotted to illustrate the comparison in both one and two dimensions.

math.AP↗
arXiv2015

Fractional Laplacian on the torus

We study the fractional Laplacian $(-Δ)^{σ/2}$ on the $n$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, $n\geq1$. First, we present a general extension problem that describes \textit{any} fractional power $L^γ$, $γ>0$, where $L$ is a general nonnegative selfadjoint operator defined in an $L^2$-space. This generalizes to all $γ>0$ and to a large class of operators the previous known results by Caffarelli and Silvestre. In particular it applies to the fractional Laplacian on the torus. The extension problem is used to prove interior and boundary Harnack's inequalities for $(-Δ)^{σ/2}$, when $0<σ<2$. We deduce regularity estimates on Hölder, Lipschitz and Zygmund spaces. Finally, we obtain the pointwise integro-differential formula for the operator. Our method is based on the semigroup language approach.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

Transference of fractional Laplacian regularity

In this note we show how to obtain regularity estimates for the fractional Laplacian on the multidimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$ from the fractional Laplacian on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Though at first glance this may seem quite natural, it must be carefully precised. A reason for that is the simple fact that $L^2$ functions on the torus can not be identified with $L^2$ functions on $\mathbb{R}^n$. The transference is achieved through a formula that holds in the distributional sense. Such an identity allows us to transfer Harnack inequalities, to relate the extension problems, and to obtain pointwise formulas and Hölder regularity estimates.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

The fractional Bessel equation in Hölder spaces

Motivated by the Poisson equation for the fractional Laplacian on the whole space with radial right hand side, we study global Hölder and Schauder estimates for a fractional Bessel equation. Our methods stand on the so-called semigroup language. Indeed, by using the solution to the Bessel heat equation we derive pointwise formulas for the fractional operators. Appropriate Hölder spaces, which can be seen as Campanato-type spaces, are characterized through Bessel harmonic extensions and fractional Carleson measures. From here the regularity estimates for the fractional Bessel equations follow. In particular, we obtain regularity estimates for radial solutions to the fractional Laplacian.

math.AP↗
arXiv2014

Hardy spaces for Fourier--Bessel expansions

We study Hardy spaces for Fourier--Bessel expansions associated with Bessel operators on $((0,1), x^{2ν+1}\, dx)$ and $((0,1), dx)$. We define Hardy spaces $H^1$ as the sets of $L^1$-functions for which their maximal functions for the corresponding Poisson semigroups belong to $L^1$. Atomic characterizations are obtained.

math.CA↗
arXiv2013

Extension problem and fractional operators: semigroups and wave equations

We extend results of Caffarelli--Silvestre and Stinga--Torrea regarding a characterization of fractional powers of differential operators via an extension problem. Our results apply to generators of integrated families of operators, in particular to infinitesimal generators of bounded $C_0$ semigroups and operators with purely imaginary symbol. We give integral representations to the extension problem in terms of solutions to the heat equation and the wave equation.

math.AP↗
arXiv2012

Fractional integrals on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one

In this paper we study mixed norm boundedness for fractional integrals related to Laplace--Beltrami operators on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one. The key point is the analysis of weighted inequalities for fractional integral operators associated to trigonometric Jacobi polynomials expansions. In particular, we find a novel sharp estimate for the Jacobi fractional integral kernel with explicit dependence on the type parameters.

math.CA↗
arXiv2012

Rate of convergence of Wong-Zakai approximations for stochastic partial differential equations

In this paper we show that the rate of convergence of Wong-Zakai approximations for stochastic partial differential equations driven by Wiener processes is essentially the same as the rate of convergence of the driving processes W_n approximating the Wiener process, provided the area processes of W_n also converge to those of W with that rate. We consider non-degenerate and also degenerate stochastic PDEs with time dependent coefficients.

math.PR↗