arXiv subjects

P. Scholz

Publications and source records attributed to P. Scholz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

A Second Source of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts

The discovery of a repeating Fast Radio Burst (FRB) source, FRB 121102, eliminated models involving cataclysmic events for this source. No other repeating FRB has yet been detected in spite of many recent FRB discoveries and follow-ups, suggesting repeaters may be rare in the FRB population. Here we report the detection of six repeat bursts from FRB 180814.J0422+73, one of the 13 FRBs detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) FRB project during its pre-commissioning phase in July and August 2018. These repeat bursts are consistent with originating from a single position on the sky, with the same dispersion measure (DM), ~189 pc cm-3. This DM is approximately twice the expected Milky Way column density, and implies an upper limit on the source redshift of 0.1, at least a factor of ~2 closer than FRB 121102. In some of the repeat bursts, we observe sub-pulse frequency structure, drifting, and spectral variation reminiscent of that seen in FRB 121102, suggesting similar emission mechanisms and/or propagation effects. This second repeater, found among the first few CHIME/FRB discoveries, suggests that there exists -- and that CHIME/FRB and other wide-field, sensitive radio telescopes will find -- a substantial population of repeating FRBs.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

FRB 121102 Bursts Show Complex Time-Frequency Structure

FRB 121102 is the only known repeating fast radio burst source. Here we analyze a wide-frequency-range (1-8 GHz) sample of high-signal-to-noise, coherently dedispersed bursts detected using the Arecibo and Green Bank telescopes. These bursts reveal complex time-frequency structures that include sub-bursts with finite bandwidths. The frequency-dependent burst structure complicates the determination of a dispersion measure (DM); we argue that it is appropriate to use a DM metric that maximizes frequency-averaged pulse structure, as opposed to peak signal-to-noise, and find DM = 560.57 +/- 0.07 pc/cc at MJD 57644. After correcting for dispersive delay, we find that the sub-bursts have characteristic frequencies that typically drift lower at later times in the total burst envelope. In the 1.1-1.7 GHz band, the ~ 0.5-1-ms sub-bursts have typical bandwidths ranging from 100-400 MHz, and a characteristic drift rate of ~ 200 MHz/ms towards lower frequencies. At higher radio frequencies, the sub-burst bandwidths and drift rate are larger, on average. While these features could be intrinsic to the burst emission mechanism, they could also be imparted by propagation effects in the medium local to the source. Comparison of the burst DMs with previous values in the literature suggests an increase of Delta(DM) ~ 1-3 pc/cc in 4 years, though this could be a stochastic variation as opposed to a secular trend. This implies changes in the local medium or an additional source of frequency-dependent delay. Overall, the results are consistent with previously proposed scenarios in which FRB 121102 is embedded in a dense nebula.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

PALFA Single-Pulse Pipeline: New Pulsars, Rotating Radio Transients and a Candidate Fast Radio Burst

We present a newly implemented single-pulse pipeline for the PALFA survey to efficiently identify single radio pulses from pulsars, Rotating Radio Transients (RRATs) and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). We have conducted a sensitivity analysis of this new pipeline in which multiple single pulses with a wide range of parameters were injected into PALFA data sets and run through the pipeline. Based on the recovered pulses, we find that for pulse widths $\rm < 5\ ms$ the sensitivity of the PALFA pipeline is at most a factor of $\rm \sim 2$ less sensitive to single pulses than our theoretical predictions. For pulse widths $\rm > 10\ ms$, as the $\rm DM$ decreases, the degradation in sensitivity gets worse and can increase up to a factor of $\rm \sim 4.5$. Using this pipeline, we have thus far discovered 7 pulsars and 2 RRATs and identified 3 candidate RRATs and 1 candidate FRB. The confirmed pulsars and RRATs have DMs ranging from 133 to 386 pc cm$^{-3}$ and flux densities ranging from 20 to 160 mJy. The pulsar periods range from 0.4 to 2.1 s. We report on candidate FRB 141113, which we argue is likely astrophysical and extragalactic, having $\rm DM \simeq 400\ pc~cm^{-3}$, which represents an excess over the Galactic maximum along this line of sight of $\rm \sim$ 100 - 200 pc cm$^{-3}$. We consider implications for the FRB population and show via simulations that if FRB 141113 is real and extragalactic, the slope $α$ of the distribution of integral source counts as a function of flux density ($N (>S) \propto S^{-α}$) is $1.4 \pm 0.5$ (95% confidence range). However this conclusion is dependent on several assumptions that require verification.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

Shape coexisistence and collective low-spin states in $^{112,114}$Sn studied with the $(p,p'γ)$ DSA coincidence technique

Proton-scattering experiments followed by the coincident spectroscopy of $γ$ rays have been performed at the Institute for Nuclear Physics of the University of Cologne to excite low-spin states in $^{112}$Sn and $^{114}$Sn, to determine their lifetimes and extract reduced transitions strengths $B(ΠL)$. The combined spectroscopy setup SONIC@HORUS has been used to detect the scattered protons and the emitted $γ$ rays of excited states in coincidence. The novel $(p,p'γ)$ DSA coincidence technique was employed to measure sub-ps nuclear level lifetimes. 74 level lifetimes $τ$ of states with $J = 0 - 6$ were determined. In addition, branching ratios were deduced which allowed the investigation of the intruder configuration in both nuclei. Here, $sd$ IBM-2 mixing calculations were added which support the coexistence of the two configurations. Furthermore, members of the expected QOC quintuplet are proposed in $^{114}$Sn for the first time. The $1^-$ candidate in $^{114}$Sn fits perfectly into the systematics observed for the other stable Sn isotopes. The $E2$ transition strengths observed for the low-spin members of the so-called intruder band support the existence of shape coexistence in $^{112,114}$Sn. The collectivity in this configuration is comparable to the one observed in the Pd nuclei, i.e. the 0p-4h nuclei. Strong mixing between the $0^+$ states of the normal and intruder configuration might be observed in $^{114}$Sn. The general existence of QOC states in $^{112,114}$Sn is supported by the observation of QOC candidates with $J \neq 1$.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2018

The 2016 outburst of PSR J1119-6127: cooling & a spin-down dominated glitch

We report on the aftermath of a magnetar outburst from the young, high-magnetic-field radio pulsar PSR J1119-6127 that occurred on 2016 July 27. We present the results of a monitoring campaign using the Neil Gehrels Swift X-ray Telescope, NuSTAR, and XMM-Newton. After reaching a peak luminosity of ~300 times the quiescent luminosity, the pulsar's X-ray flux declined by factor of ~50 on a time scale of several months. The X-ray spectra are well described by a blackbody and a hard power-law tail. After an initial rapid decline during the first day of the outburst, we observe the blackbody temperature rising from kT = 0.9 keV to 1.05 keV during the first two weeks of the outburst, before cooling to 0.9 keV. During this time, the blackbody radius decreases monotonically by a factor of ~4 over a span of nearly 200 days. We also report a heretofore unseen highly pulsed hard X-ray emission component, which fades on a similar timescale to the soft X-ray flux, as predicted by models of relaxation of magnetospheric current twists. The previously reported spin-up glitch which accompanied this outburst was followed by a period of enhanced and erratic torque, leading to a net spin-down of $\sim3.5\times10^{-4}$ Hz, a factor of ~24 over-recovery. We suggest that this and other radiatively loud magnetar-type glitch recoveries are dominated by magnetospheric processes, in contrast to conventional radio pulsar glitch recoveries which are dominated by internal physics.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

The implementation of a Fast-Folding pipeline for long-period pulsar searching in the PALFA survey

The Pulsar Arecibo L-Band Feed Array (PALFA) survey, the most sensitive blind search for radio pulsars yet conducted, is ongoing at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The vast majority of the 180 pulsars discovered by PALFA have spin periods shorter than 2 seconds. Pulsar surveys may miss long-period radio pulsars due to the summing of a finite number of harmonic components in conventional Fourier analyses (typically $\sim$16), or due to the strong effect of red noise at low modulation frequencies. We address this reduction in sensitivity by using a time-domain search technique: the Fast-Folding Algorithm (FFA). We designed a program that implements a FFA-based search in the PALFA processing pipeline, and tested the efficiency of the algorithm by performing tests under both ideal, white noise conditions, as well as with real PALFA observational data. In the two scenarios, we show that the time-domain algorithm has the ability to outperform the FFT-based periodicity search implemented in the survey. We perform simulations to compare the previously reported PALFA sensitivity with that obtained using our new FFA implementation. These simulations show that for a pulsar having a pulse duty cycle of roughly 3%, the performance of our FFA pipeline exceeds that of our FFT pipeline for pulses with DM $\lesssim$ 40 pc cm$^{-3}$ and for periods as short as $\sim$500 ms, and that the survey sensitivity is improved by at least a factor of two for periods $\gtrsim$ 6 sec. Discoveries from the implementation of the algorithm in PALFA are also presented in this paper.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

Highest-frequency detection of FRB 121102 at 4-8 GHz using the Breakthrough Listen Digital Backend at the Green Bank Telescope

We report the first detections of the repeating fast radio burst source FRB 121102 above 5.2 GHz. Observations were performed using the 4$-$8 GHz receiver of the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope with the Breakthrough Listen digital backend. We present the spectral, temporal and polarization properties of 21 bursts detected within the first 60 minutes of a total 6-hour observations. These observations comprise the highest burst density yet reported in the literature, with 18 bursts being detected in the first 30 minutes. A few bursts clearly show temporal sub-structures with distinct spectral properties. These sub-structures superimpose to provide enhanced peak signal-to-noise ratio at higher trial dispersion measures. Broad features occur in $\sim 1$ GHz wide subbands that typically differ in peak frequency between bursts within the band. Finer-scale structures ($\sim 10-50$ MHz) within these bursts are consistent with that expected from Galactic diffractive interstellar scintillation. The bursts exhibit nearly 100% linear polarization, and a large average rotation measure of 9.359$\pm$0.012 $\times$ 10$^{\rm 4}$ rad m$^{\rm -2}$ (in the observer's frame). No circular polarization was found for any burst. We measure an approximately constant polarization position angle in the 13 brightest bursts. The peak flux densities of the reported bursts have average values (0.2$\pm$0.1 Jy), similar to those seen at lower frequencies ($<3$ GHz), while the average burst widths (0.64$\pm$0.46 ms) are relatively narrower.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

Revival of the magnetar PSR J1622-4950: observations with MeerKAT, Parkes, XMM-Newton, Swift, Chandra, and NuSTAR

New radio (MeerKAT and Parkes) and X-ray (XMM-Newton, Swift, Chandra, and NuSTAR) observations of PSR J1622-4950 indicate that the magnetar, in a quiescent state since at least early 2015, reactivated between 2017 March 19 and April 5. The radio flux density, while variable, is approximately 100x larger than during its dormant state. The X-ray flux one month after reactivation was at least 800x larger than during quiescence, and has been decaying exponentially on a 111+/-19 day timescale. This high-flux state, together with a radio-derived rotational ephemeris, enabled for the first time the detection of X-ray pulsations for this magnetar. At 5%, the 0.3-6 keV pulsed fraction is comparable to the smallest observed for magnetars. The overall pulsar geometry inferred from polarized radio emission appears to be broadly consistent with that determined 6-8 years earlier. However, rotating vector model fits suggest that we are now seeing radio emission from a different location in the magnetosphere than previously. This indicates a novel way in which radio emission from magnetars can differ from that of ordinary pulsars. The torque on the neutron star is varying rapidly and unsteadily, as is common for magnetars following outburst, having changed by a factor of 7 within six months of reactivation.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project: System Overview

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) is a novel transit radio telescope operating across the 400-800-MHz band. CHIME is comprised of four 20-m x 100-m semi-cylindrical paraboloid reflectors, each of which has 256 dual-polarization feeds suspended along its axis, giving it a >200 square degree field-of-view. This, combined with wide bandwidth, high sensitivity, and a powerful correlator makes CHIME an excellent instrument for the detection of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). The CHIME Fast Radio Burst Project (CHIME/FRB) will search beam-formed, high time-and frequency-resolution data in real time for FRBs in the CHIME field-of-view. Here we describe the CHIME/FRB backend, including the real-time FRB search and detection software pipeline as well as the planned offline analyses. We estimate a CHIME/FRB detection rate of 2-42 FRBs/sky/day normalizing to the rate estimated at 1.4-GHz by Vander Wiel et al. (2016). Likely science outcomes of CHIME/FRB are also discussed. CHIME/FRB is currently operational in a commissioning phase, with science operations expected to commence in the latter half of 2018.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2018

PALFA Discovery of a Highly Relativistic Double Neutron Star Binary

We report the discovery and initial follow-up of a double neutron star (DNS) system, PSR J1946$+$2052, with the Arecibo L-Band Feed Array pulsar (PALFA) survey. PSR J1946$+$2052 is a 17-ms pulsar in a 1.88-hour, eccentric ($e \, =\, 0.06$) orbit with a $\gtrsim 1.2 \, M_\odot$ companion. We have used the Jansky Very Large Array to localize PSR J1946$+$2052 to a precision of 0.09 arcseconds using a new phase binning mode. We have searched multiwavelength catalogs for coincident sources but did not find any counterparts. The improved position enabled a measurement of the spin period derivative of the pulsar ($\dot{P} \, = \, 9\,\pm \, 2 \,\times 10^{-19}$); the small inferred magnetic field strength at the surface ($B_S \, = \, 4 \, \times \, 10^9 \, \rm G$) indicates that this pulsar has been recycled. This and the orbital eccentricity lead to the conclusion that PSR J1946$+$2052 is in a DNS system. Among all known radio pulsars in DNS systems, PSR J1946$+$2052 has the shortest orbital period and the shortest estimated merger timescale, 46 Myr; at that time it will display the largest spin effects on gravitational wave waveforms of any such system discovered to date. We have measured the advance of periastron passage for this system, $\dotω \, = \, 25.6 \, \pm \, 0.3\, °\rm yr^{-1}$, implying a total system mass of only 2.50 $\pm$ 0.04 $M_\odot$, so it is among the lowest mass DNS systems. This total mass measurement combined with the minimum companion mass constrains the pulsar mass to $\lesssim 1.3 \, M_\odot$.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2018

An extreme magneto-ionic environment associated with the fast radio burst source FRB 121102

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration, extragalactic radio flashes of unknown physical origin. FRB 121102, the only known repeating FRB source, has been localized to a star-forming region in a dwarf galaxy at redshift z = 0.193, and is spatially coincident with a compact, persistent radio source. The origin of the bursts, the nature of the persistent source, and the properties of the local environment are still debated. Here we present bursts that show ~100% linearly polarized emission at a very high and variable Faraday rotation measure in the source frame: RM_src = +1.46 x 10^5 rad m^-2 and +1.33 x 10^5 rad m^-2 at epochs separated by 7 months, in addition to narrow (< 30 mus) temporal structure. The large and variable rotation measure demonstrates that FRB 121102 is in an extreme and dynamic magneto-ionic environment, while the short burst durations argue for a neutron star origin. Such large rotation measures have, until now, only been observed in the vicinities of massive black holes (M_BH > 10^4 MSun). Indeed, the properties of the persistent radio source are compatible with those of a low-luminosity, accreting massive black hole. The bursts may thus come from a neutron star in such an environment. However, the observed properties may also be explainable in other models, such as a highly magnetized wind nebula or supernova remnant surrounding a young neutron star.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

Combining γ-ray and particle spectroscopy with SONIC@HORUS

The particle spectrometer SONIC for particle-$γ$ coincidence measurements was commissioned at the Institute for Nuclear Physics in Cologne, Germany. SONIC consists of up to 12 silicon $\mathitΔE$-$E$ telescopes with a total solid angle coverage of 9%, and will complement HORUS, a $γ$-ray spectrometer with 14 HPGe detectors. The combined setup SONIC@HORUS is used to investigate the $γ$-decay behaviour of low-spin states up to the neutron separation threshold excited by light-ion inelastic scattering and transfer reactions using beams provided by a 10 MV FN Tandem accelerator. The particle-$γ$ coincidence method will be presented using data from a $^{92}$Mo(p,p'$γ$) experiment. In a $^{119}$Sn(d,X) experiment, excellent particle identification has been achieved because of the good energy resolution of the silicon detectors of approximately 20 keV. Due to the non-negligible momentum transfer in the reaction, a Doppler correction of the detected $γ$-ray energy has to be performed, using the additional information from measuring the ejectile energy and direction. The high sensitivity of the setup is demonstrated by the results from a $^{94}$Mo(p,p'$γ$) experiment, where small $γ$-decay branching ratios have been deduced.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2017

Magnetar-like X-ray bursts suppress pulsar radio emission

Rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars are two different observational manifestations of neutron stars: rotation powered pulsars are rapidly spinning objects that are mostly observed as pulsating radio sources, while magnetars, neutron stars with the highest known magnetic fields, often emit short-duration X-ray bursts. Here we report simultaneous observations of the high-magnetic-field radio pulsar PSR J1119-6127 at X-ray, with XMM-Newton & NuSTAR, and at radio energies with Parkes radio telescope, during a period of magnetar-like bursts. The rotationally powered radio emission shuts off coincident with the occurrence of multiple X-ray bursts, and recovers on a time scale of ~70 seconds. These observations of related radio and X-ray phenomena further solidify the connection between radio pulsars and magnetars, and suggest that the pair plasma produced in bursts can disrupt the acceleration mechanism of radio emitting particles.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

Simultaneous X-ray, gamma-ray, and Radio Observations of the repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102

We undertook coordinated campaigns with the Green Bank, Effelsberg, and Arecibo radio telescopes during Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton observations of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 to search for simultaneous radio and X-ray bursts. We find 12 radio bursts from FRB 121102 during 70 ks total of X-ray observations. We detect no X-ray photons at the times of radio bursts from FRB 121102 and further detect no X-ray bursts above the measured background at any time. We place a 5$σ$ upper limit of $3\times10^{-11}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ on the 0.5--10 keV fluence for X-ray bursts at the time of radio bursts for durations $<700$ ms, which corresponds to a burst energy of $4\times10^{45}$ erg at the measured distance of FRB 121102. We also place limits on the 0.5--10 keV fluence of $5\times10^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ and $1\times10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ for bursts emitted at any time during the XMM-Newton and Chandra observations, respectively, assuming a typical X-ray burst duration of 5 ms. We analyze data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Gamma-ray Burst Monitor and place a 5$σ$ upper limit on the 10--100 keV fluence of $4\times10^{-9}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ ($5\times10^{47}$ erg at the distance of FRB 121102) for gamma-ray bursts at the time of radio bursts. We also present a deep search for a persistent X-ray source using all of the X-ray observations taken to date and place a 5$σ$ upper limit on the 0.5--10 keV flux of $4\times10^{-15}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ ($3\times10^{41}$ erg~s$^{-1}$ at the distance of FRB 121102). We discuss these non-detections in the context of the host environment of FRB 121102 and of possible sources of fast radio bursts in general.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

FRB 121102 is coincident with a star forming region in its host galaxy

We present optical, near- and mid-infrared imaging of the host galaxy of FRB 121102 with the Gemini North telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The FRB 121102 host galaxy is resolved, revealing a bright star forming region located in the outskirts of the irregular, low-metallicity dwarf galaxy. The star forming region has a half-light radius of 0.68 kpc (0.20 arcsec), encompassing the projected location of the compact (<0.7 pc), persistent radio source that is associated with FRB 121102. The half-light diameter of the dwarf galaxy is 5 to 7 kpc, and broadband spectral energy distribution fitting indicates that it has a total stellar mass of M*~10^8 Msun. The metallicity of the host galaxy is low, 12+log10 ([O/H])=8.0+-0.1. The properties of the host galaxy of FRB 121102 are comparable to those of extreme emission line galaxies, also known to host hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae and long-duration gamma-ray bursts. The projected location of FRB 121102 within the star forming region supports the proposed connection of FRBs with newly born neutron stars or magnetars.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

A Multi-telescope Campaign on FRB 121102: Implications for the FRB Population

We present results of the coordinated observing campaign that made the first subarcsecond localization of a Fast Radio Burst, FRB 121102. During this campaign, we made the first simultaneous detection of an FRB burst by multiple telescopes: the VLA at 3 GHz and the Arecibo Observatory at 1.4 GHz. Of the nine bursts detected by the Very Large Array at 3 GHz, four had simultaneous observing coverage at other observatories. We use multi-observatory constraints and modeling of bursts seen only at 3 GHz to confirm earlier results showing that burst spectra are not well modeled by a power law. We find that burst spectra are characterized by a ~500 MHz envelope and apparent radio energy as high as $10^{40}$ erg. We measure significant changes in the apparent dispersion between bursts that can be attributed to frequency-dependent profiles or some other intrinsic burst structure that adds a systematic error to the estimate of DM by up to 1%. We use FRB 121102 as a prototype of the FRB class to estimate a volumetric birth rate of FRB sources $R_{FRB} \approx 5x10^{-5}/N_r$ Mpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$, where $N_r$ is the number of bursts per source over its lifetime. This rate is broadly consistent with models of FRBs from young pulsars or magnetars born in superluminous supernovae or long gamma-ray bursts, if the typical FRB repeats on the order of thousands of times during its lifetime.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

Spin-down evolution and radio disappearance of the magnetar PSR J1622$-$4950

We report on 2.4 yr of radio timing measurements of the magnetar PSR J1622$-$4950 using the Parkes telescope, between 2011 November and 2014 March. During this period the torque on the neutron star (inferred from the rotational frequency derivative) varied greatly, though much less erratically than in the 2 yr following its discovery in 2009. During the last year of our measurements the frequency derivative decreased in magnitude monotonically by 20\%, to a value of $-1.3\times10^{-13}$ s$^{-2}$, a factor of 8 smaller than when discovered. The flux density continued to vary greatly during our monitoring through 2014 March, reaching a relatively steady low level after late 2012. The pulse profile varied secularly on a similar timescale as the flux density and torque. A relatively rapid transition in all three properties is evident in early 2013. After PSR J1622$-$4950 was detected in all of our 87 observations up to 2014 March, we did not detect the magnetar in our resumed monitoring starting in 2015 January and have not detected it in any of the 30 observations done through 2016 September.

astro-ph.HE↗

arXiv2017

The direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host

Fast radio bursts are astronomical radio flashes of unknown physical nature with durations of milliseconds. Their dispersive arrival times suggest an extragalactic origin and imply radio luminosities orders of magnitude larger than any other kind of known short-duration radio transient. Thus far, all FRBs have been detected with large single-dish telescopes with arcminute localizations, and attempts to identify their counterparts (source or host galaxy) have relied on contemporaneous variability of field sources or the presence of peculiar field stars or galaxies. These attempts have not resulted in an unambiguous association with a host or multi-wavelength counterpart. Here we report the sub-arcsecond localization of FRB 121102, the only known repeating burst source, using high-time-resolution radio interferometric observations that directly image the bursts themselves. Our precise localization reveals that FRB 121102 originates within 100 mas of a faint 180 uJy persistent radio source with a continuum spectrum that is consistent with non-thermal emission, and a faint (25th magnitude) optical counterpart. The flux density of the persistent radio source varies by tens of percent on day timescales, and very long baseline radio interferometry yields an angular size less than 1.7 mas. Our observations are inconsistent with the fast radio burst having a Galactic origin or its source being located within a prominent star-forming galaxy. Instead, the source appears to be co-located with a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus or a previously unknown type of extragalactic source. [Truncated] If other fast radio bursts have similarly faint radio and optical counterparts, our findings imply that direct sub-arcsecond localizations of FRBs may be the only way to provide reliable associations.

astro-ph.HE↗