arXiv subjects

Paavo Salminen

Publications and source records attributed to Paavo Salminen.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

On hitting times of affine boundaries by reflecting Brownian motion and Bessel processes

Firstly, we compute the distribution function for the hitting time of a linear time-dependent boundary $t\mapsto a+bt,\ a\geq 0,\,b\in \R,$ by a reflecting Brownian motion. The main tool hereby is Doob's formula which gives the probability that Brownian motion started inside a wedge does not hit this wedge. Other key ingredients are the time inversion property of Brownian motion and the time reversal property of diffusion bridges. Secondly, this methodology can also be applied for the three dimensional Bessel process. Thirdly, we consider Bessel bridges from 0 to 0 with dimension parameter $δ>0$ and show that the probability that such a Bessel bridge crosses an affine boundary is equal to the probability that this Bessel bridge stays below some fixed value.

math.PR↗

arXiv2010

On the excursions of reflected local time processes and stochastic fluid queues

This paper extends previous work by the authors. We consider the local time process of a strong Markov process, add negative drift, and reflect it à la Skorokhod. The resulting process is used to model a fluid queue. We derive an expression for the joint law of the duration of an excursion, the maximum value of the process on it, and the time distance between successive excursions. We work with a properly constructed stationary version of the process. Examples are also given in the paper.

math.PR↗

arXiv2010

Optimal stopping, Appell polynomials and Wiener-Hopf factorization representations of excessive functions of Lévy processes

In this paper we study the optimal stopping problem for Lévy processes studied by Novikov and Shiryayev, Stochastics, 2007 In particular, we are interested in finding the representing measure of the value function. It is seen that that this can be expressed in terms of the Appell polynomials. An important tool in our approach and computations is the Wiener-Hopf factorization.

math.PR↗

arXiv2008

On subexponentiality of the Lévy measure of the diffusion inverse local time; with applications to penalizations

For a recurrent linear diffusion on $\R_+$ we study the asymptotics of the distribution of its local time at 0 as the time parameter tends to infinity. Under the assumption that the Lévy measure of the inverse local time is subexponential this distribution behaves asymtotically as a multiple of the Lévy measure. Using spectral representations we find the exact value of the multiple. For this we also need a result on the asymptotic behavior of the convolution of a subexponential distribution and an arbitrary distribution on $\R_+.$ The exact knowledge of the asymptotic behavior of the distribution of the local time allows us to analyze the process derived via a penalization procedure with the local time. This result generalizes the penalizations obtained in Roynette, Vallois and Yor \cite{rvyV} for Bessel processes.

math.PR↗

arXiv2007

On fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes

In this paper we study Doob's transform of fractional Brownian motion (FBM). It is well known that Doob's transform of standard Brownian motion is identical in law with the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion defined as the solution of the (stochastic) Langevin equation where the driving process is a Brownian motion. It is also known that Doob's transform of FBM and the process obtained from the Langevin equation with FBM as the driving process are different. However, also the first one of these can be described as a solution of a Langevin equation but now with some other driving process than FBM. We are mainly interested in the properties of this new driving process denoted Y^{(1)}. We also study the solution of the Langevin equation with Y^{(1)} as the driving process. Moreover, we show that the covariance of Y^{(1)} grows linearly; hence, in this respect Y^{(1)} is more like a standard Brownian motion than a FBM. In fact, it is proved that a properly scaled version of Y^{(1)} converges weakly to Brownian motion.

math.PR↗

arXiv2007

Analysis of stochastic fluid queues driven by local time processes

We consider a stochastic fluid queue served by a constant rate server and driven by a process which is the local time of a certain Markov process. Such a stochastic system can be used as a model in a priority service system, especially when the time scales involved are fast. The input (local time) in our model is always singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure which in many applications is ``close'' to reality. We first discuss how to rigorously construct the (necessarily) unique stationary version of the system under some natural stability conditions. We then consider the distribution of performance steady-state characteristics, namely, the buffer content, the idle period and the busy period. These derivations are much based on the fact that the inverse of the local time of a Markov process is a Lévy process (a subordinator) hence making the theory of Lévy processes applicable. Another important ingredient in our approach is the Palm calculus coming from the point process point of view.

math.PR↗

arXiv2006

On the excursion theory for linear diffusions

We present a number of important identities related to the excursion theory of linear diffusions. In particular, excursions straddling an independent exponential time are studied in detail. Letting the parameter of the exponential time tend to zero it is seen that these results connect to the corresponding results for excursions of stationary diffusions (in stationary state). We characterize also the laws of the diffusion prior and posterior to the last zero before the exponential time. It is proved using Krein's representations that, e.g., the law of the length of the excursion straddling an exponential time is infinitely divisible. As an illustration of the results we discuss Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.

math.PR↗

arXiv2006

Optimal stopping of Hunt and Lévy processes

The optimal stopping problem for a Hunt processes on $\R$ is considered via the representation theory of excessive functions. In particular, we focus on infinite horizon (or perpetual) problems with one-sided structure, that is, there exists a point $x^*$ such that the stopping region is of the form $[x^*,+\infty)$. Corresponding results for two-sided problems are also indicated. The main result is a spectral representation of the value function in terms of the Green kernel of the process. Specializing in Lévy processes, we obtain, by applying the Wiener-Hopf factorization, a general representation of the value function in terms of the maximum of the Lévy process. To illustrate the results, an explicit expression for the Green kernel of Brownian motion with exponential jumps is computed and some optimal stopping problems for Poisson process with positive exponential jumps and negative drift are solved.

math.PR↗

arXiv2005

On Maximum Increase and Decrease of Brownian Motion

The joint distribution of maximum increase and decrease for Brownian motion up to an independent exponential time is computed. This is achieved by decomposing the Brownian path at the hitting times of the infimum and the supremum before the exponential time. It is seen that an important element in our formula is the distribution of the maximum decrease for the three dimensional Bessel process with drift started from 0 and stopped at the first hitting of a given level. From the joint distribution of the maximum increase and decrease it is possible to calculate the correlation coefficient between these at a fixed time and this is seen to be -0.47936... .

math.PR↗

arXiv2005

A note on a.s. finiteness of perpetual integral functionals of diffusions

In this note, with the help of the boundary classification of diffusions, we derive a criterion of the convergence of perpetual integral functionals of transient real-valued diffusions. In the particular case of transient Bessel processes, we note that this criterion agrees with the one obtained via Jeulin's convergence lemma.

math.PR↗

arXiv2005

Tanaka formula for symmetric Lévy processes

Starting from the potential theoretic definition of the local times of a Markov process - when these exist - we obtain a Tanaka formula for the local times of symmetric Lévy processes. The most interesting case is that of the symmetric $\al$-stable Lévy process (for $\al\in[1,2]$) which is studied in detail. In particular, we determine which powers of such a process are semimartingales. These results complete, in a sense, the works by K. Yamada \cite{yamada02} and Fitzsimmons and Getoor \cite{fitzsimmonsgetoor92a}.

math.PR↗

arXiv2004

On some exponential integral functionals of BM($μ$) and BES(3)

In this paper we derive the Laplace transforms of the integral functionals $$ \int_0^\infty (p(\exp(B^{(μ)}_t)+1)^{-1}+ q(\exp(B^{(μ)}_t)+1)^{-2}) dt, $$ $$ \int_0^\infty (p(\exp(R^{(3)}_t)-1)^{-1}+ q(\exp(R^{(3)}_t)-1)^{-2}) dt, $$ where $p$ and $q$ are real numbers, $\{B^{(μ)}_t: t\geq 0\}$ is a Brownian motion with drift $μ>0,$ BM($μ$), and $\{R^{(3)}_t: t\geq 0\}$ is a 3-dimensional Bessel process, BES(3). The transforms are given in terms of Gauss' hypergeometric functions and it is seen that the results are closely related to some functionals of Jacobi diffusions. This work generalizes and completes some results of Donati--Martin and Yor and Salminen and Yor.

math.PR↗

arXiv2004

On occupation times of stationary excursions

In this paper excursions of a stationary diffusion in stationary state are studied. In particular, we compute the joint distribution of the occupation times $I^{(+)}_t$ and $I^{(-)}_t$ above and below, respectively, the observed level at time $t$ during an excursion. We consider also the starting time $g_t$ and the ending time $d_t$ of the excursion (straddling $t$) and discuss their relations to the Levy measure of the inverse local time. It is seen that the pairs $(I^{(+)}_t, I^{(-)}_t)$ and $(t-g_t, d_t-t)$ are identically distributed. Moreover, conditionally on $I^{(+)}_t + I^{(-)}_t =v$, the variables $I^{(+)}_t$ and $I^{(-)}_t$ are uniformly distributed on $(0,v)$. Using the theory of the Palm measures, we derive an analoguous result for excursion bridges.

math.PR↗

arXiv2004

Perpetual integral functionals as hitting and occupation times

Let $X$ be a linear diffusion and $f$ a non-negative, Borel measurable function. We are interested in finding conditions on $X$ and $f$ which imply that the perpetual integral functional $$ I^X_\infty(f):=\int_0^\infty f(X_t) dt $$ is identical in law with the first hitting time of a point for some other diffusion. This phenomenon may often be explained using random time change. Because of some potential applications in mathematical finance, we are considering mainly the case when $X$ is a Brownian motion with drift $μ>0,$ denoted $\{B^{(μ)}_t: t\geq 0\},$ but it is obvious that the method presented is more general. We also review the known examples and give new ones. In particular, results concerning one-sided functionals $$ \int_0^\infty f(B^{(μ)}_t) {\bf 1}_{\{B^{(μ)}_t<0\}} dt\quad {\rm and}\quad \int_0^\infty f(B^{(μ)}_t) {\bf 1}_{\{B^{(μ)}_t>0\}} dt $$ are presented. This approach generalizes the proof, based on the random time change techniques, of the fact that the Dufresne functional (this corresponds to $f(x)=\exp(-2x)),$ playing quite an important rôle in the study of geometric Brownian motion, is identical in law with the first hitting time for a Bessel process. Another functional arising naturally in this context is %associated to the function $$ \int_0^\infty \big(a+\exp(B^{(μ)}_t)\big)^{-2} dt, $$ which is seen, in the case $μ=1/2,$ to be identical in law with the first hitting time for a Brownian motion with drift $μ=a/2.$ The paper is concluded by discussing how the Feynman-Kac formula can be used to find the distribution of a perpetual integral functional.

math.PR↗