arXiv subjects

Paolo Carniti

Publications and source records attributed to Paolo Carniti.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

NTL-amplified cryogenic light detectors with optically transparent electrodes

The Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect is used by experiments based on cryogenic detectors to boost the sensitivity of light-sensitive devices down to a few optical photons. In this work we introduce a silicon light-detector technology that implements NTL amplification at millikelvin temperatures using transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes. The ITO electrodes enable an electric field perpendicular to the wafer surface, mitigating surface charge recombination, and thanks to their optical properties, simultaneously serve as an anti-reflective coating. By combining these two functions in a single element, the fabrication process is simplified, yielding more robust and cost-effective devices. We report on the production and characterization of the first batch of these detectors. We performed a room-temperature characterization of the ITO electrodes, verifying the structural and optical characteristics of the deposited electrodes. We then operated 2 of these devices as cryogenic calorimeters at millikelvin temperatures. Finally, we develop a consistent analytical model for the NTL gain for both ionizing particles and optical photons, successfully describing the gain dependence on the NTL bias and explicitly accounting for the partial electrode coverage of the device surface.

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arXiv2024

A Multi-Function Radiation-Hardened HV and LV Linear Regulator for SiPM-based HEP Detectors

The use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to detect light signals in highly radioactive environments presents several challenges, particularly due to their sensitivity on radiation, temperature, and overvoltage, requiring a proper management of their bias supply. This article presents the design and performance of ALDO2, an application-specific integrated circuit and power management solution tailored for SiPM-based high-energy physics detectors. The chip's functions include adjustable and point-of-load linear regulation of the SiPM bias voltage (10-70 V, 50 mA), monitoring of SiPM current, shutdown, over-current and over-temperature protection. The same functions are also available for the low-voltage regulator (1.6-3.3 V, 800 mA), used to generate the power supply of SiPM readout chips that often demand stable and well-filtered input voltages while consuming currents of up to several hundred milliamperes. The chip is intended to operate in radioactive environments typical of particle physics experiments, where it must withstand significant levels of radiation (total ionizing dose and 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence in the range of Mrad and $\mathbf{10^{14}}\ \mathrm{\mathbf{n_{eq}/cm^2}}$, respectively). The article provides a comprehensive description of the chip design, as well as experimental measurements, offering insights into the chip's performance under various conditions. Finally, radiation hardening, radiation qualification and reliability are discussed.

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arXiv2022

High resolution filtering and digitization system for cryogenic bolometric detectors

BiDAQ is a custom filtering and data acquisition system designed for next-gen bolometric experiments dedicated to the search of neutrinoless double beta decay. The system is composed of 12-channel analog-to-digital boards interfaced with FPGA SoC modules that collect and transmit the 24-bit data to the storage computers with a sampling rate up to 25 kHz. Low noise, low power, high modularity and configurability, and an easy interface with Gigabit Ethernet are the main characteristics of the BiDAQ system.

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arXiv2022

ALDO2, a multi-function rad-hard linear regulator for SiPM-based HEP detectors

ALDO2 is a multi-function, adjustable, low dropout linear regulator designed in onsemi I3T80 0.35~$μ$m HV CMOS technology for use in HEP detectors that adopt silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The chip features four independent regulators, two low voltage channels (max 3.3 V) used to filter and stabilize the power supply of front-end chips, and two HV channels (max 70 V), specifically designed to provide the bias voltage to arrays of SiPMs. Each regulator can be independently shut down and is protected for over-current and over-temperature. The HV regulators also implement a circuit to monitor the bias current of the SiPM arrays, allowing to perform I-V curves and thus to fine-tune the working point of the SiPM arrays during the detector lifetime. The chip adopts radiation hardening techniques and has been fully qualified up to a TID of 20 Mrad, a 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence of $10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$, and with heavy ions up to 40 MeV cm$^2$ mg$^{-1}$ LET and $10^{10}$ cm$^{-2}$ cumulative fluence. The chip will be installed in two CMS detectors in the HL-LHC phase, the Barrel Timing Detector (BTL) and the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL).

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arXiv2021

An automated system to define the optimal operating settings of cryogenic calorimeters

Cryogenic macro-calorimeters instrumented with NTD thermistors have been developed for several decades. The choice of the optimal bias current is crucial for a proper operation of these detectors, both in terms of energy resolution and stability. In this paper we present a set of automatic measurements and analysis procedures for the characterization and optimization of the working configuration of the NTD thermistors. The presented procedures were developed for CUORE, an array of 988 cryogenic macro-calorimeters instrumented with NTD thermistors that has been taking data since 2017. These procedures made it possible to characterize a large number of detectors in a reliable way. They are suitable enough to be used also in other large arrays of cryogenic detectors, such as CUPID.

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arXiv2018

Electronic Instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics and Neutrino Physics

The present dissertation describes design, qualification and operation of several electronic instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics experiments (LHCb) and Neutrino Physics experiments (CUORE and CUPID). Starting from 2019, the LHCb experiment at the LHC accelerator will be upgraded to operate at higher luminosity and several of its detectors will be redesigned. The RICH detector will require a completely new optoelectronic readout system. The development of such system has already reached an advanced phase, and several tests at particle beam facilities allowed to qualify the performance of the entire system. In order to achieve a higher stability and a better power supply regulation for the frontend chip, a rad-hard low dropout linear regulator, named ALDO, has been developed. Design strategies, performance tests and results from the irradiation campaign are presented. In the Neutrino Physics field, large scale bolometric detectors, like those adopted by CUORE and its future upgrade CUPID, offer unique opportunities for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay. Their operation requires particular strategies in the readout instrumentation, which is described here in its entirety. The qualification and optimization of the working parameters as well as the integration of the system in the experimental area are also thoroughly discussed,together with the latest upgrades of two electronic subsystems for the future CUPID experiment

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arXiv2018

The front-end electronics system for the CUORE experiment

CUORE is an array of thermal calorimeters composed of 988 crystals held at about 10 mK, whose absorbed energy is read out with semiconductor thermistors. The composition of the crystal is TeO2, and the aim is the study of the double beta decay of 130Te on very long and stable runs. CUPID-0 is an array of 26 Zn82Se crystals with double thermistor readout to study the double beta decay of 82Se. In the present paper, we present an overview of the entire front-end electronic readout chain, from the preamplifier to the anti-aliasing filter. This overview includes motivations, design strategies, circuit implementation and performance results of the electronic system, including other auxiliary yet important elements like power supplies and the slow control communication system. The stringent requirements of stability on the very long experimental runs that are foreseen during CUORE and CUPID-0 operation, are achieved thanks to novel solutions of the front-end preamplifier and of the detector bias circuit setup.

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arXiv2015

Characterization of the Hamamatsu H12700A-03 and R12699-03 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes

The H12700 is a novel 64-channel 52 $\times$ 52 mm$^2$ square Multi-Anode PhotoMultiplier Tube (MaPMT) produced by Hamamatsu. Its characteristics make this device suitable for high energy physics applications, such as in Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors. Hamamatsu provides the H12700 tube with an embedded socket connecting the anodes to the output pins and including an active voltage divider. A second device version, the R12699, is also available and differs from the former by the absence of the socket. This paper describes a complete characterization of both models, starting from the standard operating parameters (single photon spectra, average gain, anode uniformity and dark current value), investigating in detail the cross-talk effect among neighbouring pixels and considering the behaviour in critical environment conditions, such as in presence of a static magnetic field up to 100 Gauss, at different operating temperatures and after long exposure to intense light.

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arXiv2012

CLARO-CMOS, a very low power ASIC for fast photon counting with pixellated photodetectors

The CLARO-CMOS is an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed for fast photon counting with pixellated photodetectors such as multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (Ma-PMT), micro-channel plates (MCP), and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). The first prototype has four channels, each with a charge sensitive amplifier with settable gain and a discriminator with settable threshold, providing fast hit information for each channel independently. The design was realized in a long-established, stable and inexpensive 0.35 um CMOS technology, and provides outstanding performance in terms of speed and power dissipation. The prototype consumes less than 1 mW per channel at low rate, and less than 2 mW at an event rate of 10 MHz per channel. The recovery time after each pulse is less than 25 ns for input signals within a factor of 10 above threshold. Input referred RMS noise is about 7.7 ke^- (1.2 fC) with an input capacitance of 3.3 pF. Thanks to the low noise and high speed, a timing resolution down to 10 ps RMS was measured for typical photomultiplier signals of a few million electrons, corresponding to the single photon response for these detectors.

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