More Results on Regular Ultrafilters in ZFC
We prove, in ZFC alone, some new results on regularity and decomposability of ultrafilters. We also list some problems, and furnish applications to topological spaces and to extended logics.
arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Paolo Lipparini.
We prove, in ZFC alone, some new results on regularity and decomposability of ultrafilters. We also list some problems, and furnish applications to topological spaces and to extended logics.
We extend to singular cardinals the model-theoretical relation $λ\stackrelκ{\Rightarrow} μ$ introduced in P. Lipparini, The compactness spectrum of abstract logics, large cardinals and combinatorial principles, Boll. Unione Matematica Italiana ser. VII, {\bf 4-B} 875--903 (1990). We extend some results obtained in Part II, finding equivalent conditions involving uniformity of ultrafilters and the existence of certain infinite matrices. Our present definition suggests a new compactness property for abstract logics.
We generalize the results from "P. Lipparini, Productive $[λ,μ]$-compactness and regular ultrafilters, Topology Proceedings, 21 (1996), 161--171"; in particular the present results apply to singular cardinals, too.
We find many conditions equivalent to the model-theoretical property $λ\stackrelκ{\Rightarrow} μ$ introduced in [L1]. Our conditions involve uniformity of ultrafilters, compactness properties of products of topological spaces and the existence of certain infinite matrices.
We begin the study of the consequences of the existence of certain infinite matrices. Our present application is to compactness of products of topological spaces.
In a previous paper (From congruence identities to tolerance identities, in print on Acta Sci. Math. Szeged) we showed that, under certain conditions, a variety satisfies a given congruence identity if and only if it satisfies the same tolerance identity. Moreover, we mentioned that a parallel result holds for Mal'cev conditions arising from graphs. In the present note we give detailed definitions and state these more general results.
We provide more characterizations of varieties having a term Mal'cev modulo two functions $F$ and $G$. We characterize varieties neutral in the sense of $F$, that is varieties satisfying $R \subseteq F(R)$. We present examples of global operators satisfying the homomorphism property, in particular we show that many known commutators satisfy the homomorphism property.
We give examples and counterexamples concerning varieties in which every tolerance is representable as $R \circ R^-$, for some reflexive and admissible relation $R$.
We use Shelah's theory of possible cofinalities in order to solve a problem about ultrafilters. THEOREM. Suppose that $ λ$ is a singular cardinal, $ λ' < λ$, and the ultrafilter $D$ is $ κ$-decomposable for all regular cardinals $ κ$ with $ λ' < κ< λ$. Then $D$ is either $ λ$-decomposable, or $ λ^+$-decomposable. We give applications to topological spaces and to abstract logics.
We introduce the decomposability spectrum $K_D=\{λ\geq ω| D \text{is} λ\text{-decomposable}\}$ of an ultrafilter $D$, and show that Shelah's $\pcf$ theory influences the possible values $K_D$ can take. For example, we show that if $\aaa$ is a set of regular cardinals, $μ\in \pcfa$, the ultrafilter $D$ is $|\aaa |^+$-complete and $K_D \subseteq \aaa$, then $μ\in K_D$. As a consequence, we show that if $ λ$ is singular and for some $ λ' < λ$ $K_D$ contains all regular cardinals in $ [λ', λ)$ then: (a) if $\cf λ= ω$ then either $ λ\in K_D$, or $ λ^+ \in K_D$; and (b) if $D$ is $(\cf λ)^+$-complete then $ λ^+ \in K_D$, and $\pp (λ)= λ^+$.
We derive consequences from the existence of a term which satisfies Mal'cev identities (characterizing permutability) modulo two functions F and G from admissible relations to admissible relations. We also provide characterizations of varieties having a Mal'cev term modulo F and G.
We find conditions equivalent to some commutator identities considered in Part I
We present a new and useful congruence identity satisfied by m-permutable varieties.
In a general algebraic setting, we state some properties of commutators of reflexive admissible relations.
We derive some equalities for relations on the algebra A, under the assumption that every subalgebra of A $\times$ A is congruence modular.