arXiv subjects

Parsa Ghorbani

Publications and source records attributed to Parsa Ghorbani.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Quantum Zeno Dynamics of Two Interacting Particles

According to quantum Zeno dynamics (QZD), the evolution of a quantum system can be restricted to a subspace of its Hilbert space by frequent measurements. A crucial question in QZD of a particle's position is: how short the time interval between successive measurements should be, in order to confine the particle in its initial spatial region? To address this question, we consider a toy model with two ions initially known to be, for simplicity, in a one-dimensional spatial region. By simulating the evolution of this two-body quantum system, we estimate the measurement frequency needed to keep the ions within their initial confined region at a desired confidence level. Two key parameters we employ in our calculations are the Zeno time and the leakage probability of the quantum system. The measurement frequencies are calculated and compared when ions are located initially at different spatial regions. For our simulation, we introduce the Python code {\tt 2IonQZD}.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Fermion Dark Matter Effect on Electroweak Phase Transition

The addition of extra scalars to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics enriches the vacuum structure and consequently gives rise to strong first-order phase transitions (EWPT) in the early universe. We raise the question that how the EWPT is affected by the addition of fermions in models beyond the SM, and address this question by studying the EWPT in a dark matter model comprising a singlet scalar and two Dirac fermions. The singlet scalar develops a nonzero vacuum expectation value (VEV), and the lighter fermion plays the role of the dark matter. The model evades the stringent direct detection bounds due to the presence of two fermions. We first show that applying the high-temperature approximation, no first-order phase transition is found. Then we demonstrate that when including the full finite temperature corrections to the effective potential, the first-order phase transition becomes possible, nevertheless, all the phase transitions will be weak. We therefore deduce that the addition of fermions reduces the strength of the EWPT.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Gravitational waves from thermal heavy scalar dark matter

We propose a gauge singlet scalar with mass around 1-100 TeV as a thermal heavy dark matter candidate along with a dilaton as a Higgs portal mediator in a dimensionless scalar extension of the Standard Model. We demonstrate analytically that such a model gives rise to very strong first-order electroweak phase transition through supercooling. We calculate the corresponding gravitational wave signals due to bubble collisions during the phase transition. The produced gravitational waves can be detected by future space-based gravitational wave detectors in the frequency range from 10^{-4} Hz to 0.1 Hz.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Loop quantum effects on direct detection prediction in two-scalar dark matter scenario

We investigate the effect of quantum corrections on the elastic scattering cross section of dark matter off nucleus in two-scalar dark matter model. Among two extra singlet scalars in the two-scalar model, the lighter one is stable and plays the role of dark matter candidate and the heavier one contributes in dark matter co-annihilation processes in thermal history of the early universe. It is already known that the two-scalar model at tree level, unlike the single-scalar dark matter model, can easily evade the bounds from direct detection (DD) experiments. The claim here is that taking into account the loop effects, in some regions of the parameter space, the DM-nucleon cross section becomes larger than the tree level contribution. Therefore, loop effects move the regions which were below the neutrino floor at tree level, up to the regions which are detectable by future DD experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Two pseudo-Goldstone bosons in the Gildener-Weinberg model

In a dimensionless multi-scalar extension of the Standard Model, Gildener and Weinberg assumed that along a flat direction, there is only one classically massless scalar, known as the {\it scalon}, which acquires mass through radiative corrections à la Coleman-Weinberg, while all other scalars remain heavy. In this paper, by introducing a toy model with four scalar degrees of freedom we demonstrate the existence of {\it two} scalons along a specific flat direction that we construct. We present the effective potential for the model and provide the masses of the heavy scalars and two radiatively light pseudo-Goldstone bosons.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

$W$-Boson Mass Anomaly from Scale Invariant 2HDM

The recently reported measurement of the $W$-boson mass by CDF-II collaboration is significantly heavier than that of the Standard Model prediction. We study this anomaly in the scale invariant Two-Higgs-Doublet-Model (SI-2HDM) with a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry to avoid the flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC). In this scenario the Higgs particle is the classically massless scalon in the SI-2HDM gaining its mass by radiative corrections, hence being naturally light. Moreover, because of the scale symmetry the model is more predictive respect to the generic 2HDM. We show that the oblique parameters depending on the masses of the charged and CP-even (CP-odd) neutral scalar components of the SI-2HDM denoted respectively by $M_{H^\pm}$ and $M_h$ ($M_A$), are large enough to accommodate the $W$-boson mass anomaly in the model. There are as well viable regions in the mass spectrum of the SI-2HDM that evade the experimental bounds from colliders on the charged Higgs and neutral scalars.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

The hierarchy problem and the vacuum stability in two-scalar dark matter model

We consider an extension to the Standard Model (SM) with two extra real singlet scalars which interact with the SM Higgs particle. The lighter scalar is taken as the dark matter (DM) candidate. We show that the model successfully explains the relic abundance of the DM in the universe and evades the strong bounds from direct detection experiments while respecting the perturbativity and the vacuum stability conditions. In addition, we study the hierarchy problem within the Veltman approach by solving the renormalization group equations at one-loop. We demonstrate that the addition of the real singlet scalars contributes to the Veltman parameters which in turn results in satisfying the Veltman conditions much lower than the Planck scale $ Λ_\text{Pl}$ down to the electroweak scale. Therefore, the presence of the extra scalars solves the fine-tuning problem of the Higgs mass. For the case of the two-scalar DM model we find two representative points in the viable parameter space which satisfy also the Veltman conditions at $Λ= 300$ GeV and $Λ= 1$ TeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Dark Matter and Muon $g-2$ Anomaly via Scale Symmetry Breaking

The Standard Model (SM) without the Higgs mass term is scale invariant. Gildener and Weinberg generalized the scale invariant standard model (SISM) by including the multiplication of scalars in quartic forms. They pointed out that along the flat direction only one scalar -- called the scalon -- is classically massless and all other scalars are massive. Here we choose a SISM with one scalon and one heavy scalar and extend that further respecting the scale invariance by a vector-like lepton (VLL). By an appropriate choice of the flat direction, the heavy scalar enjoys the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and is assumed as DM particle. The scalon connects the visible and dark sector via the Higgs-portal and by interacting with both the muon lepton and the VLL. The VLL is charged under $U(1)_Y$ and interacts with $γ/Z$ bosons. We show that the model correctly accounts for the observed dark matter (DM) relic abundance in the universe, while naturally evading the current and future bounds from direct detection (DD) experiments. Moreover, the model is capable to explain the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly observed in Fermilab. We also show a feature in SISM scenarios which is not present in other Higgs-portal models; despite having the Higgs-portal term $|H|^2 s^2$ ($s$ being the scalon) in SISM, the effective potential after the electroweak symmetry breaking lacks an important expected vertex $h s^2$. This property immediately forbids the tree-level invisible Higgs decay $h\to ss$ and the one-loop Higgs decay $h\to μ^+ μ^-$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Scalar gauge dynamics and Dark Matter

We consider theories with one gauge group (SU, SO or Sp) and one scalar in a two-index representation. The renormalizable action often has accidental symmetries (such as global U(1) or unusual group parities) that lead to one or more stable states, providing Dark Matter candidates. We discuss the confined phase(s) of each theory and compute the two Higgs phases, finding no generic dualities among them. Discrete gauge symmetries can arise and accidental symmetries can be broken, possibly giving pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter. Dark Matter candidates can have a complicated sub-structure characteristic of each group and can be accompanied by extra dark radiation.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Vacuum structure and electroweak phase transition in singlet scalar dark matter

In the presence of a real singlet scalar field with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry in addition to the Higgs field in the Standard Model, we analytically investigate all possible one-step and two-step electroweak phase transitions (EWPT) in the high-temperature expansion limit. In particular, we examine the possibility of a first-order phase transition in an intermediate temperature interval of the universe for two-step scenarios. In all scenarios, we provide with necessary conditions on the parameters of the model to address a first- or second-order phase transition if ever possible in the high-temperature approximation. We show that among all possible EWPT channels in this model, only the two-step phase transition $(0,0)\to(0,w)\to (v,0)$ can be of first-order type, either in the first or second step. The conditions obtained for EWPT is confronted with the dark matter (DM) and collider constraints. It is shown that the second-order one-step $(0,0)\to(v,0)$ scenario can evade the DM constraints, but it is not accessible to future colliders. The two-step first-order EWPT scenario $(0,0)\to(0,w)\to (v,0)$, except for small DM masses, is excluded by direct detection experiments XENON1T/LUX, but it is accessible in future colliders ILC/TLEP.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2021

Vacuum Stability vs. Positivity in Real Singlet Scalar Extension of the Standard Model

We assume a generic real singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model living in the vacuum $(v,w)$ at the electroweak scale with $v=246$ GeV and $w$ being respectively the Higgs and the singlet scalar vacuum expectation values. By requiring {\it absolute} vacuum stability for the vacuum $(v,w)$, the positivity condition and the perturbativity up to the Planck scale, we show that the viable space of parameters in the model is strongly constrained for various singlet scalar vacuum expectation values $w=0.1, 1, 10, 100$ TeV. Also, it turns out that the singlet scalar mass can be from a few GeV up to less than TeV.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

A landscape for the cosmological constant and the Higgs mass

The cosmological constant and the Higgs mass seem unnaturally small and anthropically selected. We show that both can be efficiently scanned in Quantum Field Theories with a large enough number of vacua controllable thanks to approximated $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetries (even for Coleman-Weinberg potentials). We find that vacuum decay in a landscape implies weaker bounds than previously estimated. Special vacua where one light scalar is accidentally light avoid catastrophic vacuum decay if its self-cubic is absent. This is what happens for the Higgs doublet, thanks to gauge invariance. Yukawa couplings can be efficiently scanned, as suggested by anthropic boundaries on light quark masses. Finally, we suggest that the lack of predictivity of landscapes can be mitigated if their probability distributions are non-Gaussian (possibly even fractal).

hep-th↗