arXiv subjects

Parthapratim Pradhan

Publications and source records attributed to Parthapratim Pradhan.

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arXiv2016

Thermodynamic Products for Sen Black Hole

We investigate the properties of inner and outer horizon thermodynamics of Sen black hole(BH) both in \emph{Einstein frame(EF)} and \emph{string frame(SF)}. We also compute area(or entropy) product, area(or entropy) sum of the said BH in EF as well as SF. In the EF, we observe that the area(or entropy) product is \emph{ universal}, whereas area (or entropy) sum is \emph{not} universal. On the other hand, in the SF, area(or entropy) product and area(or entropy) sum don't have any universal behavior because they all are depends on ADM(Arnowitt-Deser-Misner) mass parameter. We also verify that the \emph{first law} is satisfied at the Cauchy horizon(CH) as well as event horizon(EH). In addition, we also compute other thermodynamic products and sums in the EF as well as in the SF. We further compute the \emph{Smarr mass formula} and \emph{Christodoulou's irreducible mass formula} for Sen BH. Moreover, we compute the area bound and entropy bound for both the horizons. The upper area bound for EH is actually the Penrose like inequality, which is the first geometric inequality in BHs. Furthermore, we compute the central charges of the left and right moving sectors of the dual CFT in Sen/CFT correspondence using thermodynamic relations. These thermodynamic relations on the multi-horizons give us further understanding the microscopic nature of BH entropy(both interior and exterior).

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arXiv2016

Area(or Entropy) Product Formula for a Regular Black Hole

We compute the area(or entropy) product formula for a regular black hole derived by Ayón-Beato and García in 1998\cite{abg}. By explicit and exact calculation, it is shown that the entropy product formula of two physical horizons strictly \emph{depends} upon the ADM mass parameter that means it is \emph{not} an universal(mass-independent) quantity. But a slightly more complicated function of event horizon area and Cauchy horizon area is indeed a \emph{mass-independent} quantity. We also compute other thermodynamic properties of the said black hole. We further study the stability of such black hole by computing the specific heat for both the horizons. It has been observed that under certain condition the black hole possesses second order phase transition. The pictorial diagram of the phase transition is given.

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arXiv2015

Entropy Product Formula for spinning BTZ Black Hole

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of inner and outer horizons in the background of spinning BTZ(Bañados,Teitelboim and Zanelli) black hole. We compute the \emph{horizon radii product, the entropy product, the surface temperature product, the Komar energy product and the specific heat product} for both the horizons. We observe that the entropy product is \emph{universal}(mass-independent), whereas the surface temperature product, Komar energy product and specific heat product are \emph{not universal} because they all depends on mass parameter. We also show that the \emph{First law} of black hole thermodynamics and \emph {Smarr-Gibbs-Duhem } relations hold for inner horizon as well as outer horizon. The Christodoulou-Ruffini mass formula is derived for both the horizons. We further study the \emph{stability} of such black hole by computing the specific heat for both the horizons. It has been observed that under certain condition the black hole possesses \emph{second order phase transition}.

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arXiv2015

Thermodynamic Relations for Kiselev and Dilaton Black Hole

We investigate the thermodynamics and phase transition for Kiselev black hole and dilaton black hole. Specifically we consider Reissner Nordstrom black hole surrounded by radiation and dust, and Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence, as special cases of Kiselev solution. We have calculated the products relating the surface gravities, surface temperatures, Komar energies, areas, entropies, horizon radii and the irreducible masses at the Cauchy and the event horizons. It is observed that the product of surface gravities, surface temperature product and product of Komar energies at the horizons are not universal quantities for the Kiselev solutions while products of areas and entropies at both the horizons are independent of mass of the above mentioned black holes (except for Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence). For charged dilaton black hole, all the products vanish. First law of thermodynamics is also verified for Kiselev solutions. Heat capacities are calculated and phase transitions are observed, under certain conditions.

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arXiv2015

Thermodynamic Product Formula for Taub-NUT Black Hole

We derive various important thermodynamic relations of the inner and outer horizon in the background of Taub-NUT(Newman-Unti-Tamburino) black hole in four dimensional \emph{Lorentzian geometry}. We compare these properties with the properties of Reissner Nordstrøm black hole. We compute \emph{area product, area sum, area minus and area division} of black hole horizons. We show that they all are not universal quantities. Based on these relations, we compute the area bound of all horizons. From area bound, we derive entropy bound and irreducible mass bound for both the horizons. We further study the stability of such black hole by computing the specific heat for both the horizons. It is shown that due to negative specific heat the black hole is thermodynamically unstable. All these calculations might be helpful to understanding the nature of black hole entropy both \emph{interior} and exterior at the microscopic level.

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arXiv2015

Area Products and Mass Formula for Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT Space-time

We derive area product, entropy product, area sum and entropy sum of the event horizon and Cauchy horizons for Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT(Newman-Unti-Tamburino) black hole in four dimensional \emph{Lorentzian geometry}. We observe that these thermodynamic products are \emph{not} universal(mass-independence) for this black hole(BH), whereas for Kerr-Newman(KN) BH such products are universal (mass-independence). We also examine the entropy sum and area sum. It is shown that they all are depends on mass, charge and NUT parameter of the back ground space-time. Thus we can conclude that the universal(mass-independence) behaviour of area product and entropy product, area sum and entropy sum for Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT(KNTN) BH fails and which is also quite different from KN BH. We further show that the KNTN BH do not possess \emph{first law of BH thermodynamics } and \emph {Smarr-Gibbs-Duhem } relations, and that such relations are unlikely in the KN case. The failure of these aforementioned features are due to presence of the non-trivial NUT charge which makes the space-time to be asymptotically non-flat, in contrast with KN BH. The another reason of the failure is that Lorentzian KNTN geometry contains \emph{Dirac-Misner type singularity}, which is a manifestation of a non-trivial topological twist of the manifold. The BH \emph{mass formula} and \emph{Christodoulou-Ruffini mass formula} for KNTN black holes are also derived. Finally, we compute the area bound which is just Penrose like inequality for event horizon. From area bound we derive entropy bound. These thermodynamic products on the multi horizon playing a crucial role in BH thermodynamics to understand the microscopic nature of BH entropy.

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arXiv2015

Circular Geodesics in the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT Space-time

In this paper we investigate the equatorial causal (time-like and null) circular geodesics of the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT(Newman-Unti-Tamburino) black hole in four dimensional Lorentzian geometry. The special characteristics of this black hole is that it is of \emph{Petrov-Pirani type D} and the photon trajectories are \emph{doubly degenerate principal null congruence}. We derive the conditions for existence of innermost stable circular orbit, marginally bound circular orbit and circular photon orbit in the background of Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT(KNTN) space-time. The effective potential for both time-like case and null cases have been studied. It is shown that the \emph{presence of the NUT parameter deforms the shape of the effective potential in contrast with the zero NUT parameter}. We further investigate the energy extraction by the Penrose process for this space-time. It is shown that the efficiency of this black hole depends on both the charge and NUT parameter. It is observed that the energy gain is maximum when NUT parameter goes to zero value and for the maximum spin value. When the value of NUT parameter is increasing the energy-gain is decreasing.

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arXiv2015

Horizon Straddling ISCOs in Spherically Symmetric String Black Holes

The causal geodesics in the equatorial plane of a static extremal charged black holes in heterotic string theory are examined with regard to their geodesic stability, and compared with similar geodesics in the non-extremal situation. Extremization of the effective potential for time-like and null circular geodesics implies that in the extremal limit, the radius of ISCO(Inner-most Stable Circular Orbit) $(r_{ISCO})$, circular photon orbit (CPO) $(r_{ph})$ and marginally bound circular orbit (MBCO) $(r_{mb})$ are coincident with the event horizon $(r_{hor})$ i.e. $r_{ISCO}=r_{ph}=r_{mb}=r_{hor}=2M$. Since the proper radial distance on a constant time slice both in Schwarzschild and Painlevé-Gullstrand coordinates become zero, thus these three orbits indeed coincide with the \emph{null geodesic generators of the event horizon}. This strange behavior is quite different from the static, spherically symmetric extremal Reissner Nordstrøm black hole.

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arXiv2015

Thermodynamic Product Formula for Hořava Lifshitz Black Hole

We examine the thermodynamic properties of inner and outer horizons in the background of Hořava Lifshitz black hole. We compute the \emph{horizon radii product, the surface area product, the entropy product, the surface temperature product, the Komar energy product and the specific heat product} for both the horizons of said black hole. We show that surface area product, entropy product and irreducible mass product are \emph{universal} quantities, whereas the surface temperature product, Komar energy product and specific heat product are \emph{not universal} quantities because they all are depends on mass parameter. We also observe that the \emph{First law} of black hole thermodynamics and \emph {Smarr-Gibbs-Duhem } relations do not hold for this black hole. The underlying reason behind this failure due to the scale invariance of the coupling constant. We further derive the \emph{Smarr mass formula} and \emph{Christodolou-Ruffini mass formula} for such black hole spacetime. Moreover we study the stability of such black hole by computing the specific heat for both the horizons. It has been observed that under certain condition the black hole possesses second order phase transition.

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arXiv2014

Regular Black Holes as Particle Accelerators

We investigate the possibility of arbitrarily high energy in the center of mass(CM) frame of colliding particles in the vicinity of the infinite red-shift surface of the spherically symmetric, static charged regular black holes (Bardeen black hole, Ayón-Beato and García black hole, and Hayward black hole). We show that the CM energy of colliding particles near the infinite red-shift surface of the \emph{extreme} regular black holes are arbitrarily large while the non-extreme regular black holes have the finite energy. We also compute the equation of innermost stable circular orbit(ISCO), marginally bound circular orbit(MBCO) and circular photon orbit(CPO) of the above regular black holes, which are most relevant to black hole accretion disk theory.

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arXiv2014

Charged Dilation Black Holes as Particle Accelerators

We examine the possibility of arbitrarily high energy in the Center-of-mass(CM) frame of colliding neutral particles in the vicinity of the horizon of a charged dilation black hole(BH). We show that it is possible to achieve the infinite energy in the background of the dilation black hole without fine-tuning of the angular momentum parameter. It is found that the CM energy $({\cal E}_{cm})$ of collisions of particles near the infinite red-shift surface of the extreme dilation BHs are arbitrarily large while the non-extreme charged dilation BHs have the finite energy. We have also compared the ${\cal E}_{cm}$ at the horizon with the ISCO(Innermost Stable Circular Orbit) and MBCO (Marginally Bound Circular Orbit) for extremal Reissner-Nordstrøm(RN) BH and Schwarzschild BH. We find that for extreme RN BH the inequality becomes ${\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{+}}>{\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{mb}}> {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{ISCO}}$ i.e. ${\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{+}=M}: {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{mb}=\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)M} : {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{ISCO}=4M} =\infty : 3.23 : 2.6 $. While for Schwarzschild BH the ratio of CM energy is ${\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{+}=2M}: {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{mb}=4M} : {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{ISCO}=6M} = \sqrt{5} : \sqrt{2} : \frac{\sqrt{13}}{3}$. Also for Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GMGHS) BHs, the ratio is being ${\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{+}=2M}: {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{mb}=2M} : {\cal E}_{cm}\mid_{r_{ISCO}=2M} =\infty : \infty : \infty$.

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arXiv2014

Black Hole Interior Mass Formula

We argue by explicit computations that, although the area product, horizon radii product, entropy product and \emph {irreducible mass product} of the event horizon and Cauchy horizon are universal, the \emph{surface gravity product}, \emph{surface temperature product} and \emph{Komar energy product} of the said horizons do not seem to be universal for Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole space-time. We show the black hole mass formula on the \emph{Cauchy horizon} following the seminal work by Smarr\cite{smarr} for the outer horizon. We also prescribed the \emph{four} laws of black hole mechanics for the \emph{inner horizon}. New definition of the extremal limit of a black hole is discussed.

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arXiv2014

String Black Holes as Particle Accelerators to Arbitrarily High Energy

We show that an extremal Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole may act as a particle accelerator with arbitrarily high energy when two uncharged particles falling freely from rest to infinity on the near horizon. We show that the center of mass energy of collision independent of the extreme fine tuning of the angular momentum of the colliding particles. We further show that the center of mass energy of collisions of particles at the ISCO ($r_{ISCO}$) or at the photon orbit ($r_{ph}$) or at the marginally bound circular orbit ($r_{mb}$) i.e. at $r \equiv r_{ISCO}=r_{ph}=r_{mb}=2M$ could be arbitrarily large for the aforementioned spacetimes, which is different from Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrøm spcetimes. For non-extremal GMGHS spacetimes the CM energy is finite and depends upon the asymptotic value of the dilation field ($ϕ_{0}$).

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arXiv2013

Extremal Limits and Kerr Spacetime

The fact that one must evaluate the near-extremal and near-horizon limits of Kerr space-time in a specific order, is shown to a lead to discontinuity in the extremal limit, such that this limiting space-time differs nontrivially from the precisely extremal space-time. This is established by first showing a discontinuity in the extremal limit of the maximal analytic extension of the Kerr geometry, given by Carter. Next, we examine the ISCO of the exactly extremal Kerr geometry and show that on the event horizon of the extremal Kerr black hole, it coincides with the principal null geodesic generator of the horizon, having vanishing energy and angular momentum. We find that there is no such ISCO in the near-extremal geometry, thus garnering additional support for our primary contention. We relate this disparity between the two geometries to the lack of a trapping horizon in the extremal situation.

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arXiv2010

Circular Orbits in Extremal Reissner Nordstrom Spacetimes

Circular null geodesic orbits, in extremal Reissner-Nordstrom spacetimes, are examined with regard to their stability, and compared with similar orbits in the near-extremal situation. Extremization of the effective potential for null circular orbits shows the existence of a stable circular geodesic in the extremal spacetime, precisely {\it on} the event horizon, which coincides with its null geodesic generator. Such an orbit also emerges as a global minimum of the effective potential for circular {\it timelike} orbits. This type of geodesic is of course absent in the corresponding near-extremal spacetime, as we show here, testifying to differences between the extremal limit of a generic RN spacetime and the exactly extremal geometry.

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