arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Patrick Gérard.
We construct inverse spectral theory for finite rank Hankel operators acting on the Hardy space of the upper half-plane. A particular feature of our theory is that we completely characterise the set of spectral data. As an application of this theory, we prove the genericity of turbulent solutions of the cubic Szegő equation on the real line.
In this paper, we study the transfer of energy from low to high frequencies for a family of damped Szegö equations. The cubic Szegö equation has been introduced as a toy model for a totally non-dispersive degenerate Hamiltonian equation. It is a completely integrable system which develops growth of high Sobolev norms, detecting transfer of energy and hence cascades phenomena. Here, we consider a two-parameter family of variants of the cubic Szegö equation and prove that adding a damping term unexpectedly promotes the existence of turbulent cascades. Furthermore, we give a panorama of the dynamics for such equations on a six-dimensional submanifold.
We investigate the spectrum of the Lax operator $L_u$ of the Benjamin-Ono equation on the torus for complex valued potentials $u$ in the Sobolev space $H^{-s}(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{C})$, $0 \le s < 1/2$, with small imaginary part and prove analytic properties of the moment map, defined in terms of spectral data of $L_u$.
We prove smoothing properties of the solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation in the Sobolev space $H^{s}(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{R})$ for any $s\ge 0$. To this end we show that Tao's gauge transform is a high frequency approximation of the nonlinear Fourier transform $Φ$ for the Benjamin-Ono equation, constructed in our previous work. The results of this paper are manifestations of the quasi-linear character of the Benjamin-Ono equation.
In this paper, we survey our recent results on the Benjamin-Ono equation on the torus. As an application of the methods developed we construct large families of periodic or quasiperiodic solutions, which are not $C^\infty$-smooth.
For the damped wave equation on a compact manifold with {\em continuous} dampings, the geometric control condition is necessary and sufficient for {uniform} stabilisation. In this article, on the two dimensional torus, in the special case where $a(x) = \sum\_{j=1}^N a\_j 1\_{x\in R\_j}$ ($R\_j$ are polygons), we give a very simple necessary and sufficient geometric condition for uniform stabilisation. We also propose a natural generalization of the geometric control condition which makes sense for $L^\infty$ dampings. We show that this condition is always necessary for uniform stabilisation (for any compact (smooth) manifold and any $L^\infty$ damping), and we prove that it is sufficient in our particular case on $\mathbb{T}^2$ (and for our particular dampings).
We consider the half-wave maps equation $$ \partial_t \vec{S} = \vec{S} \wedge |\nabla| \vec{S}, $$ where $\vec{S}= \vec{S}(t,x)$ takes values on the two-dimensional unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^2$ and $x \in \mathbb{R}$ (real line case) or $x \in \mathbb{T}$ (periodic case). This an energy-critical Hamiltonian evolution equation recently introduced in \cite{LS,Zh}, which formally arises as an effective evolution equation in the classical and continuum limit of Haldane-Shastry quantum spin chains. We prove that the half-wave maps equation admits a Lax pair and we discuss some analytic consequences of this finding. As a variant of our arguments, we also obtain a Lax pair for the half-wave maps equation with target $\mathbb{H}^2$ (hyperbolic plane).
We study dynamical properties of the cubic lowest Landau level equation, which is used in the modeling of fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. We obtain bounds on the decay of general stationary solutions. We then provide a classification of stationary waves with a finite number of zeros. Finally, we are able to establish which of these stationary waves are stable, through a variational analysis.
We consider the focusing cubic half-wave equation on the real line $$i \partial_t u + |D| u = |u|^2 u, \ \ \widehat{|D|u}(ξ)=|ξ|\hat{u}(ξ), \ \ (t,x)\in \Bbb R_+\times \Bbb R.$$ We construct an asymptotic global-in-time compact two-soliton solution with arbitrarily small $L^2$-norm which exhibits the following two regimes: (i) a transient turbulent regime characterized by a dramatic and explicit growth of its $H^1$-norm on a finite time interval, followed by (ii) a saturation regime in which the $H^1$-norm remains stationary large forever in time.
We derive an explicit formula for the general solution of the cubic Szegö equation and of the evolution equation of the corresponding hierarchy. As an application, we prove that all the solutions corresponding to finite rank Hankel operators are quasiperiodic.
We study the evolution of Wigner measures of a family of solutions of a Schrödinger equation with a scalar potential displaying a conical singularity. Under a genericity assumption, classical trajectories exist and are unique, thus the question of the propagation of Wigner measures along these trajectories becomes relevant. We prove the propagation for general initial data.
We continue the study of the following Hamiltonian equation on the Hardy space of the circle, $$i\partial _tu=Π(|u|^2u)\ ,$$ where $Π$ denotes the Szegö projector. This equation can be seen as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. In a previous work, we proved that this equation admits a Lax pair, and that it is completely integrable. In this paper, we construct the action-angle variables, which reduces the explicit resolution of the equation to a diagonalisation problem. As a consequence, we solve an inverse spectral problem for Hankel operators. Moreover, we establish the stability of the corresponding invariant tori. Furthermore, from the explicit formulae, we deduce the classification of orbitally stable and unstable traveling waves.
We study the Schrödinger-Poisson system on the unit sphere $\SS^2$ of $\RR^3$, modeling the quantum transport of charged particles confined on a sphere by an external potential. Our first results concern the Cauchy problem for this system. We prove that this problem is regularly well-posed on every $H^s(\SS ^2)$ with $s>0$, and not uniformly well-posed on $L^2(\SS ^2)$. The proof of well-posedness relies on multilinear Strichartz estimates, the proof of ill-posedness relies on the construction of a counterexample which concentrates exponentially on a closed geodesic. In a second part of the paper, we prove that this model can be obtained as the limit of the three dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson system, singularly perturbed by an external potential that confines the particles in the vicinity of the sphere.
This paper revisits a homogenization problem studied by L. Tartar related to a tridimensional Stokes equation perturbed by a drift (connected to the Coriolis force). Here, a scalar equation and a two-dimensional Stokes equation with a $L^2$-bounded oscillating drift are considered. Under higher integrability conditions the Tartar approach based on the oscillations test functions method applies and leads to a limit equation with an extra zero-order term. When the drift is only assumed to be equi-integrable in $L^2$, the same limit behaviour is obtained. However, the lack of integrability makes difficult the direct use of the Tartar method. A new method in the context of homogenization theory is proposed. It is based on a parametrix of the Laplace operator which permits to write the solution of the equation as a solution of a fixed point problem, and to use truncated functions even in the vector-valued case. On the other hand, two counter-examples which induce different homogenized zero-order terms actually show the optimality of the equi-integrability assumption.
We consider the following Hamiltonian equation on the $L^2$ Hardy space on the circle, $$i\partial_tu=Π(|u|^2u) ,$$ where $Π$ is the Szegö projector. This equation can be seen as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. We display a Lax pair structure for this equation. We prove that it admits an infinite sequence of conservation laws in involution, and that it can be approximated by a sequence of finite dimensional completely integrable Hamiltonian systems. We establish several instability phenomena illustrating the degeneracy of this completely integrable structure. We also classify the traveling waves for this system.