arXiv subjects

Patrick Sprenger

Publications and source records attributed to Patrick Sprenger.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Dry dam-break over parabolic bathymetry

Motivated by dry dambreak flows, a perturbative framework for solving the 1D shallow water equations (SWE) over parabolic bathymetry, together with the inviscid Burgers' equation, is developed. Expressed in Riemann variables, the solutions are expanded as analytic power series in the bathymetric curvature $\omega^2$ and summed in closed form in terms of trigonometric functions. The solutions, termed generalised rarefaction waves (GRWs), exhibit finite-time singularities and are shown to describe the asymptotic behaviour of the fluid near dry (vacuum) points. The GRWs bear direct relevance to wave run-up at a shore. A repulsive parabolic hill bathymetry is also considered, yielding solutions in terms of hyperbolic functions. The connection to the nonlinear Schr\"odinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equation that models Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a harmonic potential is discussed. The analytical results agree with direct numerical simulations of the Burgers' equation and of the SWE in different scenarios.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2026

Recovery of directional wave spectrum from sparse data with compressed sensing

Compressed sensing provides an efficient framework for reconstructing wave signals from reduced measurements. For multi-channel buoy data, the three displacement components exhibit intrinsic correlations, as wave motion contributes simultaneously to all directions according to linear wave theory. Meanwhile, conventional compressed sensing methods based on $\ell_1$-shrinkage tend to underestimate signal energy when sparsity is not strictly satisfied, leading to biased spectral estimation. This paper introduces a group sparsity constraint to promote physically consistent sparse representations across channels. An energy constraint is proposed in the form of a soft lower bound, enabling an isotropic rescaling of the recovered spectrum while preserving its sparse structure. Considering a large volume of buoy data, we demonstrate through a series of experiments that the proposed approach enables compression by retaining a subset of original measurements.

physics.geo-ph↗

arXiv2026

Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with a complex Wadati potential

Stationary solutions asymptoting to nonlinear plane waves of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with a PT-symmetric, complex linear potential are characterized. The potential includes both a spatially varying gain-loss profile and a repulsive real part, generated by a Wadati potential function,that support the existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions that asymptote to the same or different, respectively, nonlinear plane waves in the far field. Asymptotic analysis and numerical simulations are used to examine solution existence, bifurcations, and structure. Such solutions play an important role in resonant nonlinear wave generation of dispersive media with localized gain and loss.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2026

Heteroclinic connections between finite-amplitude periodic orbits emerging from a codimension two singularity

Heteroclinic connections between two distinct hyperbolic periodic orbits in conservative systems are important in a wide range of applications. On the other hand, it is theoretically challenging to find large amplitude connections from scratch and compute them numerically. In this paper, we use a codimension two singularity, in a family of periodic orbits, as an organizing center for the emergence of heteroclinic connections. A normal form is derived whose unfolding produces two distinct finite amplitude periodic orbits with an explicit heteroclinic connection. We also construct heteroclinic connections far from the singularity by numerical continuation, using two numerical strategies: shooting and the core-farfield decomposition. A key geometric tool in the numerics is cylindrical foliations for the stable and unstable manifolds and their intersection. We introduce a new property of heteroclinic connections - the action - and show it is an invariant along foliations, it has a jump at a surface of section, and it appears in a central way in the normal form theory. We find that the difference in asymptotic phase between minus and plus infinity is also a key property. The theory is applied to the Swift-Hohenberg equation, the nonlinear Schrodinger with fourth order dispersion, and coupled Boussinesq equations from water waves, all of which have an energy and action conservation law.

math.DS↗

arXiv2025

Breaking a superfluid harmonic dam: Observation and theory of Riemann invariants and accelerating sonic horizons

An experimental and theoretical study of sonic horizons emerging from the dam-break problem in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an anisotropic harmonic trap is presented. Measurements, analysis, and numerics reveal the formation of a sonic horizon that undergoes acceleration due to harmonic confinement. The superfluid is characterized using a robust measurement technique to determine Riemann invariants. Experimental observations agree with an analytical solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and computations. The collision and annihilation between two sonic horizons at long times is predicted.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2024

Hydrodynamics of a Discrete Conservation Law

The Riemann problem for the discrete conservation law $2 \dot{u}_n + u^2_{n+1} - u^2_{n-1} = 0$ is classified using Whitham modulation theory, a quasi-continuum approximation, and numerical simulations. A surprisingly elaborate set of solutions to this simple discrete regularization of the inviscid Burgers' equation is obtained. In addition to discrete analogues of well-known dispersive hydrodynamic solutions -- rarefaction waves (RWs) and dispersive shock waves (DSWs) -- additional unsteady solution families and finite time blow-up are observed. Two solution types exhibit no known conservative continuum correlates: (i) a counterpropagating DSW and RW solution separated by a symmetric, stationary shock and (ii) an unsteady shock emitting two counter-propagating periodic wavetrains with the same frequency connected to a partial DSW or a RW. Another class of solutions called traveling DSWs, (iii), consists of a partial DSW connected to a traveling wave comprised of a periodic wavetrain with a rapid transition to a constant. Portions of solutions (ii) and (iii) are interpreted as shock solutions of the Whitham modulation equations.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2023

Whitham modulation theory and two-phase instabilities for generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations with full dispersion

The generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with full dispersion (FDNLS) is considered in the semiclassical regime. The Whitham modulation equations are obtained for the FDNLS equation with general linear dispersion and a generalized, local nonlinearity. Assuming the existence of a four-parameter family of two-phase solutions, a multiple-scales approach yields a system of four independent, first order, quasi-linear conservation laws of hydrodynamic type that correspond to the slow evolution of the two wavenumbers, mass, and momentum of modulated periodic traveling waves. The modulation equations are further analyzed in the dispersionless and weakly nonlinear regimes. The ill-posedness of the dispersionless equations corresponds to the classical criterion for modulational instability (MI). For modulations of linear waves, ill-posedness coincides with the generalized MI criterion, recently identified by Amiranashvili and Tobisch (New J. Phys. 21 (2019)). A new instability index is identified by the transition from real to complex characteristics for the weakly nonlinear modulation equations. This instability is associated with long-wavelength modulations of nonlinear two-phase wavetrains and can exist even when the corresponding one-phase wavetrain is stable according to the generalized MI criterion. Another interpretation is that, while infinitesimal perturbations of a periodic wave may not grow, small but finite amplitude perturbations may grow, hence this index identifies a nonlinear instability mechanism for one-phase waves. Classifications of instability indices for multiple FDNLS equations with higher order dispersion, including applications to finite depth water waves and the discrete NLS equation are presented and compared with direct numerical simulations.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2022

The Kawahara Equation: Traveling Wave Solutions Joining Periodic Waves

The Kawahara equation is a weakly nonlinear long-wave model of dispersive waves that emerges when leading order dispersive effects are in balance with the next order correction. Traveling wave solutions of the Kawahara equation satisfy a fourth-order ordinary differential equation in which the traveling wave speed is a parameter. The fourth order equation has Hamiltonian structure and admits a two-parameter family of single-phase periodic solutions with varying speed and Hamiltonian. A set of jump conditions is derived for pairs of periodic solutions with equal speed and Hamiltonian. These are necessary conditions for the existence of traveling waves that asymptote to the periodic orbits at $\pm \infty$. Bifurcation theory and parameter continuation are used to construct multiple solution branches of the jump conditions. For each pair of compatible periodic solutions, the heteroclinic orbit representing the traveling wave is constructed from the intersection of stable and unstable manifolds of the periodic orbits. Each branch terminates at an equilibrium-to-periodic solution in which the equilibrium is the background for a solitary wave that connects to the associated periodic solution.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2021

Whitham modulation theory for generalized Whitham equations and a general criterion for modulational instability

The Whitham equation was proposed as a model for surface water waves that combines the quadratic flux nonlinearity $f(u) = \tfrac{1}{2}u^2$ of the Korteweg-de Vries equation and the full linear dispersion relation $Ω(k) = \sqrt{k\tanh k}$ of uni-directional gravity water waves in suitably scaled variables. This paper proposes and analyzes a generalization of Whitham's model to unidirectional nonlinear wave equations consisting of a general nonlinear flux function $f(u)$ and a general linear dispersion relation $Ω(k)$. Assuming the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions to this generalized Whitham equation, their slow modulations are studied in the context of Whitham modulation theory. A multiple scales calculation yields the modulation equations, a system of three conservation laws that describe the slow evolution of the periodic traveling wave's wavenumber, amplitude, and mean. In the weakly nonlinear limit, explicit, simple criteria in terms of general $f(u)$ and $Ω(k)$ establishing the strict hyperbolicity and genuine nonlinearity of the modulation equations are determined. This result is interpreted as a generalized Lighthill-Whitham criterion for modulational instability.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2019

Discontinuous shock solutions of the Whitham modulation equations as dispersionless limits of traveling waves

Whitham modulation theory describes the zero dispersion limit of nonlinear waves by a system of conservation laws for the parameters of modulated periodic traveling waves. Here, admissible, discontinuous, weak solutions of the Whitham modulation equations--termed Whitham shocks--are identified with zero dispersion limits of traveling wave solutions to higher order dispersive partial differential equations (PDEs). The far-field behavior of the traveling wave solutions satisfies the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Generally, the numerically computed traveling waves represent heteroclinic connections between two periodic orbits of an ordinary differential equation. The focus here is on the fifth order Korteweg-de Vries equation. The three admissible one-parameter families of Whitham shocks are used as solution components for the generalized Riemann problem of the Whitham modulation equations. Admissible KdV5-Whitham shocks are generally undercompressive, i.e., all characteristic families pass through the shock. The heteroclinic traveling waves that limit to admissible Whitham shocks are found to be ubiquitous in numerical simulations of smoothed step initial conditions for other higher order dispersive equations including the Kawahara equation (with third and fifth order dispersion) and a nonlocal model of weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary waves with full dispersion. Whitham shocks are linked to recent studies of nonlinear higher order dispersive waves in optics and ultracold atomic gases. The approach presented here provides a novel method for constructing new traveling wave solutions to dispersive nonlinear wave equations and a framework to identify physically relevant, admissible shock solutions of the Whitham modulation equations.

nlin.PS↗

arXiv2018

Magnonic Band Structure Established by Chiral Spin-Density Waves in Thin Film Ferromagnets

Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated the possibility to excite and sustain noncollinear magnetization states in ferromagnetic nanowires. The resulting state is referred to as a spin-density wave (SDW). SDWs can be interpreted as hydrodynamic states with a constant fluid density and fluid velocity in systems with easy-plane anisotropy. Here, we consider the effect of the nonlocal dipole field arising from the finite thickness of magnetic thin films on the spatial profile of the SDW and on the associated magnon dispersion. Utilizing a hydrodynamic formulation of the Larmor torque equation, it is found that the nonlocal dipole field modulates the fluid velocity. Such a modulation induces a magnonic band structure unlike the typical dispersion relation for magnons on uniform magnetization. The analytical results are validated by micromagnetic simulations. Band gaps on the order of GHz are numerically observed to depend on the SDW fluid velocity and film thickness for realistic material parameters. The presented results suggest that SDWs can find applications as reconfigurable magnonic crystals.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2017

Observation of Self-Cavitating Envelope Dispersive Shock Waves in Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films

The formation and properties of envelope dispersive shock wave (DSW) excitations from repulsive nonlinear waves in a magnetic film are studied. Experiments involve the excitation of a spin-wave step pulse in a low-loss magnetic Y$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$ thin film strip, in which the spin-wave amplitude increases rapidly, realizing the canonical Riemann problem of shock theory. Under certain conditions, the envelope of the spin-wave pulse evolves into a DSW that consists of an expanding train of nonlinear oscillations with amplitudes increasing from front to back, terminated by a black soliton. The onset of DSW self-cavitation, indicated by a point of zero power and a concomitant 180 phase jump, is observed for sufficiently large steps, indicative of the bidirectional dispersive hydrodynamic nature of the DSW. The experimental observations are interpreted with theory and simulations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2016

Shock waves in dispersive hydrodynamics with non-convex dispersion

Dissipationless hydrodynamics regularized by dispersion describe a number of physical media including water waves, nonlinear optics, and Bose-Einstein condensates. As in the classical theory of hyperbolic equations where a non-convex flux leads to non-classical solution structures, a non-convex linear dispersion relation provides an intriguing dispersive hydrodynamic analogue. Here, the fifth order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, also known as the Kawahara equation, a classical model for shallow water waves, is shown to be a universal model of Eulerian hydrodynamics with higher order dispersive effects. Utilizing asymptotic methods and numerical computations, this work classifies the long-time behavior of solutions for step-like initial data. For convex dispersion, the result is a dispersive shock wave (DSW), qualitatively and quantitatively bearing close resemblance to the KdV DSW. For non-convex dispersion, three distinct dynamic regimes are observed. For small jumps, a perturbed KdV DSW with positive polarity and orientation is generated, accompanied by small amplitude radiation from an embedded solitary wave leading edge, termed a radiating DSW or RDSW. For moderate jumps, a crossover regime is observed with waves propagating forward and backward from the sharp transition region. For jumps exceeding a critical threshold, a new type of DSW is observed we term a translating DSW or TDSW. The TDSW consists of a traveling wave that connects a partial, non-monotonic, negative solitary wave at the trailing edge to an interior nonlinear periodic wave. Its speed, a generalized Rankine-Hugoniot jump condition, is determined by the far-field structure of the traveling wave. The TDSW is resolved at the leading edge by a harmonic wavepacket moving with the linear group velocity. The non-classical TDSW exhibits features common to both dissipative and dispersive shock waves.

nlin.PS↗