arXiv subjects

Paul Bierden

Publications and source records attributed to Paul Bierden.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The final design of GMagAO-X: high-contrast imaging at first-light of the GMT

GMagAO-X will be the first-light high-contrast imager on the 25 m Giant Magellan Telescope. The driving science case for GMagAO-X is characterization of the atmospheres of nearby rocky exoplanets such as Proxima Centauri b. The revolutionary increase in spatial resolution and sensitivity provided by GMagAO-X will enable detailed study of such planets for the first time. Additional science cases include: reflected light characterization of mature giant planets; measurement of young extrasolar giant planet variability; characterization of circumstellar disks at unprecedented spatial resolution; characterization of benchmark stellar atmospheres at high spectral resolution; and mapping of resolved objects such as giant stars and asteroids. These, and many more, science cases will be enabled by a 21,000 actuator extreme adaptive optics (ExAO) system, an integrated coronagraphic wavefront control system with dedicated deformable mirrors, and a suite of imagers and spectrographs. Science-driven performance requirements for GMagAO-X include achieving a Strehl ratio of 70% at 800 nm on 8th mag and brighter stars, and exoplanet characterization at planet:star flux-ratios of 1e-7 at 4 lambda/D (26 mas at 800 nm) separation. GMagAO-X has been added to the GMT project baseline plan and is in the final design phase, aiming to complete FDR in March, 2027. The instrument is on track to be ready at first-light of the GMT in the mid 2030s. We provide a brief update of the instrument designed to achieve our ambitious performance targets.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2023

Random Vibration Testing of Microelectromechanical Deformable Mirrors for Space-based High-Contrast Imaging

Space-based stellar coronagraph instruments aim to directly image exoplanets that are a fraction of an arcsecond separation and ten billion times fainter than their host star. To achieve this, one or more deformable mirrors (DMs) are used in concert with coronagraph masks to control the wavefront and minimize diffracted starlight in a region of the image known as the ``dark zone" or ``dark hole." The DMs must have a high number of actuators (50 to 96 across) to allow dark holes that are large enough to image a range of desired exoplanet separations. In addition, the surfaces of the DMs must be controlled at the picometer level to enable the required contrast. Any defect in the mechanical structure of the DMs or electronic system could significantly impact the scientific potential of the mission. Thus, NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP) procured two 50$\times$50 microelectromechanical (MEMS) DMs manufactured by Boston Micromachines Corporation (BMC) to test their robustness to the vibrational environment that the DMs will be exposed to during launch. The DMs were subjected to a battery of functional and high-contrast imaging tests before and after exposure to flight-like random vibrations. The DMs did not show any significant functional nor performance degradation at $10^{-8}$ contrast levels.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2017

Laboratory demonstration of a cryogenic deformable mirror for wavefront correction of space-borne infrared telescopes

This paper demonstrates a cryogenic deformable mirror (DM) with 1,020 actuators based on micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Cryogenic space-borne infrared telescopes can experience a wavefront error due to a figure error of their mirror surface, which makes the imaging performance worse. For on-orbit wavefront correction as one solution, we developed a MEMS-processed electro-static DM with a special surrounding structure for use under the cryogenic temperature. We conducted a laboratory demonstration of its operation in three cooling cycles between 5 K and 295 K. Using a laser interferometer, we detected the deformation corresponding to the applied voltages under the cryogenic temperature for the first time. The relationship between voltages and displacements was qualitatively expressed by the quadratic function, which is assumed based on the principle of electro-static DMs. We also found that it had a high operating repeatability of a few nm RMS and no significant hysteresis. Using the measured values of repeatability, we simulated the improvement of PSF by wavefront correction with our DM. These results show that our developed DM is effective in improving imaging performance and PSF contrast of space-borne infrared telescopes.

astro-ph.IM↗