arXiv subjects

Paul F. Henry

Publications and source records attributed to Paul F. Henry.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Crystallization of pristine cubic ice from liquid at ambient pressure

The phase diagram of frozen water is famously rich: to date, over twenty crystalline polymorphs have been identified. Of the low-pressure 'ice I' family, hexagonal (Ih) is the principal form on Earth, while cubic (Ic) is much more elusive. Fundamental questions remain open as to whether cubic ice Ic can form directly from the liquid state, its thermodynamic stability and natural occurrence. Here we show that pristine cubic ice Ic can be formed at atmospheric pressure simply by cooling an aqueous solution confined within mesoporous silica. Using primarily neutron scattering, we show unambiguously that under these conditions, cubic ice Ic forms reproducibly and is the only thermodynamically stable crystalline phase of water. The discovery that cubic ice Ic is directly accessible from the liquid state, and stable at atmospheric pressure, strongly suggests that this polymorph plays a much more significant role in natural and synthetic processes than previously thought.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2021

Spin dynamics of the director state in frustrated hyperkagome systems

We present an experimental study of the magnetic structure and dynamics of two frustrated hyperkagome compounds, Gd3Ga5O12 and Gd3Al5O12. It has previously been shown that Gd3Ga5O12 exhibits long-range correlations of multipolar directors, that are formed from antiferromagnetic spins on loops of ten ions. Using neutron diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo simulations we prove the existence of similar magnetic correlations in Gd3Al5O12, showing the ubiquity of these complex structures in frustrated hyperkagome materials. Using inelastic neutron scattering we shed further light on the director state and the associated low lying magnetic excitations. In addition we have measured quasielastic dynamics that show evidence of spin diffusion. Finally, we present AC susceptibility measurements on both Gd3Ga5O12 and Gd3Al5O12, revealing a large difference in the low frequency dynamics between the two otherwise similar compounds.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2021

Decoupling lattice and magnetic instabilities in frustrated CuMnO$_2$

The $A$MnO$_{2}$ delafossites ($A$=Na, Cu), are model frustrated antiferromagnets, with triangular layers of Mn$^{3+}$~spins. At low temperatures ($T_{N}$=65 K), a $C2/m \rightarrow P\overline{1}$ transition is found in CuMnO$_2$, which breaks frustration and establishes magnetic order. In contrast to this clean transition, $A$=Na only shows short-range distortions at $T_N$. Here we report a systematic crystallographic, spectroscopic, and theoretical investigation of CuMnO$_2$. We show that, even in stoichiometric samples, non-zero anisotropic Cu displacements co-exist with magnetic order. Using X-ray/neutron diffraction and Raman scattering, we show that high pressures acts to decouple these degrees of freedom. This manifests as an isostuctural phase transition at $\sim$10 GPa, with a reversible collapse of the $c$-axis. This is shown to be the high pressure analog of the $c$-axis negative thermal expansion seen at ambient pressure. DFT simulations confirm that dynamical instabilities of the Cu$^{+}$ cations and edge-shared MnO$_{6}$ layers are intertwined at ambient pressure. However, high pressure selectively activates the former, before an eventual predicted re-emergence of magnetism at the highest pressures. Our results show that the lattice dynamics and local structure of CuMnO$_2$ are quantitatively different to non-magnetic Cu delafossites, and raise questions about the role of intrinsic inhomogeniety in frustrated antiferromagnets.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Nanoscale order in the frustrated mixed conductor La$_{5.4}WO$_{12-δ}$

We report a comprehensive investigation of the average and local structure of La$_{5.4}$WO$_{12-δ}$, which has excellent mixed proton, electron and oxide ion conduction suitable for device applications. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction show that a cubic fluorite supercell describes the average structure, with highly disordered lanthanum and oxide positions. On average the tungsten sites are six-fold coordinated, and we detect a trace (4.4(2) %) of anti-site disorder. In addition to sharp Bragg reflections, strong diffuse neutron scattering is observed, which hints at short-range order. We consider plausible local configurations, and show that the defect chemistry implies a simple 'chemical exchange' interaction that favours ordered WO6 octahedra. Our local model is confirmed by synchrotron x-ray pair distribution function analysis and EXAFS experiments performed at the La K and W L3-edges. We show that ordered domains of around ca. 3.5 nm are found, implying that mixed conduction in La$_{5.4}$WO$_{12-δ}$? is associated with a defective glassy-like anion sublattice. The origins of this ground state are proposed to lie in the non-bipartite nature of the fcc lattice and the pairwise interactions which link the orientation of neighbouring octahedral WO6 sites. This 'function through frustration' could provide a means of designing new mixed conductors.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2012

Short-range order of Br and three-dimensional magnetism in (CuBr)LaNb2O7

We present a comprehensive study of the crystal structure, magnetic structure, and microscopic magnetic model of (CuBr)LaNb2O7, the Br analog of the spin-gap quantum magnet (CuCl)LaNb2O7. Despite similar crystal structures and spin lattices, the magnetic behavior and even peculiarities of the atomic arrangement in the Cl and Br compounds are very different. The high-resolution x-ray and neutron data reveal a split position of Br atoms in (CuBr)LaNb2O7. This splitting originates from two possible configurations developed by [CuBr] zigzag ribbons. While the Br atoms are locally ordered in the 'ab' plane, their arrangement along the 'c' direction remains partially disordered. The predominant and energetically more favorable configuration features an additional doubling of the 'c' lattice parameter that was not observed in (CuCl)LaNb2O7. (CuBr)LaNb2O7 undergoes long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at TN=32 K, which is nearly 70% of the leading exchange coupling J4~48 K. The Br compound does not show any experimental signatures of low-dimensional magnetism, because the underlying spin lattice is three-dimensional. The coupling along the 'c' direction is comparable to the couplings in the 'ab' plane, even though the shortest Cu--Cu distance along 'c' (11.69 A) is three times larger than nearest-neighbor distances in the 'ab' plane (3.55 A). The stripe antiferromagnetic long-range order featuring columns of parallel spins in the 'ab' plane and antiparallel spins along 'c' is verified experimentally and confirmed by the microscopic analysis.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2012

Magnetoelastic effects in multiferroic YMnO$_3$

We have investigated magnetoelastic effects in multiferroic YMnO$_3$ below the antiferromagnetic phase transition, $T_N \approx 70$ K, using neutron powder diffraction. The $a$ lattice parameter of the hexagonal unit cell of YMnO$_3$ decreases normally above $T_N$, but decreases anomalously below T$_N$, whereas the $c$ lattice parameter increases with decreasing temperature and then increases anomalously below T$_N$. The unit cell volume also undergoes an anomalous contraction below $T_N$. By fitting the background thermal expansion for a non-magnetic lattice with the Einstein-Grüneisen equation, we determined the lattice strains $Δa$, $Δc$ and $ΔV$ due to the magnetoelastic effects as a function of temperature. We have also determined the temperature variation of the ordered magnetic moment of the Mn ion by fitting the measured Bragg intensities of the nuclear and magnetic reflections with the known crystal and magnetic structure models and have established that the lattice strain due to the magnetoelastic effect in YMnO$_3$ couples with the square of the ordered magnetic moment or the square of the order parameter of the antiferromagnetic phase transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2011

Metamagnetism and soliton excitations in the modulated ferromagnetic Ising chain CoV2O6

We report a combination of physical property and neutron scattering measurements for polycrystalline samples of the one-dimensional spin chain compound CoV2O6. Heat capacity measurements show that an effective S = 1/2 state is found at low temperatures and that magnetic fluctuations persist up to 6.Tn. Above Tn = 6.3 K, measurements of the magnetic susceptibility as a function of T and H show that the nearest neighbour exchange is ferromagnetic. In the ordered state, we have discovered a crossover from a metamagnet with strong fluctuations between 5 K and Tn to a state with a 1/3 magnetisation plateau at 2 < T < 5 K. We use neutron powder diffraction measurements to show that the AFM state has incommensurate long range order and inelastic time of flight neutron scattering to examine the magnetic fluctuations as a function of temperature. Above Tn, we find two broad bands between 3.5 and 5 meV and thermally activated low energy features which correspond to transitions within these bands. These features show that the excitations are deconfined solitons rather than the static spin reversals predicted for a uniform FM Ising spin chain. Below Tn, we find a ladder of states due to the confining effect of the internal field. A region of weak confinement below Tn, but above 5 K, is identified which may correspond to a crossover between 2D and 3D magnetic ordering.

cond-mat.str-el↗