arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Payman Eskandari.
We first give a geometric construction of a 2-dimensional mixed motive over $\mathbb{Q}$ with the Catalan constant $\mathbf{G}=1-1/3^2+1/5^2-1/7^2+\cdots$ as a period. We then use this motive to obtain a supply of linear forms in 1 and $\mathbf{G}$. We also explicitly compute the coefficients of 1 and $\mathbf{G}$ in these linear forms.
Let $A_1, A_2,A_3$ be objects in a neutral tannakian category over a field of characteristic zero. Let $L$ be an extension of $A_2$ by $A_1$, and $N$ an extension of $A_3$ by $A_2$. Let $M$ be a blended extension (extension panachée) of $N$ by $L$. We study the subgroup of the tannakian fundamental group of M that acts trivially on $A_1, A_2$, and $A_3$. We also give an application to the unipotent part of the motivic version of the Hodge conjecture (i.e., the equality of the unipotent radicals of the motivic Galois and Mumford-Tate groups) for Deligne 1-motives.
For each $N\geq 2$, Asakura and Otsubo have recently introduced a smooth family of algebraic curves $\{X_{N,λ}\}_{λ\in \mathbb{P}^1\setminus \{0, 1, \infty\}}$ in characteristic 0 that is closely related to hypergeometric functions and the Fermat curve of degree $N$. In this paper, we study the Gross-Kudla-Schoen modified diagonal 1-cycles of these curves. We prove that if $p \ge 3$ is a prime, then for every $λ$ the Griffiths Abel-Jacobi image of the modified diagonal cycle of $X_{p,λ}$ is nontrivial for every cuspidal choice of a base point. On the other hand, we show that the modified diagonal cycle and hence the Ceresa cycle of $X_{3,λ}$ is torsion in the Chow group for every $λ$ and every choice of a base point.
Let $(F_r M)_{r\in\mathbb{Z}}$ be a finite filtration on an object $M$ of a neutral Tannakian category $\mathbf{T}$ in characteristic zero. Let $u(M)=u^F(M)$ be the Lie algebra of the subgroup of the Tannakian fundamental group of $M$ that acts trivially on the associated graded $Gr^FM$. The filtration $F_\bullet M$ induces a filtration on the internal Hom $\underline{Hom}(M,M)$, which in turn induces a filtration $F_\bullet u(M)$ on $u(M)$. This filtration on $u(M)$ is concentrated in negative degrees. In this paper, we give a description of the graded piece $Gr^F_{-1}u( M)$ in terms of the extensions $F_{r+1}M/F_{r-1}M\in Ext^1(Gr^F_{r+1}M, Gr^F_{r}M)$. In particular, these extensions determine $Gr^F_{-1}u(M)$. Note that here we neither assume the filtration is functorial, nor we assume that $Gr^FM$ is semisimple. The problem of studying $u(M)$ in this generality is motivated by the desire to understand Tannakian groups associated to a mixed motive and its realizations, including realizations for which semisimplicity of realizations of pure motives is not known and realizations that lack an interesting functorial weight filtration. We also give two related applications. The first is an equivalent condition in the generality described above for when $u(M)$ coincides with its trivial upper bound $F_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$. This result generalizes earlier criteria for maximality of $u(M)$ obtained by various authors in special contexts or under limiting conditions. In the second application, we apply the results to the setting of a neutral Tannakian category with a functorial weight filtration $W_\bullet$. Combining the constructions of [arXiv:2307.15487] with our general maximality criterion we prove a result about the structure of the set of isomorphism classes of objects $M$ for which $Gr^WM$ is isomorphic to a given graded object $A$ and $u^W(M)=W_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$.
Grothendieck's theory of blended extensions (extensions panachées) gives a natural framework to study 3-step filtrations in abelian categories. We give a generalization of this theory that is suitable for filtrations with an arbitrary finite number of steps. We use this generalization to study two natural classification problems for objects with a fixed associated graded in an abelian category equipped with a filtration similar to the weight filtration on mixed Hodge structures. We then give an application to the study of mixed motives with a given associated graded and maximal unipotent radicals of motivic Galois groups. We prove a homological classification result for such motives when the given associated graded is "graded-independent", a condition defined in the paper. The special case of this result for motives with 3 weights was proved earlier with K. Murty under some extra hypotheses.
Let $\mathbf{T}$ be a neutral tannakian category over a field of characteristic 0. Let $M$ be an object of $\mathbf{T}$ with a filtration $0=F_0M\subsetneq F_1M\subsetneq \cdots\subsetneq F_kM=M$, such that each successive quotient $F_iM/F_{i-1}M$ is semisimple. Assume that the unipotent radical of the tannakian fundamental group of $M$ is as large as it is permitted under the constraints imposed by the filtration $(F_\bullet M)$. In this note, we first describe the $Ext^1$ groups in the tannakian subcategory of $\mathbf{T}$ generated by $M$. We then give two applications for motives, one involving 1-motives and another involving mixed Tate motives, leading to some implications of Grothendieck's period conjecture.
We prove some analogues of Schur's lemma for endomorphisms of extensions in Tannakian categories. More precisely, let $\mathbf{T}$ be a neutral Tannakian category over a field of characteristic zero. Let $E$ be an extension of $A$ by $B$ in $\mathbf{T}$. We consider conditions under which every endomorphism of $E$ that stabilizes $B$ induces a scalar map on $A\oplus B$. We give a result in this direction in the general setting of arbitrary $\mathbf{T}$ and $E$, and then a stronger result when $\mathbf{T}$ is filtered and the associated graded objects to $A$ and $B$ satisfy some conditions. We also discuss the sharpness of the results.
The family of all mixed Hodge structures on a given rational vector space $M_\mathbb{Q}$ with a fixed weight filtration $W_\cdot$ and a fixed associated graded Hodge structure $Gr^WM$ is naturally in a one to one correspondence with a complex affine space. We study the unipotent radical of the very general Mumford-Tate group of the family. We do this by using general Tannakian results which relate the unipotent radical of the fundamental group of an object in a filtered Tannakian category to the extension classes of the object coming from the filtration. Our main result shows that if $Gr^WM$ is polarizable and satisfies some conditions, then outside a union of countably many proper Zariski closed subsets of the parametrizing affine space, the unipotent radical of the Mumford-Tate group of the objects in the family is equal to the unipotent radical of the parabolic subgroup of $GL(M_\mathbb{Q})$ associated to the weight filtration on $M_\mathbb{Q}$ (in other words, outside a union of countably many proper Zariski closed sets the unipotent radical of the Mumford-Tate group is as large as one may hope for it to be). Note that here $Gr^WM$ itself may have a small Mumford-Tate group.
Let $\mathbf{T}$ be a neutral Tannakian category over a field of characteristic zero with unit object $\mathbf{1}$, and equipped with a filtration $W_\cdot$ similar to the weight filtration on mixed motives. Let $M$ be an object of $\mathbf{T}$, and $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)\subset W_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$ the Lie algebra of the kernel of the natural surjection from the fundamental group of $M$ to the fundamental group of $Gr^WM$. A result of Deligne gives a characterization of $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)$ in terms of the extensions $0\longrightarrow W_pM \longrightarrow M \longrightarrow M/W_pM \longrightarrow 0$: it states that $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)$ is the smallest subobject of $W_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$ such that the sum of the aforementioned extensions, considered as extensions of $\mathbf{1}$ by $W_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$, is the pushforward of an extension of $\mathbf{1}$ by $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)$. In this article, we study each of the above-mentioned extensions individually in relation to $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)$. Among other things, we obtain a refinement of Deligne's result, where we give a sufficient condition for when an individual extension $0\longrightarrow W_pM \longrightarrow M \longrightarrow M/W_pM \longrightarrow 0$ is the pushforward of an extension of $\mathbf{1}$ by $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)$. In the second half of the paper, we give an application to mixed motives whose unipotent radical of the motivic Galois group is as large as possible (i.e. with $\underline{\mathfrak{u}}(M)= W_{-1}\underline{Hom}(M,M)$). Using Grothedieck's formalism of \textit{extensions panachées} we prove a classification result for such motives. Specializing to the category of mixed Tate motives we obtain a classification result for 3-dimensional mixed Tate motives over $\mathbb{Q}$ with three weights and large unipotent radicals.
The results of this paper can be divided into two parts, geometric and arithmetic. Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve over $\mathbb{C}$, and $e,\infty\in X(\mathbb{C})$ be distinct points. Let $L_n$ be the mixed Hodge structure of functions on $π_1(X-\{\infty\},e)$ given by iterated integrals of length $\leq n$ (as defined by Hain). In the geometric part, inspired by a work of Darmon, Rotger, and Sols, we express the mixed Hodge extension $\mathbb{E}^\infty_{n,e}$ given by the weight filtration on $\frac{L_n}{L_{n-2}}$ in terms of certain null-homologous algebraic cycles on $X^{2n-1}$. As a corollary, we show that the extension $\mathbb{E}^\infty_{n,e}$ determines the point $\infty\in X-\{e\}$. The arithmetic part of the paper gives some number-theoretic applications of the geometric part. We assume that $X=X_0\otimes_K\mathbb{C}$ and $e,\infty\in X_0(K)$, where $K$ is a subfield of $\mathbb{C}$ and $X_0$ is a projective curve over $K$. Let $Jac$ be the Jacobian of $X_0$. We use the extension $\mathbb{E}^\infty_{n,e}$ to associate to each $Z\in CH_{n-1}(X_0^{2n-2})$ a point $P_Z\in Jac(K)$, which can be described analytically in terms of iterated integrals. The proof of $K$-rationality of $P_Z$ uses that the algebraic cycles constructed in the geometric part of the paper are defined over $K$. Assuming a certain plausible hypothesis on the Hodge filtration on $L_n(X-\{\infty\},e)$ holds, we show that an algebraic cycle $Z$ for which $P_Z$ is torsion, gives rise to relations between periods of $L_2(X-\{\infty\},e)$. Interestingly, these relations are non-trivial even when one takes $Z$ to be the diagonal of $X_0$. The geometric result of the paper in $n=2$ case, and the fact that one can associate to $\mathbb{E}^\infty_{2,e}$ a family of points in $Jac(K)$, are due to Darmon, Rotger, and Sols. Our contribution is in generalizing the picture to higher weights.