arXiv subjects

Peng Cheng

Publications and source records attributed to Peng Cheng.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

arXiv2015

Experimental Realization of Two-Dimensional Boron Sheets

Boron is the fifth element in the periodic table and possesses rich chemistry second only to carbon. A striking feature of boron is that B12 icosahedral cages occur as the building blocks in bulk boron and many boron compounds. This is in contrast to its neighboring element, carbon, which prefers 2D layered structure (graphite) in its bulk form. On the other hand, boron clusters of medium size have been predicted to be planar or quasi-planar, such as B12+ , B13+, B19-, B36, and so on. This is also in contrast to carbon clusters which exhibit various cage structures (fullerenes). Therefore, boron and carbon can be viewed as a set of complementary chemical systems in their bulk and cluster structures. Now, with the boom of graphene, an intriguing question is that whether boron can also form a monoatomic-layer 2D sheet structure? Here, we report the first successful experimental realization of 2D boron sheets. We have revealed two types of boron sheet structures, corresponding to a triangular boron lattice with different arrangements of the hexagonal holes. Moreover, our boron sheets were found to be relatively stable against oxidization, and interacts only weekly with the substrate. The realization of such a long expected 2D boron sheet could open a door toward boron electronics, in analogous to the carbon electronics based on graphene.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2015

Reliable Diversity-Based Spatial Crowdsourcing by Moving Workers

With the rapid development of mobile devices and the crowdsourcig platforms, the spatial crowdsourcing has attracted much attention from the database community, specifically, spatial crowdsourcing refers to sending a location-based request to workers according to their positions. In this paper, we consider an important spatial crowdsourcing problem, namely reliable diversity-based spatial crowdsourcing (RDB-SC), in which spatial tasks (such as taking videos/photos of a landmark or firework shows, and checking whether or not parking spaces are available) are time-constrained, and workers are moving towards some directions. Our RDB-SC problem is to assign workers to spatial tasks such that the completion reliability and the spatial/temporal diversities of spatial tasks are maximized. We prove that the RDB-SC problem is NP-hard and intractable. Thus, we propose three effective approximation approaches, including greedy, sampling, and divide-and-conquer algorithms. In order to improve the efficiency, we also design an effective cost-model-based index, which can dynamically maintain moving workers and spatial tasks with low cost, and efficiently facilitate the retrieval of RDB-SC answers. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approaches over both real and synthetic data sets.

cs.DB↗

arXiv2015

Task Assignment on Multi-Skill Oriented Spatial Crowdsourcing

With the rapid development of mobile devices and crowdsourcing platforms, the spatial crowdsourcing has attracted much attention from the database community. Specifically, the spatial crowdsourcing refers to sending location-based requests to workers, based on their current positions. In this paper, we consider a spatial crowdsourcing scenario, in which each worker has a set of qualified skills, whereas each spatial task (e.g., repairing a house, decorating a room, and performing entertainment shows for a ceremony) is time-constrained, under the budget constraint, and required a set of skills. Under this scenario, we will study an important problem, namely multi-skill spatial crowdsourcing (MS-SC), which finds an optimal worker-and-task assignment strategy, such that skills between workers and tasks match with each other, and workers' benefits are maximized under the budget constraint. We prove that the MS-SC problem is NP-hard and intractable. Therefore, we propose three effective heuristic approaches, including greedy, g-divide-and-conquer and cost-model-based adaptive algorithms to get worker-and-task assignments. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our MS-SC processing approaches on both real and synthetic data sets.

cs.DB↗

arXiv2015

Shadow of noncommutative geometry inspired black hole

In this paper, the shadow casted by the rotating black hole inspired by noncommutative geometry is investigated. In addition to the dimensionless spin parameter $a/M_{0}$ with $M_{0}$ black hole mass and inclination angle $i$, the dimensionless noncommutative parameter $\sqrt{\vartheta}/M_{0}$ is also found to affect the shape of the black hole shadow. The result shows that the size of the shadow slightly decreases with the parameter $\sqrt{\vartheta}/M_{0}$, while the distortion increases with it. Compared to the Kerr black hole, the parameter $\sqrt{\vartheta}/M_{0}$ increases the deformation of the shadow. This may offer a way to distinguish noncommutative geometry inspired black hole from Kerr one via astronomical instruments in the near future.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2015

Variable Coupling Strength of Silicene on Ag(111)

We performed a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) study on the electronic structures of of root(3)Xroot(3)-silicene on Ag(111). We find that the coupling strength of root(3)Xroot(3)-silicene with Ag(111) substrate is variable at different regions, giving rise to notable effects in experiments. These evidences of decoupling or variable interaction of silicene with the substrate are helpful to in-depth understanding of the structure and electronic properties of silicene.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2014

Tuning the Band Gap in Silicene by Oxidation

Silicene monolayers grown on Ag(111) surfaces demonstrate a band gap that is tunable by oxygen adatoms from semimetallic to semiconducting type. By using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, it is found that the adsorption configurations and amounts of oxygen adatoms on the silicene surface are critical for band-gap engineering, which is dominated by different buckled structures in R13xR13, 4x4, and 2R3x2R3 silicene layers. The Si-O-Si bonds are the most energy-favored species formed on R13xR13, 4x4, and 2R3x2R3 structures under oxidation, which is verified by in-situ Raman spectroscopy as well as first-principles calculations. The silicene monolayers retain their structures when fully covered by oxygen adatoms. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of tuning the band gap of silicene with oxygen adatoms, which, in turn, expands the base of available two-dimensional electronic materials for devices with properties that is hardly achieved with graphene oxide.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2014

Persistent Dirac Fermion State on Bulk-like Si(111) Surface

The "multilayer silicene" films were grown on Ag(111), with increasing thickness above 30 monolayers (ML). We found that the "multilayer silicene" is indeed a bulk Si(111) film. Such Si film on Ag(111) always exhibits a root(3)xroot(3) honeycomb superstructure on surface. Delocalized surface state as well as linear energy-momentum dispersion was revealed by quasiparticle interference patterns (QPI) on the surface, which proves the existence of Dirac fermions state. Our results indicate that bulk silicon with diamond structure can also host Dirac fermions, which makes the system even more attractive for further applications compared with monolayer silicene.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Intrinsic Josephson junctions in the iron-based multi-band superconductor (V2Sr4O6)Fe2As2

In layered superconductors, Josephson junctions may be formed within the unit cell due to sufficiently low interlayer coupling. These intrinsic Josephson junction (iJJ) systems have attracted considerable interest for their application potential in quantum computing as well as efficient sources of THz radiation, closing the famous "THz gap". So far, iJJ have been demonstrated in single-band, copper-based high-Tc superconductors, mainly in Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O. Here we report clear experimental evidence for iJJ behavior in the iron-based superconductor (V2Sr4O6)Fe2As2. The intrinsic junctions are identified by periodic oscillations of the flux flow voltage upon increasing a well aligned in-plane magnetic field. The periodicity is well explained by commensurability effects between the Josephson vortex lattice and the crystal structure, which is a hallmark signature of Josephson vortices confined into iJJ stacks. This finding adds (V2Sr4O6)Fe2As2 as the first iron-based, multi-band superconductor to the copper-based iJJ materials of interest for Josephson junction applications, and in particular novel devices based on multi-band Josephson coupling may be realized.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Observation of Dirac cone warping and chirality effects in silicene

We performed low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) studies on the electronic properties of (R3xR3)R30° phase of silicene on Ag(111) surface. We found the existence of Dirac Fermion chirality through the observation of -1.5 and -1.0 power law decay of quasiparticle interference (QPI) patterns. Moreover, in contrast to the trigonal warping of Dirac cone in graphene, we found that the Dirac cone of silicene is hexagonally warped, which is further confirmed by density functional calculations and explained by the unique superstructure of silicene. Our results demonstrate that the (R3xR3)R30° phase is an ideal system to investigate the unique Dirac Fermion properties of silicene.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2013

Doping effect of Cu and Ni impurities on the Fe-based superconductor Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2

Copper and Nickel impurities have been doped into the iron pnictide superconductor Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2. Resistivity measurements reveal that Cu and Ni impurities suppress superconducting transition temperature T_c with rates of ΔT_c/Cu-1% = -3.5 K and ΔT_c/Ni-1% = -2.9 K respectively. Temperature dependence of Hall coefficient R_H of these two series of samples show that both Cu-doping and Ni-doping can introduce electrons into Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2. With more doping, the sign of R_H gradually changes from positive to negative, while the changing rate of Cu-doped samples is much faster than that of Ni-doped ones. Combining with the results of first-principles calculations published previously and the non-monotonic evolution of the Hall coefficient in the low temperature region, we argue that when more Cu impurities were introduced into Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2, the removal of Fermi spectral weight in the hole-like Fermi surfaces is much stronger than that in the electron-like Fermi surfaces, which is equivalent to significant electron doping effect. DC magnetization and the lattice constants analysis reveal that static magnetic moments and notable lattice compression have been formed in Cu-doped samples. It seems that the superconductivity can be suppressed by the impurities disregard whether they are magnetic or nonmagnetic in nature. This gives strong support to a pairing gap with a sign reversal, like S^\pm. However, the relatively slow suppression rates of T_c show the robustness of superconductivity of Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 against impurities, implying that multi-pairing channels may exist in the system.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Sustainable high critical temperature in a hydrocarbon superconductor

Organic superconductors are unique materials with a crystal structure made primarily of a complex carbon based network, an element associated directly with life, which were postulated to have a high critical temperature, $T_{C}$, even above room temperature, from a theoretical viewpoint. Pressure plays an essential role in the study of superconductivity in such organic materials, including creation of the first organic superconductor as well as the achievement of the highest $T_{C}$ of 14.2 K for charge transfer salts and 38 K for metal-doped fullerides. However, superconductivity in these organic systems is only sustainable within a very narrow pressure range (a few GPa) and is readily destroyed upon further compression. Here we report high-pressure magnetic susceptibility and structure measurements on a newly discovered superconductor, LaPhenanthrene. It is found that the application of pressure not only significantly increases $T_{C}$ from its ambient-pressure value of 4.8 K to 12.3 K at 18.4 GPa but also stabilizes the high $T_{C}$ over the entire pressure range (61 GPa) of the study. The evolution of $T_{C}$ with pressure is closely correlated with the angle $β$ of the monoclinic unit cell. Both $T_{C}$ and $β$ change sharply with increasing pressure initially but remain constant above 40 GPa, indicating that molecule orientation is essential to superconductivity. These behaviors can be understood in terms of pressure tuning of electron correlations, illustrating the unconventional nature of superconductivity in these hydrocarbon superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Dynamic Phase Transition in Monolayer Silicene

The (r3xr3)R30° honeycomb of silicene monolayer on Ag(111) was found to undergo a phase transition to two types of mirror-symmetric boundary-separated rhombic phases at temperatures below 40 K by scanning tunneling microscopy. The first-principles calculations reveal that weak interactions between silicene and Ag(111) drive the spontaneous ultra buckling in the monolayer silicene, forming two energy-degenerate and mirror-symmetric (r3xr3)R30° rhombic phases, in which the linear band dispersion near Dirac point (DP) and a significant gap opening (150 meV) at DP were induced. The low transition barrier between these two phases enables them interchangeable through dynamic flip-flop motion, resulting in the (r3xr3)R30° honeycomb structure observed at high temperature.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Superconductivity in Yb$_x$($Me$)$_y$HfNCl ($Me$ = NH$_3$ and THF)

The intercalated layered nitride $β$-HfNCl has attracted much attention due to the high superconducting transition temperature up to 25.5 K. Electrons can be introduced into $β$-$M$NCl ($M$=Zr and Hf) through alkali-metals intercalation to realize the superconductivity. Here, we report the observation of superconductivity in rare-earth metals cointercalated compounds Yb$_x$($Me$)$_y$HfNCl with $Me$ = NH$_3$ and tetrahydrofuran (THF), which were synthesized by the liquid ammonia method at room temperature. The superconducting transition temperature is about 23 K and 24.6 K for Yb$_{0.2}$(NH$_3$)$_y$HfNCl and Yb$_{0.3}$(NH$_3$)$_y$HfNCl, respectively. Replacing the NH$_3$ with a larger molecule THF, superconducting transition temperature increases to 25.2 K in Yb$_{0.2}$(THF)$_y$HfNCl, which is almost the same as the highest $T_{\rm c}$ reported in the alkali-metals intercalated HfNCl superconductors. The $T_{\rm c}$ of Yb$_{0.2}$(THF)$_y$HfNCl is apparently suppressed by pressure up to 0.5 GPa, while the pressure effect on $T_{\rm c}$ becomes very small above 0.5 GPa. The liquid ammonia method is proved to be an effective synthetic method to intercalate metal ions into HfNCl. Our results suggest that the superconductivity in these layered intercalated superconductors nearly does not rely on the intercalated metal ions, even magnetic ion.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2012

Evidence for Dirac Fermions in a honeycomb lattice based on silicon

Silicene, a sheet of silicon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, was proposed to be a new Dirac-type electron system similar as graphene. We performed scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies on the atomic and electronic properties of silicene on Ag(111). An unexpected $\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}$ reconstruction was found, which is explained by an extra-buckling model. Pronounced quasi-particle interferences (QPI) patterns, originating from both the intervalley and intravalley scattering, were observed. From the QPI patterns we derived a linear energy-momentum dispersion and a large Fermi velocity, which prove the existence of Dirac Fermions in silicene.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Evidence of silicene in honeycomb structures of silicon on Ag(111)

In the search for evidence of silicene, a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of silicon, it is important to obtain a complete picture for the evolution of Si structures on Ag(111), which is believed to be the most suitable substrate for growth of silicene so far. In this work we report the finding and evolution of several monolayer superstructures of silicon on Ag(111) depending on the coverage and temperature. Combined with first-principles calculations, the detailed structures of these phases have been illuminated. These structure were found to share common building blocks of silicon rings, and they evolve from a fragment of silicene to a complete monolayer silicene and multilayer silicene. Our results elucidate how silicene formes on Ag(111) surface and provide methods to synthesize high-quality and large-scale silicene.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2011

Step size adaptation in first-order method for stochastic strongly convex programming

We propose a first-order method for stochastic strongly convex optimization that attains $O(1/n)$ rate of convergence, analysis show that the proposed method is simple, easily to implement, and in worst case, asymptotically four times faster than its peers. We derive this method from several intuitive observations that are generalized from existing first order optimization methods.

math.OC↗

arXiv2011

Power-Law Decay of Standing Waves on the Surface of Topological Insulators

We propose a general theory on the standing waves (quasiparticle interference pattern) caused by the scattering of surface states off step edges in topological insulators, in which the extremal points on the constant energy contour of surface band play the dominant role. Experimentally we image the interference patterns on both Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films by measuring the local density of states using a scanning tunneling microscope. The observed decay indices of the standing waves agree excellently with the theoretical prediction: In Bi$_2$Se$_3$, only a single decay index of -3/2 exists; while in Bi$_2$Te$_3$ with strongly warped surface band, it varies from -3/2 to -1/2 and finally to -1 as the energy increases. The -1/2 decay indicates that the suppression of backscattering due to time-reversal symmetry does not necessarily lead to a spatial decay rate faster than that in the conventional two-dimensional electron system. Our formalism can also explain the characteristic scattering wave vectors of the standing wave caused by non-magnetic impurities on Bi$_2$Te$_3$.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2010

Anomalous Meissner effect in pnictide superconductors

The Meissner effect has been studied in Ba(Fe0.926Co0.074)2As2 and Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 single crystals and compared to well known, type-II superconductors LuNi2B2C and V3Si. Whereas flux penetration is mostly determined by the bulk pinning (and, perhaps, surface barrier) resulting in a large negative magnetization, the flux expulsion upon cooling in a magnetic field is very small, which could also be due to pinning and/or surface barrier effects. However, in stark contrast with the expected behavior, the amount of the expelled flux increases almost linearly with the applied magnetic field, at least up to our maximum field of 5.5 T, which far exceeds the upper limit for the surface barrier. One interpretation of the observed behavior is that there is a field-driven suppression of magnetic pair-breaking.

cond-mat.supr-con↗