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Peter A. M. van Hoof

Publications and source records attributed to Peter A. M. van Hoof.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2014

Evolution of the central stars of young planetary nebulae

The evolution of central stars of planetary nebulae was so far documented in just a few cases. However, spectra collected a few decades ago may provide a good reference for studying the evolution of central stars using the emission line fluxes of their nebulae. We investigated evolutionary changes of the [OIII] 5007 A line flux in the spectra of planetary nebulae. We compared nebular fluxes collected during a decade or longer. We used literature data and newly obtained spectra. A grid of Cloudy models was computed using existing evolutionary models, and the models were compared with the observations. An increase of the [OIII] 5007 A line flux is frequently observed in young planetary nebulae hosting H-rich central stars. The increasing nebular excitation is the response to the increasing temperature and hardening radiation of the central stars. We did not observe any changes in the nebular fluxes in the planetary nebulae hosting late-type Wolf-Rayet (WR) central stars. This may indicate a slower temperature evolution (which may stem from a different evolutionary status) of late-[WR] stars. In young planetary nebulae with H-rich central stars, the evolution can be followed using optical spectra collected during a decade or longer. The observed evolution of H-rich central stars is consistent with the predictions of the evolutionary models provided in the literature. Late-[WR] stars possibly follow a different evolutionary path.

astro-ph.SR↗
arXiv2012

Radiative cooling in collisionally and photo ionized plasmas

We discuss recent improvements in the calculation of the radiative cooling in both collisionally and photo ionized plasmas. We are extending the spectral simulation code Cloudy so that as much as possible of the underlying atomic data is taken from external databases, some created by others, some developed by the Cloudy team. This paper focuses on recent changes in the treatment of many stages of ionization of iron, and discusses its extensions to other elements. The H-like and He-like ions are treated in the iso-electronic approach described previously. Fe II is a special case treated with a large model atom. Here we focus on Fe III through Fe XXIV, ions which are important contributors to the radiative cooling of hot, 1e5 to 1e7 K, plasmas and for X-ray spectroscopy. We use the Chianti atomic database to greatly expand the number of transitions in the cooling function. Chianti only includes lines that have atomic data computed by sophisticated methods. This limits the line list to lower excitation, longer wavelength, transitions. We had previously included lines from the Opacity Project database, which tends to include higher energy, shorter wavelength, transitions. These were combined with various forms of the g-bar approximation, a highly approximate method of estimating collision rates. For several iron ions the two databases are almost entirely complementary. We adopt a hybrid approach in which we use Chianti where possible, supplemented by lines from the Opacity Project for shorter wavelength transitions. The total cooling including the lightest thirty elements differs significantly from some previous calculations.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2009

Implications of infalling Fe II - emitting clouds in active galactic nuclei: anisotropic properties

We investigate consequences of the discovery that Fe II emission in quasars, one of the spectroscopic signatures of "Eigenvector 1", may originate in infalling clouds. Eigenvector 1 correlates with the Eddington ratio L/L_Edd so that Fe II/Hbeta increases as L/L_Edd increases. We show that the "force multiplier", the ratio of gas opacity to electron scattering opacity, is ~ 10^3 - 10^4 in Fe II-emitting gas. Such gas would be accelerated away from the central object if the radiation force is able to act on the entire cloud. As had previously been deduced, infall requires that the clouds have large column densities so that a substantial amount of shielded gas is present. The critical column density required for infall to occur depends on L/L_Edd, establishing a link between Eigenvector 1 and the Fe II/Hbeta ratio. We see predominantly the shielded face of the infalling clouds rather than the symmetric distribution of emitters that has been assumed. The Fe II spectrum emitted by the shielded face is in good agreement with observations thus solving several long-standing mysteries in quasar emission lines.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2003

Implications of IR continua for x-ray emission/reflection in AGN

Observations of infrared emission from AGN show that grains exist over a broad range of distances from the central object, extending to the point where they are destroyed by sublimation. These ~1000 K grains produce much of the 1 micron continuum. In this region closest to the central object there must be a gaseous component associated with the hot grains. This paper employs a state of the art grain model and shows that the gas must be very hot, with temperatures in the neighborhood of 10^6 K. The dusty component has a covering factor of roughly 50% and so this region also reprocesses much of the total x-ray emission. Our explicit models of the IR through x-ray spectral energy distributions allow the x-ray component to be predicted from IR observations. We are creating a grid of such predictions and will make them available as an XSPEC add-in, allowing this spectral component to be included in quantitative modeling of AGN spectra.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2003

The Post-Agb Star IRAS 16594-4656

We present the basic properties of the multipolar post-AGB star IRAS 16594-4656, and discuss in particular its near infrared spectrum which shows shock excited H2 and [Fe II] emission lines.

astro-ph↗
arXiv2003

Introducing EMILI: Computer Aided Emission Line Identification

The identification of spectral lines can be a tedious process requiring the interrogation of large spectroscopic databases, but it does lend itself to software algorithms that can determine the characteristics of candidate line identifications. We present here criteria used for the identification of lines and a logic developed for a line identification software package called EMILI, which uses the v2.04 Atomic Line List as the basic line database. EMILI considers all possible database transitions within the wavelength uncertainties for observed optical emission lines and computes an approximate intensity for each candidate line. It searches for other multiplet members that are expected to be seen with each candidate line, and rank orders all of the tentative line identifications for each observed line based on a set of criteria. When applied to the spectra of the Orion Nebula and the planetary nebula IC 418, EMILI's recommended line ID's agree well with those of previous traditional manual line assignments. The existence of a semi-automated procedure should give impetus to the study of very high signal-to-noise spectra, enabling the identification of previously unidentified spectral lines to be handled with ease and consistency.

astro-ph↗
arXiv1999

H alpha emission line profiles of selected post-AGB stars

We present H alpha emission line spectra of 7 post-AGB stars. Typically, they have a P-Cygni type profile with a very strong emission component and a relatively narrow absorption component. These lines are formed in the fast post-AGB wind which in most cases has a velocity of around 100 km/s. Hence the emission originates close to the central star and the absorption occurs in the fast wind itself or in the region where the fast wind sweeps up the slow wind. The emission profile has very broad wings. It is still unclear what causes these wings.

astro-ph↗
arXiv1994

Radio and Infrared Emission from a [WC]-Type Planetary Nebula in the LMC

Radio continuum emission has been detected from a planetary nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud: this is the first radio continuum detection for any planetary nebula outside our galaxy. The radio flux density is a factor of two lower than predicted from the \hbeta\ flux. This could be due either to a two-component morphology or to a stellar contribution to the \hbeta\ emission. We have modeled the optical and infrared spectrum using the photo-ionisation code Cloudy: a very good fit is obtained if we assume the nebula is carbon rich. The derived diameter implies an evolutionary age of the nebula of $<1000\yr$, similar to what is derived from the IRAS colours alone. The central star, which is of [WC] type, has a much higher stellar temperature than Galactic [WC] stars showing similar circumstellar IRAS colours. An explanation could be that the expansion velocity of the nebula is lower than those of its galactic counterparts. This radio detection indicates that accurate nebular luminosities could be determined from their radio emission for many LMC planetary nebulae.

astro-ph↗