arXiv subjects

Peter A. Monkewitz

Publications and source records attributed to Peter A. Monkewitz.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Complete Matched Asymptotic Expansions for Velocity Statistics in Turbulent Channels

Complete high fidelity matched asymptotic expansions (abbreviated MAE) are developed for the first and second order turbulence statistics in channel flow from 11 direct numerical simulations (DNS). To put the crucial identification of overlaps on a solid footing, a simple a priori test is devised, which only requires a DNS or experimental profile and the presumed overlap of the MAE for the quantity in question. This test fully supports the form c0 - c1 Y^1/4 of the overlaps for the stream-wise and cross-stream normal stresses and , which has been advocated by Chen and Sreenivasan (2022, 2023, 2025) and Monkewitz (2022, 2023). The first MAE analysis of the wall-normal stress then reveals an overlap of the form c0 - c1 Y^5/4 , which is extensively documented. Finally, the logarithmic indicator function Xi = y dU/dy for the mean velocity overlap is reanalyzed, with focus on its spatial oscillations. The latter are compared in the concluding section to the spatial oscillations of , together with further observations.

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arXiv2025

Experiments in a novel quasi-1D diffusion flame with variable bulk flow

The novel species injector of a recently developed research burner, consisting of an array of hypodermic needles, which allows to produce quasi one-dimensional unstrained diffusion flames has been improved. It is used in a new symmetric design with fuel and oxidizer injected through needle arrays which allows to independently choose both the magnitude and direction of the bulk flow through the flame. A simplified theoretical model for the flame position with variable bulk flow is presented which accounts for the transport properties of both reactants. The model results are compared to experiments with a CO2-diluted H2-O2 flame and variable bulk flow. The mixture composition throughout the burning chamber is monitored by mass spectrometry. The resulting concentration profiles are also compared to the simplified theory and demonstrate that the new burner configuration produces a good approximation of the 1-D chambered diffusion flame, which has been used extensively for the stability analysis of diffusion flames. Hence, the new research burner opens up new possibilities for the experimental validation of theoretical models developed in the idealized unstrained 1-D chambered flame configuration, in particular models concerning the effect of bulk flow magnitude and direction on flame stability. Some preliminary results are presented on the effect of bulk flow direction on the thermal-diffusive cellular flame instability.

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arXiv2025

Thermal-diffusive instabilities in unstretched, planar diffusion flames

Our recent development of a novel research burner has made it possible to experimentally investigate truly unstretched and planar diffusion flames. Hence it has become feasible to directly validate theoretical models for thermal-diffusive instabilities in idealized one-dimensional diffusion flames by experiment. In this paper, the instabilities observed close to the lean extinction limit have been mapped as a function of the Lewis numbers of both reactants. Cellular and pulsating instabilities are identified in parameter regions corresponding qualitatively to theoretical predictions. A detailed investigation of these two types of instabilities reveals the dependence of the cell size and pulsation frequency of unstable flames on the transport properties of the reactants and on flow conditions. While the experimental scaling of the cell size is found in good agreement with theoretical models, the comparison with theory remains inconclusive for the scaling of the pulsation frequency. An experimental correlation for the pulsation frequency in terms of flow parameters, transport properties, in particular the Damkoohler number, and oscillation amplitude has been developed and awaits theoretical interpretation.

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arXiv2024

On the difficulty of determining Karman 'constants' from DNS

The difficulty of determining the slope of the famed logarithmic law in the mean velocity profile in wall-bounded turbulent flows, the inverse of the Karman 'constant' $κ$, from direct numerical simulations (DNS) is discussed for channel flow. Unusual approaches, as well as the analysis of the standard log-indicator function are considered and analyzed, leading to the conclusion that a definitive determination of the channel flow $κ$ from DNS with an uncertainty of, say, 2-3% will require the residue of the mean stream-wise momentum equation in the simulations to be reduced by at least an order of magnitude.

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arXiv2023

Reynolds number scaling and inner-outer overlap of stream-wise Reynolds stress in wall turbulence

The scaling of Reynolds stresses in turbulent wall-bounded flows is the subject of a long running debate. In the near-wall ``inner'' region, a sizeable group, inspired by the ``attached eddy model'', has advocated the unlimited growth of $\langle uu\rangle^+$ and in particular of its inner peak at $y^+\approxeq 15$, with $\ln\Reytau$ \citep[see e.g.][and references therein]{smitsetal2021}. Only recently, \citet{chen_sreeni2021,chen_sreeni2022} have argued on the basis of bounded dissipation, that $\langle uu\rangle^+$ remains finite in the inner near-wall region for $\Reytau\rightarrow\infty$, with finite Reynolds number corrections of order $\Reytau^{-1/4}$. In this paper, the overlap between the two-term inner expansion $f_0(y^+) + f_1(y^+)/\Reytau^{1/4}$ of \citet{monkewitz22} and the leading order outer expansion for $\langle uu\rangle^+$ is shown to be of the form $C_0 + C_1\,(y^+/\Reytau)^{1/4}$. With a new indicator function, overlaps of this form are reliably identified in $\langle uu\rangle^+$ profiles for channels and pipes, while the situation in boundary layers requires further clarification. On the other hand, the standard logarithmic indicator function, evaluated for the same data, shows no sign of a logarithmic law to connect an inner expansion of $\langle uu\rangle^+$ growing as $\ln{\Reytau}$ to an outer expansion of order unity.

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arXiv2023

The hunt for the Kármán "constant'' revisited

The logarithmic law of the wall, joining the inner, near-wall mean velocity profile (abbreviated MVP) in wall-bounded turbulent flows to the outer region, has been a permanent fixture of turbulence research for over hundred years, but there is still no general agreement on the value of the pre-factor, the inverse of the Kármán ``constant'' $κ$, or on its universality. The choice diagnostic tool to locate logarithmic parts of the MVP is to look for regions where the indicator function $Ξ$ (equal to the wall-normal coordinate $y^+$ times the mean velocity derivative $\dd U^+/\dd y^+$) is constant. In pressure driven flows however, such as channel and pipe flows, $Ξ$ is significantly affected by a term proportional to the wall-normal coordinate, of order $\mathcal{O}(\Reytau^{-1})$ in the inner expansion, but moving up across the overlap to the leading $\mathcal{O}(1)$ in the outer expansion. Here we show that, due to this linear overlap term, $\Reytau$'s well beyond $10^5$ are required to produce one decade of near constant $Ξ$ in channels and pipes. The problem is resolved by considering the common part of the inner asymptotic expansion carried to $\mathcal{O}(\Reytau^{-1})$, and the leading order of the outer expansion. This common part contains a \textit{superposition} of the log law and a linear term $S_0 \,y^+\Reytau^{-1}$, and corresponds to the linear part of $Ξ$, which, in channel and pipe, is concealed up to $y^+ \approx 500-1000$ by terms of the inner expansion. A new and robust method is devised to simultaneously determine $κ$ and $S_0$ in pressure driven flows at currently accessible $\Reytau$'s, yielding $κ$'s which are consistent with the $κ$'s deduced from the Reynolds number dependence of centerline velocities. A comparison with the zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer further clarifies the issues.

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arXiv2021

Asymptotics of stream-wise Reynolds stress in wall turbulence

The scaling of different features of stream-wise normal stress profiles $\langle uu\rangle^+(y^+)$ in turbulent wall-bounded flows, in particular in truly parallel flows, such as channel and pipe flows, is the subject of a long running debate. Particular points of contention are the scaling of the "inner" and "outer" peaks of $\langle uu\rangle^+$ at $y^+\approxeq 15$ and $y^+ =\mathcal{O}(10^3)$, respectively, their infinite Reynolds number limit, and the rate of logarithmic decay in the outer part of the flow. Inspired by the landmark paper of Chen and Sreenivasan (2021), two terms of the inner asymptotic expansion of $\langle uu\rangle^+$ in the small parameter $Re_τ^{-1/4}$ are extracted for the first time from a set of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of channel flow. This inner expansion is completed by a matching outer expansion, which not only fits the same set of channel DNS within 1.5\% of the peak stress, but also provides a good match of laboratory data in pipes and the near-wall part of boundary layers, up to the highest $Re_τ$'s of order $10^5$. The salient features of the new composite expansion are first, an inner $\langle uu\rangle^+$ peak, which saturates at 11.3 and decreases as $Re_τ^{-1/4}$, followed by a short "wall loglaw" with a slope that becomes positive for $Re_τ\gtrapprox 20'000$, leading up to an outer peak, and an outer logarithmic overlap with a negative slope continuously going to zero for $Re_τ\to\infty$.

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arXiv2020

The late start of the mean velocity overlap layer at $y^+=\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ -- A generic feature of ducted turbulent flows

One of the key observations in the Princeton Superpipe was the late start of the logarithmic mean velocity overlap layer at a wall distance of the order of $10^3$ inner units. Between $y^+\approx 150$, the start of the overlap layer in zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers, and $y^+\approx 10^3$, the Superpipe profile is modeled equally well by a power law or a log-law with a larger slope than in the overlap layer. In this paper it is shown that the mean velocity profile in turbulent plane channel flow exhibits analogous characteristics, namely a sudden decrease of logarithmic slope (increase of $κ$) at a $y^+_{\mathrm{break}}\approx 600$, which marks the start of the actual overlap layer. This demonstration results from the first construction of the complete inner and outer asymptotic expansions up to order $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{Re}_τ)^{-1}$ from mean velocity profiles of direct numerical simulations (DNS) at moderate Reynolds numbers. A preliminary analysis of a Couette flow DNS, on the other hand, yields an increase of logarithmic slope (decrease of $κ$) at a $y^+_{\mathrm{break}}\approx 400$. The correlation between the sign of the slope change and the flow symmetry motivates the hypothesis that the breakpoint between the possibly universal short inner logarithmic region and the actual overlap log-law corresponds to the penetration depth of large-scale turbulent structures originating from the opposite wall.

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arXiv2019

Derivation of Pitot corrections for the Zagarola & Smits Superpipe data and their composite fit

The original turbulent pipe flow experiments in the Princeton "Superpipe" by Zagarola & Smits (1997, 1998) at unprecedented laboratory Reynolds numbers have started an ongoing vigorous debate on the logarithmic law in the mean velocity profile $U^+(y^+)$ and the intimately related question of Pitot probe corrections for mean shear, viscous effects and turbulence level. Considering that the Pitot probe diameter $d^+$ exceeded 7000 wall units at the highest Reynolds number, the various \textcolor{black}{traditional Pitot} corrections had to be extended into uncharted territory \textcolor{black}{where they may no longer be additive}. In this note, the inverse approach is adopted, where the net result of all the corrections is assumed to be compatible with the model for $U^+$ developed by \cite{Monk17}. The latter has an inner part which is, up to higher order corrections, identical to the zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer profile and switches around $y^+_{\mathrm{break}} \approx 400$ to a logarithmic overlap layer with a Kármán "parameter" $κ$ \textcolor{black}{that depends on pressure gradient and possibly on other flow parameters}. The simplicity of the resulting global Pitot correction proportional to $(d^+)^{0.9}(R^+)^{-0.4}$, with only two fitting parameters, indirectly supports this model. \textcolor{black}{Based on the required equality of the overlap and centerline $κ$'s, it is furthermore shown that $y^+_{\mathrm{break}}$ must be a constant.} \textcolor{black}{Finally,} the outer "wake" part of the profile is argued to be asymptotically linear between the wall and about half the pipe radius. This gives rise to a linear higher order tail $\propto y^+/R^+$ in the logarithmic overlap layer, which has been \textcolor{black}{the subject} of asymptotic analysis over the last decades.

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arXiv2017

Revisiting the quest for a universal log-law and the role of pressure gradient in "canonical" wall-bounded turbulent flows

The trinity of so-called "canonical" wall-bounded turbulent flows, comprising the zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer, abbreviated ZPG TBL, turbulent pipe flow and channel/duct flows has continued to receive intense attention as new and more reliable experimental data have become available. Nevertheless, the debate on whether the logarithmic part of the mean velocity profile, in particular the Kármán constant $κ$, is identical for these three canonical flows or flow-dependent is still ongoing. In this paper, which expands upon Monkewitz and Nagib (24th ICTAM Conf., Montreal, 2016), the asymptotic matching requirement of equal $κ$ in the log-law and in the expression for the centerline/free-stream velocity is reiterated and shown to preclude a single universal log-law in the three canonical flows or at least make it very unlikely. The current re-analysis of high quality mean velocity profiles in ZPG TBL's, the Princeton "Superpipe" and in channels and ducts leads to a coherent description of (almost) all seemingly contradictory data interpretations in terms of TWO logarithmic regions in pipes and channels: A universal interior, near-wall logarithmic region with the same parameters as in the ZPG TBL, in particular $κ_{\mathrm{wall}} \cong 0.384$, but only extending from around $150$ to around $10^3$ wall units, and shrinking with increasing pressure gradient, followed by an exterior logarithmic region with a flow specific $κ$ matching the logarithmic slope of the respective free-stream or centerline velocity. The log-law parameters of the exterior logarithmic region in channels and pipes are shown to depend monotonically on the pressure gradient.

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